scholarly journals Mapping Soil Biodiversity in Europe and the Netherlands

Soil Systems ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michiel Rutgers ◽  
Jeroen P. van Leeuwen ◽  
Dirk Vrebos ◽  
Harm J. van Wijnen ◽  
Ton Schouten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Management Decision ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Soil Organisms ◽  
Soil Biodiversity ◽  
Soil Attributes ◽  
Global Soil ◽  
Coarse Information

Soil is fundamental for the functioning of terrestrial ecosystems, but our knowledge about soil organisms and the habitat they provide (shortly: Soil biodiversity) is poorly developed. For instance, the European Atlas of Soil Biodiversity and the Global Soil Biodiversity Atlas contain maps with rather coarse information on soil biodiversity. This paper presents a methodology to map soil biodiversity with limited data and models. Two issues were addressed. First, the lack of consensus to quantify the soil biodiversity function and second, the limited data to represent large areas. For the later issue, we applied a digital soil mapping (DSM) approach at the scale of the Netherlands and Europe. Data of five groups of soil organisms (earthworms, enchytraeids, micro-arthropods, nematodes, and micro-organisms) in the Netherlands were linked to soil habitat predictors (chemical soil attributes) in a regression analysis. High-resolution maps with soil characteristics were then used together with a model for the soil biodiversity function with equal weights for each group of organisms. To predict soil biodiversity at the scale of Europe, data for soil biological (earthworms and bacteria) and chemical (pH, soil organic matter, and nutrient content) attributes were used in a soil biodiversity model. Differential weights were assigned to the soil attributes after consulting a group of scientists. The issue of reducing uncertainty in soil biodiversity modelling and mapping by the use of data from biological soil attributes is discussed. Considering the importance of soil biodiversity to support the delivery of ecosystem services, the ability to create maps illustrating an aggregate measure of soil biodiversity is a key to future environmental policymaking, optimizing land use, and land management decision support taking into account the loss and gains on soil biodiversity.

scholarly journals Blind spots in global soil biodiversity and ecosystem function research

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos A. Guerra ◽  
Anna Heintz-Buschart ◽  
Johannes Sikorski ◽  
Antonis Chatzinotas ◽  
Nathaly Guerrero-Ramírez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Function ◽  
Ecosystem Functioning ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Soil Organisms ◽  
Substantial Fraction ◽  
Soil Biodiversity ◽  
Global Soil ◽  
Biodiversity And Ecosystem Function ◽  
And Function ◽  
Blind Spots

AbstractSoils harbor a substantial fraction of the world’s biodiversity, contributing to many crucial ecosystem functions. It is thus essential to identify general macroecological patterns related to the distribution and functioning of soil organisms to support their conservation and governance. Here we identify and characterize the existing gaps in soil biodiversity and ecosystem function data across soil macroecological studies and >11,000 sampling sites. These include significant spatial, environmental, taxonomic, and functional gaps, and an almost complete absence of temporally explicit data. We also identify the limitations of soil macroecological studies to explore general patterns in soil biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships, with only 0.6% of all sampling sites having a non-systematic coverage of both biodiversity and function datasets. Based on this information, we provide clear priorities to support and expand soil macroecological research.

scholarly journals COMPORTAMENTO ESPACIAL DA FUSARIOSE E DOS ATRIBUTOS DO SOLO NO CULTIVO DA PIMENTA-DO-REINO

Nativa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Carla Da Penha Simon ◽  
Ana Carolina Lyra Brumat ◽  
Marcelo Barreto Da Silva ◽  
Bernardo Torres Olmo ◽  
Edney Leandro da Vitória ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
Irregular Sampling ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Soil Attributes ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Chemical Attributes

A pimenta-do-reino é a especiaria mais consumida no mundo e o Brasil destaca-se como um dos maiores produtores. Um dos grandes limitantes no seu cultivo é a fusariose (Fusarium solani f. sp. piperis). Objetivou-se com a realização deste estudo caracterizar a variabilidade espacial da fusariose em pimenta-do-reino, verificando a existência de relação com os atributos físicos e químicos do solo. O estudo foi desenvolvido em uma lavoura localizada no município de São Mateus-ES, na qual foi estabelecida uma malha amostral irregular com 79 pontos, abrangendo uma área de um hectare.  Para a amostragem da fusariose foi realizado um levantamento, onde uma planta por ponto da malha amostral foi classificada em sadia, doente ou morta.  Os atributos do solo amostrados foram: pH em H2O, matéria orgânica, cálcio, magnésio, potássio e textura do solo. Os dados foram analisados através da estatística descritiva e ferramentas da geoestatística. Os semivariogramas ajustados apresentaram uma forte dependência espacial para as variáveis intensidade da fusariose, altimetria, matéria orgânica, textura do solo, pH, cálcio, magnésio potássio (89, 94, 92, 94, 93, 91, 100 e 85 % respectivamente). Os mapas gerados indicam que não há relação da intensidade da fusariose com os atributos do solo estudados no experimento.Palavra-chave: epidemiologia, Fusarium solani f. sp. piperis, geoestatística, Piper nigrum L. SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF FUSARIOSE AND SOIL ATTRIBUTES IN THE BLACK PEPPER CULTIVATION  ABSTRACT:Black pepper is the most consumed spice in the world, Brazil stands out as one of the largest producers. One of the major constraints in cultivation is fusariosis (Fusarium solani f. Piperis). The objective of this study was characterize the spatial variability of fusariosis in black pepper and verify the relationship of chemical attributes of the soil. The study was developed in a tillage located in the municipality of São Mateus - ES, which exist an irregular sampling network was established with 79 points, covering an area of one hectare. For the sampling of fusariosis intensity, the survey was performed, where one plant per point of the sample mesh was classified as healthy, symptomatic or dead. The attributes of the soil sampled were: pH in H2O, organic matter, nutrient content (calcium, magnesium, potassium) and soil texture. Data were analyzed through descriptive statistics and geostatistics tools. The adjusted semivariograms indicated a strong spatial dependence for the variables intensity of fusariosis, altimetry, organic matter, soil texture, pH, calcium, potassium magnesium (89, 94, 92, 94, 93, 91, 100 and 85%, respectively). The generated maps indicate that there is no relation between the incidence of fusariosis and the soil attributes studied in the experiment.Keywords: epidemiology, Fusarium solani f. sp. piperis, geostatistics, Piper nigrum L. DOI:

scholarly journals The global soil community and its influence on biogeochemistry

Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 365 (6455) ◽  
pp. eaav0550 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. W. Crowther ◽  
J. van den Hoogen ◽  
J. Wan ◽  
M. A. Mayes ◽  
A. D. Keiser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Soil Biodiversity ◽  
Soil Community ◽  
The Past ◽  
Biogeochemical Models ◽  
Global Soil ◽  
Organic Matter Pool ◽  
Diverse Community ◽  
Soil Groups

Soil organisms represent the most biologically diverse community on land and govern the turnover of the largest organic matter pool in the terrestrial biosphere. The highly complex nature of these communities at local scales has traditionally obscured efforts to identify unifying patterns in global soil biodiversity and biogeochemistry. As a result, environmental covariates have generally been used as a proxy to represent the variation in soil community activity in global biogeochemical models. Yet over the past decade, broad-scale studies have begun to see past this local heterogeneity to identify unifying patterns in the biomass, diversity, and composition of certain soil groups across the globe. These unifying patterns provide new insights into the fundamental distribution and dynamics of organic matter on land.

Global change, soil biodiversity, and nitrogen cycling in terrestrial ecosystems: three case studies

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 729-743 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. SWIFT ◽  
O. ANDRÉN ◽  
L. BRUSSAARD ◽  
M. BRIONES ◽  
M. -M. COUTEAUX ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Change ◽  
Nitrogen Cycling ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Soil Biodiversity

scholarly journals Mountain Watch: How LT(S)ER Is Safeguarding Southern Africa’s People and Biodiversity for a Sustainable Mountain Future

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1024
Author(s):  
Clinton Carbutt ◽  
Dave I. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Water Policy ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Research Network ◽  
Catchment Management ◽  
Soil Biodiversity ◽  
Observation Network ◽  
Research Initiative ◽  
Global Soil ◽  
Long Term Ecological Research

Southern Africa is an exceptionally diverse region with an ancient geologic and climatic history. Its mountains are located in the Southern Hemisphere mid-latitudes at a tropical–temperate interface, offering a rare opportunity to contextualise and frame our research from an austral perspective to balance the global narrative around sustainable mountain futures for people and biodiversity. Limited Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) was initiated more than a century ago in South Africa to optimise catchment management through sound water policy. The South African Environmental Observation Network (SAEON) has resurrected many government LTER programmes and added observatories representative of the country’s heterogeneous zonobiomes, including its mountain regions. LTER in other Southern African mountains is largely absent. The current rollout of the Expanded Freshwater and Terrestrial Environmental Observation Network (EFTEON) and the Southern African chapters of international programmes such as the Global Observation Research Initiative in Alpine Environments (GLORIA), RangeX, and the Global Soil Biodiversity Observation Network (Soil BON), as well as the expansion of the Mountain Invasion Research Network (MIREN), is ushering in a renaissance period of global change research in the region, which takes greater cognisance of its social context. This diversity of initiatives will generate a more robust knowledge base from which to draw conclusions about how to better safeguard the well-being of people and biodiversity in the region and help balance livelihoods and environmental sustainability in our complex, third-world socio-ecological mountain systems.

scholarly journals The Northern Circumpolar Soil Carbon Database: spatially distributed datasets of soil coverage and soil carbon storage in the northern permafrost regions

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 707-733 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Hugelius ◽  
C. Tarnocai ◽  
G. Broll ◽  
J. G. Canadell ◽  
P. Kuhry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Permafrost Region ◽  
C Cycle ◽  
Global Soil ◽  
Spatially Distributed ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Permafrost Regions

Abstract. High latitude terrestrial ecosystems are key components in the global carbon (C) cycle. Estimates of global soil organic carbon (SOC), however, do not include updated estimates of SOC storage in permafrost-affected soils or representation of the unique pedogenic processes that affect these soils. The Northern Circumpolar Soil Carbon Database (NCSCD) was developed to quantify the SOC stocks in the circumpolar permafrost region (18.7 × 106 km2). The NCSCD is a polygon-based digital database compiled from harmonized regional soil classification maps in which data on soil order coverage has been linked to pedon data (n = 1647) from the northern permafrost regions to calculate SOC content and mass. In addition, new gridded datasets at different spatial resolutions have been generated to facilitate research applications using the NCSCD (standard raster formats for use in Geographic Information Systems and Network Common Data Form files common for applications in numerical models). This paper describes the compilation of the NCSCD spatial framework, the soil sampling and soil analyses procedures used to derive SOC content in pedons from North America and Eurasia and the formatting of the digital files that are available online. The potential applications and limitations of the NCSCD in spatial analyses are also discussed. The database has the doi:10.5879/ecds/00000001. An open access data-portal with all the described GIS-datasets is available online at: http://dev1.geo.su.se/bbcc/dev/ncscd/.

scholarly journals The Northern Circumpolar Soil Carbon Database: spatially distributed datasets of soil coverage and soil carbon storage in the northern permafrost regions

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Hugelius ◽  
C. Tarnocai ◽  
G. Broll ◽  
J. G. Canadell ◽  
P. Kuhry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Permafrost Region ◽  
C Cycle ◽  
Global Soil ◽  
Spatially Distributed ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Permafrost Regions

Abstract. High-latitude terrestrial ecosystems are key components in the global carbon (C) cycle. Estimates of global soil organic carbon (SOC), however, do not include updated estimates of SOC storage in permafrost-affected soils or representation of the unique pedogenic processes that affect these soils. The Northern Circumpolar Soil Carbon Database (NCSCD) was developed to quantify the SOC stocks in the circumpolar permafrost region (18.7 × 106 km2). The NCSCD is a polygon-based digital database compiled from harmonized regional soil classification maps in which data on soil order coverage have been linked to pedon data (n = 1778) from the northern permafrost regions to calculate SOC content and mass. In addition, new gridded datasets at different spatial resolutions have been generated to facilitate research applications using the NCSCD (standard raster formats for use in geographic information systems and Network Common Data Form files common for applications in numerical models). This paper describes the compilation of the NCSCD spatial framework, the soil sampling and soil analytical procedures used to derive SOC content in pedons from North America and Eurasia and the formatting of the digital files that are available online. The potential applications and limitations of the NCSCD in spatial analyses are also discussed. The database has the doi:10.5879/ecds/00000001. An open access data portal with all the described GIS-datasets is available online at: http://www.bbcc.su.se/data/ncscd/.

scholarly journals Assessment of Nitrogen Ceilings for Dutch Agricultural Soils to Avoid Adverse Environmental Impacts

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 898-907 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wim de Vries ◽  
Hans Kros ◽  
Oene Oenema ◽  
Jan Willem Erisman
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
N Fixation ◽  
Critical Limits

In the Netherlands, high traffic density and intensive animal husbandry have led to high emissions of reactive nitrogen (N) into the environment. This leads to a series of environmental impacts, including: (1) nitrate (NO3) contamination of drinking water, (2) eutrophication of freshwater lakes, (3) acidification and biodiversity impacts on terrestrial ecosystems, (4) ozone and particle formation affecting human health, and (5) global climate change induced by emissions of N2O. Measures to control reactive N emissions were, up to now, directed towards those different environmental themes. Here we summarize the results of a study to analyse the agricultural N problem in the Netherlands in an integrated way, which means that all relevant aspects are taken into account simultaneously. A simple N balance model was developed, representing all crucial processes in the N chain, to calculate acceptable N inputs to the farm (so-called N ceiling) and to the soil surface (application in the field) by feed concentrates, organic manure, fertiliser, deposition, and N fixation. The N ceilings were calculated on the basis of critical limits for NO3concentrations in groundwater, N concentrations in surface water, and ammonia (NH3) emission targets related to the protection of biodiversity of natural areas. Results show that in most parts of the Netherlands, except the western and the northern part, the N ceilings are limited by NH3emissions, which are derived from critical N loads for nature areas, rather than limits for both ground- and surface water. On the national scale, the N ceiling ranges between 372 and 858 kton year–1depending on the choice of critical limits. The current N import is 848 kton year–1. A decrease of nearly 60% is needed to reach the ceilings that are necessary to protect the environment against all adverse impacts of N pollution from agriculture.

scholarly journals Vegetation structure determines the spatial variability of soil biodiversity across biomes

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Durán ◽  
Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Vegetation Structure ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Soil Organisms ◽  
Soil Biodiversity ◽  
Soil Age ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Composition Changes

AbstractThe factors controlling the spatial variability of soil biodiversity remain largely undetermined. We conducted a global field survey to evaluate how and why the within-site spatial variability of soil biodiversity (i.e. richness and community composition) changes across global biomes with contrasting soil ages, climates and vegetation types. We found that the spatial variability of bacteria, fungi, protists, and invertebrates is positively correlated across ecosystems. We also show that the spatial variability of soil biodiversity is mainly controlled by changes in vegetation structure driven by soil age and aridity. Areas with high plant cover, but low spatial heterogeneity, were associated with low levels of spatial variability in soil biodiversity. Further, our work advances the existence of significant, undescribed links between the spatial variability of soil biodiversity and key ecosystem functions. Taken together, our findings indicate that reductions in plant cover (e.g., via desertification, increases in aridity, or deforestation), are likely to increase the spatial variability of multiple soil organisms and that such changes are likely to negatively impact ecosystem functioning across global biomes.

scholarly journals Microbiomes in Suspended Soils of Vascular Epiphytes Differ from Terrestrial Soil Microbiomes and from Each Other

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1033
Author(s):  
Alen K. Eskov ◽  
Alexei O. Zverev ◽  
Evgeny V. Abakumov
Keyword(s):  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Soil Microbiome ◽  
Respiration Activity ◽  
Vascular Epiphytes ◽  
Cat Tien National Park

Microbial biodiversity parameters for tropical rainforests remain poorly understood. Whilst the soil microbiome accounts up to 95% of the total diversity of microorganisms in terrestrial ecosystems, the microbiome of suspended soils formed by vascular epiphytes remains completely unexplored. Samples of ground and suspended soils were collected in Cat Tien National Park, southern Vietnam. DNA extraction and sequencing were performed, and libraries of 16s rDNA gene sequences were analyzed. Alpha diversity indices of the microorganisms were the highest in the forest ground soil. In general, the microbiological diversity of all the soil types was found to be similar at the phylum level. Taxonomic composition of the bacterial communities in the suspended soils of plants from the same species are not closer than the taxonomic compositions of the communities in the suspended soils of different plant species. However, the beta diversity analysis revealed significant differences in the movement of mineral elements in terrestrial versus suspended soils. Our data showed that the suspended soils associated with vascular epiphytes were a depository of unique microbiological biodiversity. A contributing factor was the presence of large amounts of organic matter in the suspended soils—deposits collected by the epiphytes—which would have been degraded by termites if it had reached the ground. Further, the nutrient content of the suspended soils was prime for soil respiration activity and taxonomic microbial community biodiversity.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document