Unconditional Quantile Regression Approach: Effects of Education on Housework Time in the US and Japan

We analyze cross-sectional time-use diaries from the 2011 and 2016 Survey on Time Use and Leisure Activities (Shakai Seikatsu Kihon Chosa) to investigate the association between educational level and housework participation in contexts where educational attainment among women does not readily translate into workforce stability. We test whether higher levels of educational attainment are associated with the decrease in housework participation as the previous research in countries of the global north suggests. Our findings reveal that education is not likely to reduce housework participation among Japanese women. Married Japanese women with children are unlikely to reduce their time spent on housework with the increase of their educational level and married Japanese women without children are more likely to increase their housework participation proportionately to the level of their education. The results suggest that in Japan, the supply-side solutions to gender inequality (such as increasing educational opportunities for women) do not remedy the situation. The country needs to address structural and institutional barriers to gender equality.

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Marriage Penalty: Unconditional Quantile Regression of Housework Participation in Japan

10.31219/osf.io/5qdwy ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Kamila Kolpashnikova ◽

Man-Yee Kan ◽

Kiyomi Shirakawa

Keyword(s):

Quantile Regression ◽

Time Use ◽

Educational Level ◽

Leisure Activities ◽

Japanese Women ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Highly Educated ◽

Unconditional Quantile Regression ◽

Marriage Penalty ◽

Quantile Regression Method

We analyze cross-sectional time-use diaries from the 2011 and 2016 Survey on Time Use and Leisure Activities (Shakai Seikatsu Kihon Chosa) to investigate the association between educational level and housework participation at different quantiles. Using the unconditional quantile regression method, we test whether education is associated with less time spent on housework as the previous research on highly educated people suggests. We find that this hypothesis stands only for non-married Japanese women. On the other hand, among married Japanese women, especially those without children in higher deciles of housework participation, are more likely to increase their participation in housework with the increase in their educational level. The results suggest that in Japan, the institute of marriage places higher expectations on women’s housework participation on married women with higher levels of education.

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Socioeconomic Status and Housework: Cultural Differences in Participation in Routine Housework in Japan, Canada, and the US

10.31219/osf.io/9tfce ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Kamila Kolpashnikova ◽

Ryota Chiba ◽

Kiyomi Shirakawa

Keyword(s):

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Time Use ◽

Negative Binomial ◽

Leisure Activities ◽

General Social Survey ◽

Negative Binomial Regression ◽

American Time Use Survey ◽

The Us ◽

Time Use Survey ◽

Global North

The assumption about socioeconomic status (SES) and participation in housework are based on the empirical results in Western countries. As such, SES is assumed to work in a similar way in other regions as it does in the countries of the global north. This assumption can often lead to misguided interpretations of the effects of SES on housework participation in other cultural contexts. One such exception is Japan. We analyze time-use diaries from the American Time Use Survey for the period from 2003 to 2016, 1986-2010 Canadian General Social Survey, and the 2006 Japan Survey on Time Use and Leisure Activities (社会生活基本調査). Using the negative binomial regression, we test whether SES is associated with less time spent on housework as the outsourcing hypothesis predicts. The findings show that this hypothesis stands only for Canadian and American women, whereas married Japanese women are unlikely to reduce their participation in housework with the increase of their SES.

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Sleep Duration and Waking Activities in Relation to the National Sleep Foundation’s Recommendations: An Analysis of US Population Sleep Patterns from 2015 to 2017

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18116154 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (11) ◽

pp. 6154

Author(s):

Michael Osei Mireku ◽

Alina Rodriguez

Keyword(s):

Sleep Duration ◽

Time Use ◽

Variance Estimation ◽

Estimation Method ◽

Short Sleep Duration ◽

Weighted Estimates ◽

American Time Use Survey ◽

Increased Risk ◽

The Us ◽

Time Use Survey

The objective was to investigate the association between time spent on waking activities and nonaligned sleep duration in a representative sample of the US population. We analysed time use data from the American Time Use Survey (ATUS), 2015–2017 (N = 31,621). National Sleep Foundation (NSF) age-specific sleep recommendations were used to define recommended (aligned) sleep duration. The balanced, repeated, replicate variance estimation method was applied to the ATUS data to calculate weighted estimates. Less than half of the US population had a sleep duration that mapped onto the NSF recommendations, and alignment was higher on weekdays (45%) than at weekends (33%). The proportion sleeping longer than the recommended duration was higher than those sleeping shorter on both weekdays and weekends (p < 0.001). Time spent on work, personal care, socialising, travel, TV watching, education, and total screen time was associated with nonalignment to the sleep recommendations. In comparison to the appropriate recommended sleep group, those with a too-short sleep duration spent more time on work, travel, socialising, relaxing, and leisure. By contrast, those who slept too long spent relatively less time on each of these activities. The findings indicate that sleep duration among the US population does not map onto the NSF sleep recommendations, mostly because of a higher proportion of long sleepers compared to short sleepers. More time spent on work, travel, and socialising and relaxing activities is strongly associated with an increased risk of nonalignment to NSF sleep duration recommendations.

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Graphical Representation of Time Use Diaries in Stata: ATUS Tempograms

10.31235/osf.io/6kvzq ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Kamila Kolpashnikova

Keyword(s):

Survey Data ◽

Time Use ◽

Graphical Representation ◽

American Time Use Survey ◽

The Us ◽

Time Use Survey ◽

Representation Of Time

In this paper, I will demonstrate how to create tempograms using the original American Time Use Survey data from the US Bureau of Labor Statistics2. For this project, the 2003-2018sample of diaries is used (file names: atusact0318 and atussum0318).Additionally, I identify the bottleneck, where the performance of Stata’s underlying functions could be optimised to improve the work with time-use data for researchers who use Stata.

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Free Time and Physical Activity Among Americans 15 Years or Older: Cross-Sectional Analysis of the American Time Use Survey

Preventing Chronic Disease ◽

10.5888/pcd16.190017 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Roland Sturm ◽

Deborah A. Cohen

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Time Use ◽

Free Time ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

American Time Use Survey ◽

Cross Sectional Analysis ◽

Time Use Survey ◽

Sectional Analysis

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High times: The effect of medical marijuana laws on student time use

10.26686/wgtn.14294645 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yu-Wei Chu ◽

S Gershenson

Keyword(s):

College Students ◽

Secondary Students ◽

Time Use ◽

Fixed Effects ◽

Leisure Activities ◽

Medical Marijuana ◽

Major Change ◽

American Time Use Survey ◽

Time Use Survey ◽

Medical Marijuana Laws

Medical marijuana laws (MMLs) represent a major change of marijuana policy in the U.S. Previous research shows that these laws increase marijuana use among adults. In this paper, we estimate the effects of MMLs on secondary and post-secondary students’ time use using data from the American Time Use Survey. We apply a difference-in-differences research design and estimate flexible fixed effects models that condition on state fixed effects and state-specific time trends. We find no effect of MMLs on secondary students’ time use. However, we find that college students in MML states spend approximately 20% less time on education-related activities and 20% more time on leisure activities than their counterparts in non-MML states. These behavioral responses largely occur during weekends and summer when students have more spare time. Finally, the impacts of MMLs are heterogeneous and stronger among part-time college students, who are more likely to be first-generation college goers and to come from underrepresented racial and ethnic groups. © This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

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High times: The effect of medical marijuana laws on student time use

10.26686/wgtn.14294645.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yu-Wei Chu ◽

S Gershenson

Keyword(s):

College Students ◽

Secondary Students ◽

Time Use ◽

Fixed Effects ◽

Leisure Activities ◽

Medical Marijuana ◽

Major Change ◽

American Time Use Survey ◽

Time Use Survey ◽

Medical Marijuana Laws

Medical marijuana laws (MMLs) represent a major change of marijuana policy in the U.S. Previous research shows that these laws increase marijuana use among adults. In this paper, we estimate the effects of MMLs on secondary and post-secondary students’ time use using data from the American Time Use Survey. We apply a difference-in-differences research design and estimate flexible fixed effects models that condition on state fixed effects and state-specific time trends. We find no effect of MMLs on secondary students’ time use. However, we find that college students in MML states spend approximately 20% less time on education-related activities and 20% more time on leisure activities than their counterparts in non-MML states. These behavioral responses largely occur during weekends and summer when students have more spare time. Finally, the impacts of MMLs are heterogeneous and stronger among part-time college students, who are more likely to be first-generation college goers and to come from underrepresented racial and ethnic groups. © This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

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Do immigrants pay a price when marrying natives? Lessons from the US time use survey

IZA Journal of Development and Migration ◽

10.2478/izajodm-2020-0016 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Shoshana Amyra Grossbard ◽

Victoria Vernon

Keyword(s):

Time Use ◽

Immigrant Women ◽

Male Dominance ◽

Native Women ◽

Household Chores ◽

American Time Use Survey ◽

The Us ◽

Time Use Survey ◽

Gender Based ◽

Immigrant Men

AbstractWe compare the allocation of time of native men and women married to immigrants against their counterparts in all-native couples using the American Time Use Survey for the years 2003–18. We find that when intermarried to a native man, immigrant women pay an assimilation price to the extent that, compared to native women in all-native marriages, they work longer hours at paid work, household chores, or both, while their husbands do no extra work. In some cases, they work for just an extra hour per day. Immigrant men do not pay such a price. Some work 34 min less at household chores than native men in all-native marriages, while the native women who marry immigrant men seem to pay a price related to their situation that would be in an all-native marriage. An explanation based on the operation of competitive marriage markets works for immigrant women, but not for immigrant men. Traditionally, gender-based privileges may allow immigrant men to prevent native women from getting a price for the value that intermarriage generates for their husbands. Such a “male dominance” scenario also helps explain why immigrant men married to native daughters of immigrants from the same region get more benefits from intermarriage than other immigrants.

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Leisure Quality among German Parents—Exploring Urbanity, Mobility, and Partner Interaction as Determinants

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13115883 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (11) ◽

pp. 5883

Author(s):

Bhuvanachithra Chidambaram ◽

Joachim Scheiner

Keyword(s):

Time Use ◽

Leisure Activities ◽

Job Characteristics ◽

Paid Work ◽

Residential Areas ◽

Family Obligations ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Time Use Survey ◽

Partner Interaction ◽

Spatial Attributes

Individuals with family obligations concurrently perform unpaid tasks. In particular, parents often multitask childcare during leisure, leading to low-quality leisure. In this study, we explored leisure quality by measuring pure and contaminated (i.e., leisure combined with childcare) leisure for German parents (lone versus partnered) by considering five diverse factors: demographics, job characteristics, spatial and travel attributes, time use perception/preferences, and gendering of partner interactions. We used the cross-sectional German Time Use Survey 2012/13 data and employed regression analysis. Four important findings of the study are: (a) across groups, women have the highest levels of contaminated leisure, while men have the highest levels of pure leisure; (b) for both lone and partnered respondents, spatial attributes (less dense residential areas), travel attributes (paid work trips, unpaid work trips, number of cars, travel by public transport) negatively determine both pure and contaminated leisure; (c) for partnered respondents, driving is positively associated with contaminated leisure; (d) partner’s time spent on childcare negatively affects women’s pure leisure but positively relates to their contaminated leisure, while partner’s time spent on leisure activities positively affects men’s pure leisure and contaminated leisure.

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