scholarly journals Geographical Juxtaposition: A New Direction in CPTED

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Cozens ◽  
Terence Love ◽  
Brent Davern
Keyword(s):  
Crime Prevention ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Planning Theory ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Paper Briefly ◽  
Crime Risk Assessment ◽  
Crime Risk ◽  
Criminological Theories ◽  
Crime Risks

This paper explores Oscar Newman’s Defensible Space (1972) concept of geographical juxtaposition (GJ) highlighting a significant lack of research within the criminological literature over the last 50 years. We argue the concept is a key foundation in understanding crime and crime prevention theories and in developing crime prevention strategies. Findings from a systematic review of the literature are presented to illustrate the paucity of research into geographical juxtaposition. We develop and extend the concept of geographical juxtaposition beyond that originally coined by Newman to include all immediate, local, distant, and remote environmental (physical) factors. Additionally, we demonstrate, by reference to practical criminological situations, the significant and extensive role of our revised concept of geographical juxtaposition. In particular, we point to the way that focusing on geographical juxtaposition identifies serious problems in many taken-for-granted assumptions in planning theory and practice. In exploring the concept of geographical juxtaposition, we highlight ten ways it can affect crime risks and six ways using geographical juxtaposition can benefit efforts to apply crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED) more successfully when conducting a crime risk assessment. Finally, this paper briefly discusses four new CPTED principles, which emerge from our exploration of geographical juxtaposition. We identify new classes of CPTED methods and new ways of analyzing crime and offer the basis for new criminological theories.

To Boldly go Where no Planners Have Ever …

1993 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Hillier
Keyword(s):  
Extra Dimension ◽  
Communicative Action ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Planning Theory ◽  
Power Relationships ◽  
Discursive Democracy ◽  
Relations Of Power ◽  
Planning Policies

The author presents an empirical example of the systematic distortion of information and the consequent impacts in a particular planning context. In so doing, she raises issues of professionalism, ethics, and democracy, Habermas's consideration of communicative action is of value in such analysis. She further reveals, however, that Habermassian thought tends to demonstrate a significant blindness to the role of power in such interaction. Consideration of Foucault's ideas, with regard to the manifold relations of power which characterise and constitute society, thus add an extra dimension to the work. In a strategic linking of the two the author attempts to demonstrate how communicative action can illuminate the analysis of power relationships in a manner useful to planning theory and practice. The paper concludes with a development of the Habermas-Foucault framework into a proposal for discursive democracy in an attempt to enable achievement of negotiated planning policies through a process of planning through debate.

scholarly journals Third-Generation Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED)

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateja Mihinjac ◽  
Gregory Saville
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Crime Prevention ◽  
Environmental Design ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Basic Infrastructure

This paper advances crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED) theory and practice by introducing a holistic and integrated crime prevention theory called Third-Generation CPTED. We use Third-Generation CPTED to expand both the situational focus of traditional CPTED and the social ecology/neighbourhood focus of Second-Generation CPTED, by creating a new theory that integrates human motivation and aspirations within a neighbourhood Liveability Hierarchy. Central to our theory is the planning concept of liveability and, because safety from crime, fear, and victimization is such an integral part of quality of life, we present two underlying themes on which liveability depends: public health and sustainability. We propose some theoretical assumptions and propositions that underpin the theory and suggest areas for future research. Our contention is that a holistic and integrative Third-Generation CPTED elevates liveability from the role of basic infrastructure and habitat to providing residents with opportunities to enhance their own personal aspirations and improve their quality of life.

Do Crime Risk Assessment Reports Measure Crime Risks?

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Garner Clancey ◽  
Daren Fisher ◽  
Murray Lee
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Crime Risk Assessment ◽  
Crime Risk ◽  
Crime Risks ◽  
Assessment Reports

scholarly journals The planner's subjective destitution: towards a hysterical-analytical triad of planning theory-research-practice

2019 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ignacio Castillo Ulloa
Keyword(s):  
Practical Experience ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Planning Theory ◽  
Theoretical Discussion ◽  
Research Practice ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Planning Decision ◽  
Theory Research ◽  
Four Discourses

AbstractIn this article, I set out different relationships between planning theory, research and practice, drawing on Lacan's "production of four discourses". I argue that each element of the planning theory-research-practice 'triad' acts as the discursive 'agent' and gives rise to particular kinds of 'subject-planner' (the 'master', the 'expert', the 'idealistic' and the 'pragmatic') with specific ideological upshots ('hidden' big other, 'feigned' big other, hysteria and subjective destitution). Primarily a theoretical discussion, the article is also partially underpinned by my own practical experience in planning. While Lacanian psychoanalytical theory has already entered the planning field, its deployment has been mostly centred on deconstructing both planning decision-making processes and the mediation of planners in creating and implementing plans. Hence, the attempt here is to look in more depth at the 'ambivalent' role of the planner as well as to bring in 'planning research', as a key, somewhat occluded, element within the discussion on bridging planning theory and practice. Further, in the literature there seems to be a sort of omnipresent assumption that 'valid' reflection on planning can only come from the 'outside', which in turn perpetuates the role of the academic researcher simply trying to decode and analyse what the practitioner does (or tries to do). Critical impressions from those 'out there', 'on the job', are still missing. They, far from mere anecdotic accounts, ought to comprise self-inflicted criticism triggered by a sense of discomfort with what's being done – by the hysterical question of "why am I a planner?" and "why I am doing this or that?"

The coding turn in urban planning: Could it remedy the essential drawbacks of planning?

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurit Alfasi
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Liberal Democracy ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Shared Responsibility ◽  
Planning Theory ◽  
The Past ◽  
Mutual Agreement

The article deals with the growing tendency to articulate planning policies through principles and codes, a feature of recent planning theory and practice. While this tool arouses interest and enthusiasm, very little attention is given to how it affects planning thought and impacts – or should impact – the act of planning and the institutions involved. After reviewing pre-modern decision-making frameworks that accompanied the use of planning codes, this article highlights the role of mutual agreement and shared responsibility in the application of the past planning codes. It then discusses the meaning of the transition to planning codes and elaborates on the opportunity to remedy the embedded pitfalls created by applying comprehensive land-use plans as a regulatory tool, and to institute planning that is based on the principles of liberal democracy.

Conclusion

2018 ◽  
pp. 186-194
Author(s):  
Courtney Elizabeth Knapp
Keyword(s):  
Action Research ◽  
Participatory Action Research ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Planning Theory ◽  
Participatory Action

The conclusion synthesizes the major lessons of the book into three categories: 1) how diasporic placemaking contributes to planning theory and practice; 2) how urban planners, planning educators, and others interested in these issues can better support diasporic placemaking through their personal work; and 3) the role of participatory action research in supporting these previous two goals.

scholarly journals PERENCANAAN BERBASIS-KOMUNITAS DALAM REKONSTRUKSI ACEH PASCA-BENCANA: SEBUAH REFLEKSI TEORETIK

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 416
Author(s):  
Erwin Fahmi
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Planning Theory ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Disaster Victims ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
The Government ◽  
Post Disaster

Dominant spatial planning theory and practice in the last half a century in Indonesia has been the rational comprehensive. This could be seen, among other, in the formal spatial planning works of the government and private sectors, and their underlying spatial planning laws, i.e. law 24/1992 and law 26/2007. This theory is based on the assumptions that the role of the state is central in the process of plan formulation and implementation; and, at the technical level, the availability of two main conditions to enable plan to be made, i.e.: necessary maps and statistical data, and relevant experts who interprete those data to meet the need of analysis. These assumptions, unfortunately, were not fully met in the specific case of post-conflict and post-disaster reconstruction of Aceh, especially during the first two years, 2005-2006. New approach, therefore, needed to be formulated, accepted by all reconstruction players and implemented to satisfy the immediate needs of the disaster’ victims.     Keywords: planning theory, perencanaan partisipatif, rekonstruksi Aceh

The problem of reflection in German philosophy of the XVIII - XIX centuries

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (152) ◽  
pp. 141-145
Author(s):  
L. A. Checal ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Conceptual Representation ◽  
German Philosophy ◽  
Historical Aspect ◽  
Theoretical Significance ◽  
Self Knowledge

This study focuses on a conceptual representation of the metaphysical and non-classical context of reflection in its subjective dichotomous understanding. The author successively reviews the specifics of reflection, as well as the features of methodology of cognition and self-knowledge in the context of determining the values and priorities of human development and consciousness. The article also includes an overview of the main categories of reflection through a breakdown of theoretical relationships and the most important conceptual discourses. The theoretical significance of the problem of cognition and self-knowledge is determined by the central role of man in society and history. The analysis shows that the methodology of cognition and self-knowledge should be based on the principles of axiological disengagement, a combination of logical and historical aspect, as well as on the coherence of theory and practice.

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