scholarly journals Reducing Recurrent Care Proceedings: Building a Local Evidence Base in England

Societies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
Pamela Cox ◽  
Susan McPherson ◽  
Claire Mason ◽  
Mary Ryan ◽  
Vanessa Baxter
Keyword(s):  
Evidence Base ◽  
Public Law ◽  
Evaluation Framework ◽  
Birth Parents ◽  
Local Evidence ◽  
The Family ◽  
Local Areas ◽  
Emergent Community ◽  
Long Acting ◽  
Recurrent Set

Recent studies of public law care proceedings within the family justice system in England and Wales suggest that up to a quarter of all mothers who appear in such proceedings will reappear within a subsequent—or recurrent—set of such proceedings within seven years. In the last decade, new interdisciplinary research spanning social work, clinical psychology and sociology has defined and investigated the previously hidden challenge and social costs of ‘recurrent care proceedings’ (RCP). This article adds to this new field by analysing the core values, practice and impact of three different local services in the northwest of England working with birth parents to reduce the risk of recurrent proceedings. The article combines data gathered from the three distinct services using a common evaluation framework co-produced by the authors working with service leads, practitioners and users. It explores how all three services are seeking to reduce the risk of recurrent care proceedings in their local areas without requiring women to use long acting reversible contraception (LARC) or other forms of contraception as a condition of accessing the service. It concludes that insights gained from these and cognate services can inform an emergent community of practice in the recurrent care field.

Legal problems of the paternity institution: Child's rights ensuring issues

2020 ◽  
pp. 267-286
Author(s):  
Mikhail A. Gussev ◽  
Yessil S. Rakhmetov ◽  
Aliya K. Berdibayeva ◽  
Ainash Yessekeyeva
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Gender Identity ◽  
Family Law ◽  
Public Law ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Social Constructs ◽  
Social Forms ◽  
Rights Of The Child ◽  
Legal Problems ◽  
The Family

The aim of the article is to analyze the paternity as a component of the institution of the family, its modern transformations and the resulting challenges, including modern features of parenthood. The authors show that the modern understanding of paternity is determined by gender identity and social constructs that equalize the rights of all persons who act as guardians of the child. The authors determine that the problem of paternity involves not only civil issues, but also family and in-ternational law. The authors of the article clearly show that paternity can act not only as a voluntary, conscious act, but also as a mandatory legal norm. In particu-lar, the authors note that it is possible to use the method of establishing paternity or delegating part of the authority to raise a child in the context of considering public law and its prevalence over family law. The practical significance of the study is determined by the fact that the importance of establishing the principles, as well as the legal conditions for implementing the functions of paternity, will form not only legal but also social forms and even economic parameters for citi-zens and address issues of ensuring human rights, including the rights of the child.

scholarly journals Pharmacotherapeutic strategy for COPD patients: focus on dual bronchodilators

2021 ◽  
pp. 38-44
Author(s):  
A. I. Sinopalnikov
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Baseline Risk ◽  
Copd Patients ◽  
Muscarinic Receptor Antagonists ◽  
History Of ◽  
Inflammatory Profile ◽  
Long Acting ◽  
Systemic Antibiotics ◽  
Active Controls

For two decades, the GOLD Initiative has consistently identified the use of bronchodilators as a priority in the pharmacotherapeutic strategy for COPD. The authors of international and national clinical guidelines consider fixed combinations of long-acting beta2-agonists (LABAs) and long-acting muscarinic receptor antagonists (LAMAs) as “first-line” drugs in most patients with COPD. Numerous clinical studies have shown that fixed LABAs/LAMAs combinations provide optimal bronchodilation and play a paramount role in preventing exacerbations of COPD. Outperforming placebo and active controls, LABAs, LAMAs, inhaled glucocorticosteroids (ICS)/LABAs combination bronchodilators may differ in their therapeutic potential. The available evidence base currently does not allow to make an unambiguous choice in favor of one or another fixed LABAs/ LAMAs combination. With the appearance of “triple” combinations (ICS/LABAs/LAMAs) on the pharmaceutical market, the issue of their comparison with “dual” bronchodilators has become particularly acute. Currently available data suggest that the use of “triple” therapy is not considered as a starting treatment option for COPD and is appropriate only in a subgroup of patients with a higher baseline risk of exacerbations: in the presence of a history of exacerbations ≥ 1, which required prescription of systemic antibiotics and/or glucocorticosteroids, or necessitated hospitalization during the previous year. Thus, ICS-containing therapy is justified only in cases of recurrent exacerbations of moderate COPD or single episodes of severe exacerbations, despite the continued administration of LABAs/LAMAs, as well as in certain categories of patients whose inflammatory profile suggests a “response” to ICS.

scholarly journals A conceptual evaluation framework for the water and sanitation for health facility improvement tool (WASH FIT)

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 380-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Weber ◽  
Molly Patrick ◽  
Arabella Hayter ◽  
Andrea L. Martinsen ◽  
Rick Gelting
Keyword(s):  
Health Facility ◽  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Facility Management ◽  
Evaluation Framework ◽  
Health Systems Strengthening ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Water And Sanitation

Abstract Healthcare facilities (HCFs) in low- and middle-income countries frequently lack water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) services that are adequate to implement infection prevention and control (IPC) practices, decrease healthcare-associated infections and antimicrobial resistance, and provide quality healthcare. The Water and Sanitation for Health Facility Improvement Tool (WASH FIT), initially published in 2017 and updated in 2018, is a risk-based, continuous improvement framework. The tool aims to improve WASH and related facility management and may contribute to quality of care (QoC) efforts. To date, there is no guidance available on how to monitor and evaluate the use of this tool nor is there rigorous evidence on its effectiveness. We developed a conceptual WASH FIT evaluation framework by drawing from the broader WASH, health systems strengthening, and QoC evidence base. This framework provides a common basis to plan, implement, monitor, and evaluate potential inputs, outputs, outcomes, and impacts from applying WASH FIT. Routine use of the tool, coupled with WASH infrastructure improvements as guided by the tool, can lead to better IPC practices, and may support improvements in occupational safety, QoC, global health security, and ultimately progress towards achieving Sustainable Development Goals 3 (good health and well-being) and 6 (clean water and sanitation).

scholarly journals Verification, Analytical Validation, and Clinical Validation (V3): The Foundation of Determining Fit-for-Purpose for Biometric Monitoring Technologies (BioMeTs) (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Goldsack ◽  
Andrea Coravos ◽  
Jessie Bakker ◽  
Brinnae Bent ◽  
Ariel V. Dowling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Data Science ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Evaluation Framework ◽  
Clinical Validation ◽  
Analytical Validation ◽  
Science Data ◽  
Interdisciplinary Field ◽  
Digital Medicine ◽  
Monitoring Technologies

UNSTRUCTURED Digital medicine is an interdisciplinary field, drawing together stakeholders with expertise in engineering, manufacturing, clinical science, data science, biostatistics, regulatory considerations, ethics, patient advocacy, and healthcare policy, to name a few. While this diversity is undoubtedly valuable, it can lead to confusion regarding terminology and best practices. There are many instances, as we detail in this paper, where a single term is used by different groups to mean different things, as well as cases where multiple terms are used to describe essentially the same concept. Our intent is to clarify core terminology and best practices for the evaluation of Biometric Monitoring Technologies (BioMeTs), without unnecessarily introducing new terms. We propose and describe a three-component framework intended to provide a foundational evaluation framework for BioMeTs. This framework includes 1) verification, 2) analytical validation, and 3) clinical validation. We aim for this common vocabulary to enable more effective communication and collaboration, generate a common and meaningful evidence base for BioMeTs, and improve the accessibility of the digital medicine field.

scholarly journals Using The “Family Violence Flag” To Better Identify Harm Within Families

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Mereana White
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Family Violence ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Criminal Record ◽  
The Family ◽  
History Of ◽  
Detrimental Impact

<p>This thesis looks at how the identification and recording of family violence offending in the criminal justice system could be improved. In doing so it examines s 16A of the Criminal Procedure Act 2011, which was introduced in 2019 to ensure “family violence offences” are identified as such on charging documents and on the offender’s criminal record. This provision is known operationally as the “family violence flag”. The role of the family violence flag in relation to risk assessment is considered, particularly its ability to reveal a perpetrator’s prior family violence offending. Research has shown that a history of family violence is the most consistently identified risk factor for intimate partner lethality and risk of re-assault. The potential of the family violence flag to improve the evidence-base of family violence offending in New Zealand is also considered, which is important given the prevalence and detrimental impact of family violence in New Zealand. Analysis suggests that despite its recent introduction, changes could be made to s 16A to increase its utility. Accordingly, reform options to s 16A are proposed to better achieve the policy intent of the family violence flag, strengthening both its application and subsequent use.</p>

Changing Parental Perspectives of Coercion Dynamics

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin D. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Intervention Strategy ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Video Feedback ◽  
Relational Schemas ◽  
Parent Child Interactions ◽  
Parental Perspectives ◽  
The Family ◽  
Feedback Interventions ◽  
Parent Child

This chapter considers video feedback as an intervention strategy for managing parent-child coercion dynamics and associated child behavior problems during the early childhood period. It begins with a discussion of parent-child interactions and the coercive interpersonal dynamic between children and their parents. It then reviews the evidence base for the effectiveness of various interventions in early childhood, together with the theoretical and empirical rationale for videotaped feedback interventions. It also examines caregivers’ relational schemas in the context of parent-child interactions before concluding with an explanation of how to deliver video feedback interventions effectively. The Family Check-Up program is used to illustrate the way in which a brief video feedback intervention can be integrated within existing family-focused intervention protocols.

scholarly journals Strengthening Health Systems to Support Children with Neurodevelopmental Disabilities in Fiji—A Commentary

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 972 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sue Woolfenden ◽  
Kate Milner ◽  
Kali Tora ◽  
Kelera Naulumatua ◽  
Reapi Mataika ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evidence Base ◽  
Pacific Island ◽  
Model Of Care ◽  
High Quality ◽  
International Leadership ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Local Leadership ◽  
Research Engagement ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disabilities ◽  
Local Evidence

Supporting children with neurodevelopmental disabilities (NDDs) is recognized as an increasing priority in Fiji, a middle-income Pacific Island country. Our objective was to describe our approach to developing a model of care and strengthening local leadership in developmental paediatrics in Fiji to ensure high-quality identification, assessment and management of children with NDDs. Paediatric staff at Colonial War Memorial (CWM) Hospital in Suva have worked in partnership with Australian paediatricians to develop the model of care. The platform of continuing medical education during biannual 3 to 4 days of clinic-based teaching with visiting developmental paediatricians from Australia has been used. Since 2010, there have been 15 local and regional paediatric trainees trained. Since 2015, our two local lead paediatric trainees have run a weekly local developmental clinic. In total, 370 children aged 0 to 18 with NDDs have been comprehensively assessed with a detailed history and standardised tools. The model is extending to two divisional hospitals. Research engagement with the team is resulting in the development of a local evidence base. Local, regional and international leadership and collaboration has resulted in increased capacity in the Fijian health system to support children with NDDs.

Quality outcomes in NHS library and knowledge services

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Clare Edwards ◽  
Dominic Gilroy
Keyword(s):  
Evidence Base ◽  
Evaluation Framework ◽  
Strategic Development ◽  
Quality Outcomes ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Development Framework ◽  
High Level ◽  
Impact Planning ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Knowledge Services

PurposeThis paper aims to demonstrate the approach taken in delivering the quality and impact elements of Knowledge for Healthcare, the strategic development framework for National Health Service (NHS) library and knowledge services in England. It examines the work undertaken to enhance quality and demonstrate the value and impact of health library and knowledge services. It describes the interventions developed and implemented over a five-year period 2015–2020 and the move towards an outcome rather than process approach to impact and quality.Design/methodology/approachThe case study illustrates a range of interventions that have been developed, including the outcomes of implementation to date. The methodology behind each intervention is informed by the evidence base and includes professional engagement.FindingsThe outcomes approach to the development and implementation of quality and impact interventions and assets provides evidence to demonstrate the value of library and knowledge staff to the NHS in England to both high-level decision-makers and service users.Originality/valueThe interventions are original concepts developed within the NHS to demonstrate system-wide impacts and change. The Evaluation Framework has been developed based on the impact planning and assessment (IPA) methodology. The interventions can be applied to other healthcare systems, and the generic learning is transferable to other library and knowledge sectors, such as higher education.

scholarly journals Risperidone long-acting injection: the first 50 patients

2004 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol Paton ◽  
Chike Okocha
Keyword(s):  
Evidence Base ◽  
Attrition Rate ◽  
Good Clinical Outcome ◽  
Depot Formulation ◽  
Atypical Antipsychotic Drug ◽  
National Health Service Trust ◽  
Early Use ◽  
Minimal Improvement ◽  
Long Acting

Aims and MethodRisperidone long-acting injection (RLAI) is the first atypical antipsychotic drug to be available in a ‘depot’ formulation. The evidence base underpinning its use is small. We sought to evaluate its early use in clinical practice by a naturalistic follow-up study of the first 50 patients to be prescribed RLAI in one National Health Service Trust.ResultsAt 6 months, 54% of patients had achieved at least minimal improvement, 4% were unchanged, 24% failed to comply, and 18% fared poorly and were switched to alternative antipsychotics. The attrition rate at 6 months was 42%. Supplementation with oral antipsychotics was often required for longer than 3 weeks. Only half of those who had a good clinical outcome at 6 months had achieved this by 3 months.Clinical ImplicationsSome patients responded well to RLAI, but the overall attrition rate was high. Although RLAI provides additional choice in the range of treatments available for people with schizophrenia, we have much to learn about how to optimise its use in practice.

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