scholarly journals The Sociology of Prayer: Dimensions and Mechanisms

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Paul Froese ◽  
Rory Jones
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Religious Belief ◽  
Social Outcomes ◽  
Social Mechanisms ◽  
Comprehensive Literature Review ◽  
The Social ◽  
Religious Cultures ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Private Prayer

The sociology of prayer has a long history and routinely stresses the centrality of prayer to religious belief and ritual solidarity. Still, we have struggled to clearly define the parameters of prayer and the various components of this ubiquitous practice. Drawing from a comprehensive literature review of prayer research, we propose that there are four conceptually distinct dimensions of the private prayer experience which vary across religious cultures and traditions; they are (1) the quantity of prayer, (2) the style of prayer, (3) the purpose of prayer, and (4) prayer targets. Our proposed measures of these dimensions offer researchers a framework to better theorize and investigate the social mechanisms which produce variation in prayer as well as the individual and social outcomes of prayer. In particular, we discuss how each prayer dimension fits within specific theoretical framings to better test the extent to which the emotional, rational, and behavioral elements matter to prayer outcomes.

The Social Consequences of Phubbing

2020 ◽  
pp. 157-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariek Vanden Abeele
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Expectancy Violations ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Comprehensive Literature Review ◽  
The Social

Recent empirical work suggests that phubbing, a term used to describe the practice of snubbing someone with a phone during a face-to-face social interaction, harms the quality of social relationships. Based on a comprehensive literature review, this chapter presents a framework that integrates three concurrent mechanisms that explain the relational impact of phubbing: expectancy violations, ostracism, and attentional conflict. Based on this framework, theoretically grounded propositions are formulated that may serve as guidelines for future research on these mechanisms, the conditions under which they operate, and a number of potential issues that need to be considered to further validate and extend the framework.

The Role of the Individual in ICT Standardisation

2015 ◽  
pp. 244-261
Author(s):  
Kai Jakobs
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Social Shaping Of Technology ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Shaping ◽  
Technical Factors ◽  
Standards Development ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

This chapter discusses the influence individuals have in the ICT standards development process. The chapter draws upon ideas underlying the theory of the Social Shaping of Technology (SST). Looking through the SST lens, a number of non-technical factors that influence ICT standards development are identified. A literature review on the role of the individual in ICT standards setting and a case study of the IEEE 802.11 Working Group (WG) show that in a standards body's WG, the backgrounds, skills, attitudes, and behaviour of the individual WG members are crucially important factors. Yet, the case study also shows that in most cases employees tend to represent the ideas and goals of their respective employer. The chapter observes that the non-technical factors are ignored all too often in the literature. It argues that a better understanding of the impact and interplay of these factors, specifically including the skills and attitudes of the WG members, will have significant implications both theoretical and managerial.

Dichotomies of method and practice: a review of literature on transcription

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Anne Shelton ◽  
Maureen A. Flint
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Qualitative Methods ◽  
Technical Tool ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Pedagogical Tool ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Past ◽  
Comprehensive Literature Review ◽  
The Social

PurposeTranscription is an integral component to qualitative research, and as such, the ways that researchers discuss transcription in the literature matter. Scholarly discussions on the “how” and “why” of transcription not only shape discourse within interview data-based fields; they inform the ways that researchers understand the roles and ramifications of transcribing. This study aims to provide a comprehensive literature review of articles on transcription published in qualitative methods journals over the past 25 years, offering implications for research practice and pedagogy.Design/methodology/approachThe literature review asked: How do qualitative researchers discuss transcription/transcribing? The authors first reviewed how transcription was discussed in the literature in qualitative studies in the social sciences broadly. Based on the findings, the authors then conducted a comprehensive literature review in 14 qualitative methods journals.FindingsThe authors found that overall, authors discussed transcription either as a technical tool or as a complex, researcher-constructed process. Specifically, utilitarian discussions of transcription emphasized transcription accuracy and efficiency, while theoretical discussions of transcription emphasized a continuously analytic and researcher-constructed process.Originality/valueThis study offers a comprehensive overview of the past 25 years of articles published on transcription. The authors conclude with a discussion of articles that bridge the theoretical and utilitarian discussions, as well as considerations for using transcription as a pedagogical tool for teaching qualitative research methods.

Social Work Leadership

2021 ◽  
pp. 542-559
Author(s):  
Ayşegül Düzgün
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Leadership Styles ◽  
General Framework ◽  
Comprehensive Literature Review ◽  
The Social ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Social Work Leadership ◽  
Leadership Approaches ◽  
Over Time

The concept of leadership has always been a subject of interest from ancient times to the present. The requirement for different types of leadership styles has emerged over time due to the change and innovation taking place in the organizations, and therefore, new leadership approaches have been established as a result. The aim of this study is to examine the concept of social work leadership, as a new leadership approach, and present a general framework within the scope of the studies conducted on social work leadership. Within this context, the concepts of leadership, social work, and social work leadership have been addressed, the competencies required by the social work leaders have been reviewed, and the studies conducted with respect to social work leadership were discussed. As a result of a comprehensive literature review, it was concluded that the studies regarding social work leadership were not sufficient, and the existing studies underline the lack of interest in leadership in the field of social work and make a call for leadership accordingly.

Contemporary Perspectives on Women Entrepreneurship in India

2018 ◽  
pp. 186-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neeta Baporikar
Keyword(s):  
Grounded Theory ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Economic Restructuring ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Women Entrepreneurship ◽  
Social Barriers ◽  
Indian Context ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Grounded Theory Approach

An entrepreneur is a person who initiates and establishes an enterprise. Entrepreneurship refers to the decisions one takes in setting up and running a new enterprise. The individual constitutes the most important element in entrepreneurship. This individual who decides to be an entrepreneur can be a “HE” or “SHE.” So though the word “Entrepreneur” does not discriminate between genders, yet there is an underlying thread which is of interest to researchers and practitioners alike to study “women entrepreneurship.” Because of the economic restructuring and societal acceptance more women have started establishing enterprises. Being women for whom the social barriers are now breaking and acceptance coming, one should say that women entrepreneurship is in its infancy and transitionary period. Due to this fact, it has its own unique facets. Based on in depth literature review and grounded theory approach, this chapter intends to explore factors which influence women entrepreneurship and provide contemporary perspectives on women entrepreneurship in the Indian context.

CAUSES, FORMS, CONSEQUENCES PREDICTIVE ANALYTICS OF THE BULLYING MODEL IMPLEMENTATION AS A DESTRUCTIVE FORM OF INTERACTION IN THE SOCIOCULTURAL ENVIRONMENT

2020 ◽  
pp. 10-14
Author(s):  
Vinogradova A.I. ◽  
Melnikova O.D. ◽  
Paskhalskaya Y.V. ◽  
Yaskov E.S. ◽  
Gorodischeva A.N.
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Personal Development ◽  
Predictive Analytics ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Cultural Environment ◽  
Social Mechanisms ◽  
Sociocultural Environment ◽  
Cultural Regulation ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual

The specificity of the individuals and groups interaction in society affects the social structure and dynamics of social mechanisms, necessitates studying the reasons for changing the behavior of the parties involved. In recent years, under the influence of various factors that cause an increase in tension in the society life, such as differentiation according to several criteria, expansion of the sphere of interaction between the individual and society, there has been a significant increase in deviations in the personal development and younger generations, behavior which is most often reflected in the strong desire manifestation dominance over the weak. One of the most complex and poorly studied forms of social behavior is bullying, manifested by both individuals and entire groups of people. It becomes necessary to analyze the data analysis patterns and methods, concentrating on the causes predicting, forms that determine the consequences specificity of the bullying model implementation as a destructive form of the socio-cultural environment interaction. The processes digitalization implies the digitalization of data collection and the improvement of analytics for unstable systems associated with the human factor. As a result of the study, there was determined the need for the cultural environment formation in conditions of a certain nature, namely, the creation of a system that would carry out cultural regulation of social interactions and communications. The cultural environment reacts to changes in society, social consciousness changes, ensures the individuals collective life by regulating their social behavior. Separately, it should be noted the importance of changes in this area at the legislative level, which will increase the importance of this aspect and make adjustments at a subconscious level.

Exploring antecedents of social media usage in B2B: a systematic review

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 629-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federica Pascucci ◽  
Chiara Ancillai ◽  
Silvio Cardinali
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Social ◽  
Managerial Implications ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Interest In Research

PurposeThis paper aims to review the state-of-the-art literature on social media adoption in business-to-business (B2B) contexts to propose an inclusive and theoretical viewpoint to understand the antecedents of this phenomenon.Design/methodology/approachThis paper presents the results of a systematic literature review. For this purpose, 29 studies published in academic journals, books and conference papers in the field of marketing and management from 2001 to 2017 were analysed.FindingsThe results show that the number of studies has increased in the past five years. Three different groups of antecedents are identified by considering the nature of these factors (personal, organisational and external) and analysed at two different levels of adoption: individual and firm/function. Managerial implications and future research insights are provided.Research limitations/implicationsThis research area deserves much more attention, both theoretical and empirical, to analyse the existing classifications and develop new categories of antecedents of social media adoption in B2B. Further studies are needed on the individual level of adoption, on new skills and capabilities required to use social media as well as on the social factors influencing usage.Practical implicationsThe literature review allows to understand the role of personal, organisational and social antecedents and suggest ways to improve the level and quality of adoption.Originality/valueDespite a considerable interest in research on social media, this paper provides the first complete framework in the new field of study concerning social media adoption in B2B.

The Conquest of Mythos by Logos: Countering Religion without Faith in Irenaeus, Coleridge and Gadamer

2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-70
Author(s):  
Alexander J. B. Hampton
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Religious Belief ◽  
Historical Contingency ◽  
Middle Position ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
The Social ◽  
Moral Freedom ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Historical Periods ◽  
Do So

Irenaeus, Coleridge and Gadamer all wrote about religion in distinct historical periods, however the work that each produced reflects the anthropological condition of the middle position. Furthermore, each thinker provides an opportunity for self-reflection about the motivations of faith without requiring the individual to abandon their religious belief in order to do so. In this manner they present a productive alternative to the required external views of the social sciences. The individual's position in mid-creation, his moral freedom and his historical contingence all require the acceptance, commitment and trust of faith. Gnosticism, Empiricist thought and the desire to overcome historical contingency all reveal intellectual impatience in riposte to this condition. This intellectual impatience seeks the absolute without the need for faith. For Irenaeus, Coleridge and Gadamer such absolute, logocentric, complete systems end up alienating man from the reality of the incomplete condition that permeates his existence and the faith-requiring mythos that ultimate realities necessitate in order to be communicated.

scholarly journals Kontruksi Sistem Jaminan Sosial dalam Perspektif Ekonomi Islam

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 237
Author(s):  
Naerul Edwin Kiky Aprianto
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Social Security ◽  
Economic System ◽  
Social Security System ◽  
The State ◽  
Security System ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
Islamic Economic ◽  
The Individual

This article intends to examine the social security system in the perspective of Islamic economy. Using literature review, this article cut social security. For that, it can be concluded that the social security construction in the Islamic economic system has four stages, namely: (1) guarantees the individual against himself (individual guarantees); (2) among individuals with his family (family guarantees); (3) individuals with society (assurance society); and (4) between people within a country (a guarantee). Therefore, the construction of social security system in Islamic economics illustrates that guarantee it in layers. When social security was able to be resolved by the individual, then simply at the level of the individual. But when could not be resolved at the level of the individual, it will be resolved at the level of the family. If not completed in level of the family, it will be resolved at the community level. If social security did not complete in the community, then the obligation of the State to finish it<br /><br />Artikel ini bermaksud untuk mengkaji sistem jaminan sosial dalam perspektif ekonomi Islam. Dengan menggunakan literature review, artikel ini membedah jaminan sosial Islam. Artikel ini menyimpulkan bahwa konstruksi jaminan sosial dalam ekonomi Islam memiliki empat sistem tahapan, yaitu: (1) jaminan individu terhadap dirinya (jaminan individu); (2) antara individu dengan keluarganya (jaminan keluarga); (3) individu dengan masyarakatnya (jaminan masyarakat); dan (4) antara masyarakat dalam suatu negara (jaminan negara). Oleh karena itu, konstruksi sistem jaminan sosial dalam ekonomi Islam menggambarkan bahwa jaminan itu berlapis-lapis. Apabila jaminan sosial mampu diselesaikan oleh individu, maka cukup di level individu. Apabila tidak bisa diselesaikan di level individu, maka akan diselesaikan di level keluarga. Apabila tidak selesai di level keluarga, maka akan diselesaikan di level masyarakat. Apabila jaminan sosial tidak selesai di masyarakat, maka kewajiban negara menyelesaikannya.

scholarly journals Informal learning in formal organizations: The case of volunteer learning in the hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 572-591
Author(s):  
Kathia Serrano Velarde
Keyword(s):  
Informal Learning ◽  
Situated Learning ◽  
Learning Experience ◽  
Social Mechanisms ◽  
Voluntary Service ◽  
Organizational Perspective ◽  
The Social ◽  
Formal Organizations ◽  
Routine Tasks ◽  
The Individual

The sociology of education has much to gain from an organizational perspective on learning processes. This is especially true for ‘informal learning’ – that is, learning beyond traditional educational settings such as schools and universities. The present article addresses this gap by providing a theoretical and empirical account of the informality of learning situations in formal organizations. Following the insights of the ‘situated learning’ literature and interaction-based analysis, the article investigates the role and place of informal learners in formal organizations by analysing the learning experience of volunteers who have chosen to take part in the German national voluntary service. The author grasps the complexity of their learning experience over time by using a mixed methods design that combines ethnographic protocols with a series of narrative interviews with German voluntary service participants in hospitals. Since the volunteers observed in the hospital context were constrained to routine tasks that do not require medical skills, their scope of learning new things is indeed limited. Learning thus comes with the necessity of challenging the boundaries of their volunteer role, which in turn requires the cooperation of the regular staff. The article reveals the social mechanisms underlying the individual learning experience of hospital volunteers. It does so by focusing on their boundary work and by identifying the limits of their participation in the communities of practice that they are ‘trying to help’.

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