scholarly journals Investigating the Correlation of Purchase Power Parity (PPP) with the Adopted Waste Management Method in EU28

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 162
Author(s):  
Efstathios Kyriakis ◽  
Constantinos Psomopoulos ◽  
Konstantinos Kalkanis
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Purchase Power Parity ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Power Parity ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Treatment Methods ◽  
Time Period

The amount of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) generated mostly in large urban centers is a major problem. For a modern society, the proper management and treatment of MSW is imperative and necessary. However, each community has organized and installed different waste treatment methods based on environmental, social and economic criteria. In this paper, a comparative analysis of waste treatment methods that countries in EU28 have adopted based on economic factors for a time period of 2008–2017, is presented. Power Purchase Parity (PPP), production of MSW and population growth have been considered as to identify how these factors may influence or determine the selected waste management methods. From the results obtained, what should be highlighted is the decrease of MSW in the majority of countries in EU28, regardless of population growth. PPP seems to have no correlation with more ecofriendly waste treatment methods such as recycling and composting, while countries that started to invest in waste-to-energy in the initial years of the examined period (2008–2017), increased their confidence in this technology up until the present day, regardless of PPP formulation.

Use of Statistical Entropy and Life Cycle Analysis to Evaluate Global Warming Potential of Waste Management Systems

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Kaufman ◽  
Eilhann Kwon ◽  
Nikhil Krishnan ◽  
Marco Castaldi ◽  
Nickolas Themelis
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Life Cycle Analysis ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Statistical Entropy ◽  
Concentration Effects ◽  
Attractive Option ◽  
Better Than

The statistical entropy (SE) function has been applied to waste treatment systems to account for dilution or concentration effects on metals. We later extended it to account for carbon flows, especially in waste management systems involving thermal treatment. Now, a simple lifecycle “net energy” metric — encompassing the “lost energy” that would have been gained when high-calorific materials are landfilled rather than combusted with energy recovery — is introduced to account for additional influxes of carbon when using landfilling as the primary disposal method. When combining net energy calculations and long terms effects of landfilling, waste to energy (WTE) becomes a more attractive option for dealing with non-recycled municipal solid waste (MSW). A greenhouse gas-forcing factor is also introduced to account for the entropy generating effects of methane. When incorporating forcing and lost energy, WTE performs notably better than landfills with respect to entropy generation and carbon.

scholarly journals Municipal Waste Management Strategy Review and Waste-to-Energy Potentials in New Zealand

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 3114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-François Perrot ◽  
Alison Subiantoro
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Municipal Waste ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Municipal Waste Management ◽  
Waste Energy

Municipal waste management and Waste-to-Energy (WtE) potentials in New Zealand are discussed. The existing main waste management strategy of New Zealand is to reduce, reuse and recycle waste. Most of the remaining waste is currently disposed of in landfills. WtE options were explored in this study as a more sustainable waste treatment alternative in the country, while making use of the annual 30.8 petajoule of available waste energy in New Zealand. Four WtE technology options were discussed and compared, namely incineration, anaerobic digestion, gasification and pyrolysis. The aspects in comparison were air pollution, cost, side products, capacity, commercial maturity, energy efficiency and type of waste treated. Special emphasis was given to environment-friendliness and cost. From the comparison, it was found that anaerobic digestion seems to be the most attractive solution for the country as it is environment-friendly, economical and the concept is consistent with New Zealand’s existing waste management strategy. The major limitations of anaerobic digestion are its low energy production efficiency and its limited waste treatment capacity. Hence, an effective national waste reduction and recycling strategy is crucial for the success of this waste management option.

Technology Selected for City of Los Angeles Waste-Conversion Facility Sets New Standards for Sustainable Waste Management Using WTE

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominic Meo ◽  
Heiner Zwahr
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Advanced Materials ◽  
Plant Design ◽  
Sustainable Waste Management ◽  
Waste Conversion

The technology selected by the Los Angeles Bureau of Sanitation for its new waste-conversion facility marks an unprecedented step forward in sustainable waste management. Developed by Green Conversion Systems (GCS) in Rye, New York, the proposed facility utilizes commercially-proven waste-treatment technologies which combine the proven benefits of a conventional materials-recycling facility (MRF) with technologies developed for the newest generation of waste-to-energy (WTE) facilities operating in Europe. As a result, the proposed plant will convert essentially all of the waste into electrical power and recyclable byproducts. In the plant design developed by GCS, “black-bin” (post-curbside recycling) waste collected by the City of Los Angeles is treated in a two-step process: • An advanced materials-recovery facility recovers almost 30 percent of the waste for recycling. • The remaining waste is processed in an advanced WTE facility which produces electrical power and a range of commercial byproducts. • More than 99 percent of the waste treated will be diverted from landfilling. When the plant becomes operational, it will provide waste disposal at reasonable costs and several hundred direct and indirect jobs for the surrounding community.

ORIENTASI EKONOMI DALAM SISTEM PENGELOLAAN SAMPAH DOMESTIK TERPADU DI INDONESIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suprapto Suprapto
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Open Loop ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Environmental Interventions ◽  
Treatment Processes

Environmental life cycle assessment on Integrated solid waste management hasdeveloped rapidly during the 1990s and has reached a certain level of harmonisation and standardisation. LCA has mainly been developed for analysing material products, but can also be applied to services, e.g. treatment of a particular amount of solid waste. This paper discusses some methodological issues which come into focus when LCAs are applied to solid waste management systems. The following issues are discussed. (1) Open-loop recycling allocation: besides taking care of a certain amount of solid waste, many treatment processes also provide additional functions, e.g. energy or materials which are recycled into other products. Two important questions which arise are if an allocation between the different functions should be made (and if so how), or if system boundaries should be expanded to include several functions. (2) Multi-input allocation: in waste treatment processes, different materials and products are usually mixed. In many applications there is a need to allocate environmental interventions from the treatment processes to the different input materials. (3) Time: emissions from landfills will continue for a long time.An important issue to resolve is the length of time emissions from the landfill should be considered. Effective schemes need the flexibility to design, adapt and operate systems in ways which best meet current social, economic and environmental conditions. These are likely to change over time and vary by geography. The need for consistency in quality and quantity of recycled materials, compost or energy, the need to support a range of disposaloptions and the benefit of economies of scale, all suggest that integrated waste management should be organized on a large-scale, regional basis. Any scheme incorporating recycling, composting or waste-to-energy technologies must be market-orientated. There must be markets for products and energy.Keywords : municiple solid waste management, economic orientation of waste

scholarly journals Market Structure of Urban Waste Treatment and Disposal: Empirical Evidence from the Italian Industry

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giacomo Di Foggia ◽  
Massimo Beccarello
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Market Structure ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Product Market ◽  
Market Concentration ◽  
Municipal Waste ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Treatment And Disposal

In light of the organizational dynamics of services of economic interest, the regulation of municipal solid waste management is a critical issue to deal with so as to achieve sustainability goals in the coming decades. The European circular economy targets limit the share of municipal waste in landfills to a maximum of 10% by 2035. Consequently, waste-to-energy plants may temporarily become the primary option for residual unsorted waste. The municipal waste management chain comprises two consequential stages: collection and transport, and the treatment and disposal stage, which characterizes as an oligopolistic market structure. After defining the relevant market and calculating market concentration measures, we analyze market power in the treatment and disposal of non-recyclable mixed waste, also known as residual waste. Our analyses are based on empirical data using well-known market concentration indices such as the Herfindahl–Hirschman index and concentration ratios. We report the results of three different market concentration scenarios based on alternative geographic and product market definitions. Considering only waste-to-energy as a product market, we present a situation of moderate concentration, typically involving the attention of competition authorities. On the contrary, considering both options as a single product market, no relevant evidence emerges due to the significant share of waste sent to landfills in 2019, i.e., 20.1% of the total municipal solid waste generated in Italy. Implications for future studies consist of new detailed information on the municipal waste treatment market structure in one of the leading European countries that may prompt comparative studies. Policy implications are derived from the possibility of taking cues from this paper to envisage appropriate regulatory models for an evolving sector in which market spaces are increasing.

scholarly journals Potentiality of Waste-to-Energy Sector Coupling in the MENA Region: Jordan as a Case Study

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qahtan Thabit ◽  
Abdallah Nassour ◽  
Michael Nelles
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Management System ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Waste Incineration ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Mena Region ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Waste Management System ◽  
Multi Stage

Population growth, urbanization, and changes in lifestyle have led to an increase in waste generation quantities. The waste management system in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region is still considered an adolescent system, while developed countries have made great progress in this field, including regulation, financing, administration, separation at source, recycling, and converting waste to energy. At the same time, in the MENA region, the best performance of the recycling process is around 7–10% of total waste. Nowadays, many developed countries like Germany are shifting from waste management to material flow systems, which represent the core of a circular economy. Also, it should be stated here that all countries that have a robust and integrated waste management system include waste-to-energy (W-to-E) incineration plants in their solutions for dealing with residual waste, which is still generated after passing through the entire treatment cycle (hierarchy). Therefore, this paper illustrates the potentiality of embedding waste incineration plants in the MENA region, especially in large cities, and addressing the economic and financial issues for the municipalities. Cities in these countries would like to build and operate waste treatment plants; however, municipalities do not have the sustainable investment and operating costs. The solution is to maximize the income from the output, such as energy, recycling materials, etc. In addition, the MENA region is facing another dilemma, which is water scarcity due to climate change, increasing evaporation, and reduction of precipitation. This research illustrates a simulated model for a waste incineration plant in the MENA region. The EBSILON 13.2 software package was used to achieve this process. Furthermore, the simulated plant applies the concept of waste-to-energy-to-water, so that not only is waste converted to energy but, by efficient usage of multi-stage flash (MSF) technology, this system is able to generate 23 MWe of electric power and 8500 m3/day of potable water. A cost analysis was also implemented to calculate the cost of thermal treatment of each ton of municipal solid waste (MSW) during the life span of the plant. It was found that the average cost of treatment over 30 years would be around US$39/ton.

A Review : Sustainability from Waste

2019 ◽  
pp. 134-155
Author(s):  
Kriti Jain ◽  
Chirag Shah
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Waste Dumps ◽  
Waste Segregation ◽  
Treatment And Disposal ◽  
Engineered Landfill

The increasing volume and complexity of waste associated with the modern economy as due to the ranging population, is posing a serious risk to ecosystems and human health. Every year, an estimated 11.2 billion tonnes of solid waste is collected worldwide and decay of the organic proportion of solid waste is contributing about 5 per cent of global greenhouse gas emissions (UNEP). Poor waste management - ranging from non-existing collection systems to ineffective disposal causes air pollution, water and soil contamination. Open and unsanitary landfills contribute to contamination of drinking water and can cause infection and transmit diseases. The dispersal of debris pollutes ecosystems and dangerous substances from waste or garbage puts a strain on the health of urban dwellers and the environment. India, being second most populated country of the world that too with the lesser land area comparatively, faces major environmental challenges associated with waste generation and inadequate waste collection, transport, treatment and disposal. Population explosion, coupled with improved life style of people, results in increased generation of solid wastes in urban as well as rural areas of the country. The challenges and barriers are significant, but so are the opportunities. A priority is to move from reliance on waste dumps that offer no environmental protection, to waste management systems that retain useful resources within the economy [2]. Waste segregation at source and use of specialized waste processing facilities to separate recyclable materials has a key role. Disposal of residual waste after extraction of material resources needs engineered landfill sites and/or investment in waste-to-energy facilities. This study focusses on the minimization of the waste and gives the brief about the various initiations for proper waste management system. Hence moving towards the alternatives is the way to deal with these basic problems. This paper outlines various advances in the area of waste management. It focuses on current practices related to waste management initiatives taken by India. The purpose of this article put a light on various initiatives in the country and locates the scope for improvement in the management of waste which will also clean up the unemployment.

PERAN MASYARAKAT TERHADAP PEMBAYARAN RETRIBUSI SAMPAH DI KOTA SAMARINDA

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Abd Rachim AF,
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Frequency Analysis ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Relative Frequency ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
The Public ◽  
And Behavior

One of the environmental problems in urban areas is the pollution caused by garbage. The waste problem is caused by various factors such as population growth, living standards changes, lifestyles and behavior, as well as how the waste management system. This study aims to determine how the role of society to levy payments garbage in Samarinda. This research was descriptive; where the data is collected then compiled, described and analyzed used relative frequency analysis. The participation of the public to pay a "levy junk", which stated to pay 96.67%, for each month and the rates stated society cheap, moderate and fairly, respectively 46.08%, 21.21%, 21.04%. Base on the data , the role of the community to pay "levy junk" quite high.

Population Growth and Waste Management in Metropolitan Lagos

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Femi O. Omololu ◽  
Akinmayowa S. Lawal
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Public Private Partnership ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
Private Partnership ◽  
The Public ◽  
Lagos State ◽  
Waste Management Practices

This paper examines the influence of population growth on waste generation in Lagos metropolis, African’s most populous urban conglomeration. Using both quantitative and qualitative methods, the study analyses the pattern of household waste disposal, collection and transportation in Lagos State. It also examines the public-private partnership strategy adopted in waste management. The findings show that population growth significantly influences waste generation and management in Lagos metropolis. As the population increased, the volume of waste generated also increased in each LGA of Lagos State. The public-private partnership strategy has been effective in managing waste, but the Lagos State Waste Management Authority oversight was adjudged as less than satisfactory. The paper concludes that intervention is needed in terms of educating the growing population of the Lagos metropolis on the best waste management practices. It highlights the need for a more efficient and effective publicprivate partnership collaboration to solve this perennial social problem.

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