scholarly journals From a Comprehensive Pool to a Project-Specific List of Key Performance Indicators for Monitoring the Positive Energy Transition of Smart Cities—An Experience-Based Approach

Smart Cities ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 705-735
Author(s):  
Komninos Angelakoglou ◽  
Konstantinos Kourtzanidis ◽  
Paraskevi Giourka ◽  
Vasilis Apostolopoulos ◽  
Nikos Nikolopoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Selection Procedure ◽  
Evaluation Process ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Key Performance Indicators ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Positive Energy ◽  
Performance Framework

As cities grow rapidly and energy needs increase, shaping an effective energy transition is a top priority towards urban sustainability and smart development. This study attempts to answer three key research questions that can help city authorities, planners and interested agents simplify and increase the transparency of Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) selection for smart city and communities (SCC) projects focusing on energy transition and creation of Positive Energy Districts (PEDs): Question 1: “What resources are available for extracting such KPIs?”; Question 2: “Which of those KPIs are the most suitable for assessing the energy transition of smart city projects and PED-related developments?” and Question 3: “How can a project-specific shortlist of KPIs be developed?”. Answering these questions can also serve as a major first step towards a “universal” KPI selection procedure. In line with this purpose, an experiential approach is presented, capitalizing on knowledge and lessons learned from an ongoing smart city project in Europe (POCITYF) that focuses on PED deployment. Under this framework, a) a review of smart city KPI frameworks has been conducted, resulting in a pool of 258 indicators that can potentially be adopted by smart city projects; b) eight key dimensions of evaluations were extracted, setting a holistic performance framework relevant to SCCs; c) a detailed evaluation process including pre-determined criteria and city-needs feedback was applied to shortlist the KPI pool, leading to a ready-to-be-used, project-specific list of 63 KPIs and d) KPIs were sorted and analyzed in different granularity levels to further facilitate the monitoring procedure. The experiential procedure presented in this study can be easily adapted to the needs of every smart city project, serving as a recommendation guide.

scholarly journals The Nexus between Market Needs and Value Attributes of Smart City Solutions towards Energy Transition. An Empirical Evidence of Two European Union (EU) Smart Cities, Evora and Alkmaar

Smart Cities ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 604-641
Author(s):  
Paraskevi Giourka ◽  
Vasilis Apostolopoulos ◽  
Komninos Angelakoglou ◽  
Konstantinos Kourtzanidis ◽  
Nikos Nikolopoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Positive Energy ◽  
Novel Technologies ◽  
Sustainable Value ◽  
Urban Energy ◽  
Value Propositions

This study presents an experiential process and a market-oriented approach for realizing cities’ energy transition through smart solutions. The aim of this study is twofold: (a) present a process for defining a repository of innovative solutions that can be applied at building, district, or city level, for two European Union cities, Evora and Alkmaar, and support the deployment of positive energy districts enabling a sustainable energy transition, and (b) understand in a systematic way the attributes of value offered by energy-related smart city solutions, in order to facilitate the development of sustainable value propositions that can successfully address city needs. The repository is assessed against four elements of value, which include social impact, life-changing, emotional, and functional attributes, according to the value pyramid of Maslow. Results show that the value attributes of quality, motivation, integration, cost reduction, information, and organization are highly relevant to the proposed smart solutions. The results presented in this study are useful for city planners, decision-makers, public bodies, citizens, and businesses interested in designing their energy transition strategy and defining novel technologies that promote urban energy sustainability.

scholarly journals The latest generation of EU Smart city projects: turning "clean energy for all" into "clean benefits for all

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriano Bisello ◽  
◽  
Daniele Vettorato ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Smart City ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Positive Energy ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Ongoing Research

The European Union is in the process of updating its energy policy and legislative framework under the motto “Clean Energy for All Europeans”. This will facilitate the low carbon energy transition, make it fit for the 21st century, and delivering the EU’s Paris Agreement commitments. Besides expected climate-energy benefits, the EU narrative is introducing new elements to persuade citizens and stakeholders to change their perspective, shifting the general perception from mitigation costs to development opportunities. For example, impact assessment of the new directives estimated that they would generate 900,000 jobs and an increase of up to 1% in EU GDP over the next decade. However, this is just one among several multiple benefits that could be gained thanks to the smart energy transition of cities and neighborhoods (e.g. increased value of refurbished properties, improved health and well-being, enhanced social cohesion, etc.) Starting from this premise, the ongoing research will analyses 12 ongoing EU smart cities and communities projects started between 2014 and 2017, in order to investigate their capability in using the multiple benefits as an effective communication tool, or even including them among the key performance indicators to be used in the assessment phase. In that respect, the Positive energy district concept that permeates the smart city approach of latest calls for funding provides, even more, an interesting nexus and testbed opportunity for EU ambitions. However, ongoing and future projects need to be understood not only as marketing devices for new energy efficient technologies but powerful tools requiring a radical change in management and planning of cities and urban life. In this way, positive energy districts including good habits and behaviors of urban citizens will provide equitable solutions and clear benefits for all.

KPIs to Drive Smart City Assessment

2021 ◽  
pp. 172-195
Author(s):  
Arianna Fonsati
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Key Performance Indicators ◽  
Evaluation Methods ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
European Projects ◽  
Building Level ◽  
Over Time

Developing evaluation methods using key performance indicators (KPIs) to drive smart cities assessment represents a very interesting topic that have been deeply analysed over time. The aim of the chapter is to present several different approaches towards the assessment of cities' performance, discussing advantages and disadvantages of such methods that could be integrated in order to get more farsighted results in terms of decision-making strategies. For this reason, the chapter firstly analyses the different context in which KPIs are applied, defining the fields of application and describing the characteristics of such indicators. Then, two examples of European projects using indicators for evaluation purposes are studied in detail, highlighting the different level of application of indicators, used for assessments at city level in the first project (INDICATE) and at a district/building level in the second one (DIMMER). At the end, the use of KPIs as metrics of evaluation to develop multi-criteria decision approaches (MCDA) is discussed by introducing several examples.

scholarly journals A Methodological Framework for the Selection of Key Performance Indicators to Assess Smart City Solutions

Smart Cities ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Komninos Angelakoglou ◽  
Nikos Nikolopoulos ◽  
Paraskevi Giourka ◽  
Inger-Lise Svensson ◽  
Panagiotis Tsarchopoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Key Performance Indicators ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Sustainable Cities ◽  
Novel Technologies ◽  
Technology Service ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Business As Usual ◽  
Selection Of

Smart and sustainable cities are expected to form a cornerstone for achieving resource efficiency and sustainability worldwide. In this specific study we introduce a holistic framework for determining a repository of key performance indicators (KPIs) that are able to evaluate both business-as-usual and novel technologies and services related to smart city solutions. The framework includes six steps: (a) Clustering of the technology/service solutions into groups called Transition Tracks; (b) definition of the main groups of stakeholders; (c) definition of KPIs dimensions (or domains); (d) definition of KPIs repository per dimension; (e) definition of the scope of evaluation per KPI; and (f) threshold definition per KPI. The implementation of the proposed framework led to the development of a repository of 75 KPIs categorized in six dimensions (technical, environmental, economic, social, ICT and legal KPIs) with the corresponding levels of assessment and stakeholders’ group of interest. The proposed repository can serve as a great basis for similar projects to monitor and evaluate the performance of their solutions. Tips and guidance based on the actual implementation and lessons learned from a smart city project are provided.

scholarly journals Challenges and Barriers for Net‐Zero/Positive Energy Buildings and Districts—Empirical Evidence from the Smart City Project SPARCS

Buildings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Daria Uspenskaia ◽  
Karl Specht ◽  
Hendrik Kondziella ◽  
Thomas Bruckner
Keyword(s):  
Smart City ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Positive Energy ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Net Zero ◽  
Multidimensional Representation

Without decarbonizing cities energy and climate objectives cannot be achieved as cities account for approximately two thirds of energy consumption and emissions. This goal of decarbonizing cities has to be facilitated by promoting net-zero/positive energy buildings and districts and replicating them, driving cities towards sustainability goals. Many projects in smart cities demonstrate novel and groundbreaking low-carbon solutions in demonstration and lighthouse projects. However, as the historical, geographic, political, social and economic context of urban areas vary greatly, it is not always easy to repeat the solution in another city or even district. It is therefore important to look for the opportunities to scale up or repeat successful pilots. The purpose of this paper is to explore common trends in technologies and replication strategies for positive energy buildings or districts in smart city projects, based on the practical experience from a case study in Leipzig—one of the lighthouse cities in the project SPARCS. One of the key findings the paper has proven is the necessity of a profound replication modelling to deepen the understanding of upscaling processes. Three models analyzed in this article are able to provide a multidimensional representation of the solution to be replicated.

scholarly journals PEDRERA. Positive Energy District Renovation Model for Large Scale Actions

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2833
Author(s):  
Paolo Civiero ◽  
Jordi Pascual ◽  
Joaquim Arcas Abella ◽  
Ander Bilbao Figuero ◽  
Jaume Salom
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Key Performance Indicators ◽  
Positive Energy ◽  
Design Phase ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Reliable Prediction ◽  
Sensitive Analysis ◽  
Web Platform

In this paper, we provide a view of the ongoing PEDRERA project, whose main scope is to design a district simulation model able to set and analyze a reliable prediction of potential business scenarios on large scale retrofitting actions, and to evaluate the overall co-benefits resulting from the renovation process of a cluster of buildings. According to this purpose and to a Positive Energy Districts (PEDs) approach, the model combines systemized data—at both building and district scale—from multiple sources and domains. A sensitive analysis of 200 scenarios provided a quick perception on how results will change once inputs are defined, and how attended results will answer to stakeholders’ requirements. In order to enable a clever input analysis and to appraise wide-ranging ranks of Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) suited to each stakeholder and design phase targets, the model is currently under the implementation in the urbanZEB tool’s web platform.

Developing key performance indicators for a tertiary children’s hospital network

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Elliot ◽  
Cheryl Mcullagh ◽  
Michael Brydon ◽  
Karen Zwi
Keyword(s):  
Child Health ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Strategic Plan ◽  
Key Performance Indicators ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Process Measures ◽  
Children's Hospital ◽  
Child Health Outcomes ◽  
Priority Populations

Objective The aim of this study is to describe the experience of developing key performance indicators (KPIs) for Sydney Children’s Hospital Network (SCHN), the largest paediatric healthcare entity in Australia. Methods Beginning with a published methodology, the process of developing KPIs involved five phases: (1) identification of potential KPIs referencing the organisational strategic plan and pre-existing internal and external documents; (2) consolidation into a pragmatic set; (3) analysis of potential KPIs against selection criteria; (4) mapping these back against the strategic plan and management structure; and (5) presentation to key stakeholders to ensure suitability and traction. Consistent with the strategic plan, a subset of indicators was selected to address quality of care for children from priority populations. Results A pragmatic list of 60 mandated and 50 potential KPIs was created from the 328 new and 397 existing potentially relevant KPIs generated by the executive team. Of these, 20 KPIs were selected as the most important; 65% were process measures. The majority of mandated KPIs were process measures. Of the KPIs selected to highlight inequities, there were proportionately more outcome measures (44% outcome, 27% process). Less than one-third could currently be measured by the organisation and were thus aspirational. Conclusion Developing a KPI suite requires substantial time, effort and organisational courage. A structured approach to performance measurement and improvement is needed to ensure a balanced suite of KPIs that can be expected to drive an organisation to improve child health outcomes. Future directions for SCHN include a systematic approach to implementation beyond the mandated KPIs, including KPIs that reflect equity and improved outcomes for priority populations, development of meaningful measures for the aspirational KPIs, adding structure KPIs and measurement of changes in child health outcomes related to the development of this KPI process. What is known about the topic? Health services are increasingly required to demonstrate accountability through KPIs. There is a body of literature on both theoretical frameworks for measuring performance and a long list of possible measures, however developing a meaningful suite of KPIs remains a significant challenge for individual organisations. What does this paper add? This paper describes lessons learned from the practical, pragmatic application of a published methodology to develop a suite of KPIs for the largest paediatric healthcare entity in Australia. It provides a select list of the highest-level KPIs selected by the organisation to stimulate further discussion among similar organisations in relation to KPI selection and implementation. What are the implications for practitioners? Developing and implementing a suite of meaningful KPIs for a large organisation requires courage, an understanding of health informatics, stakeholder engagement, stamina and pragmatism. The process we describe can be replicated and/or modified as needed, with discussion of key lessons learned to help practitioners plan ahead.

Proposing a Feedback System to Enhance Learning Based on Key Performance Indicators

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Anders Berglund ◽  
Johannes Blackne ◽  
Niklas Jansson
Keyword(s):  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Feedback System ◽  
Key Performance Indicators ◽  
Project Team ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Work Activity ◽  
Self Evaluation ◽  
Activity Distribution ◽  
Productivity Data ◽  
Descriptive Survey

This paper proposes a feedback system that is based on the self-evaluation of perceived productivity as a mechanism for detecting deviations in an engineering design student project. By monitoring key performance indicators, project members used feedback loops to recognize alarming patterns and act accordingly. The study is based on descriptive survey data that addressed three factors of influence: perceived productivity, perception of stage completion, and work-activity distribution. The productivity data was analysed by detecting patterns in the form of peaks and lows and by combining the patterns with qualitative data from observations and documented work activities. Measurements were taken every time the project team got together; 33 occasions during the course of the project, resulting in a total of 280 student responses for productivity (P) and completion (C) and 115 student replies for work activity distribution. The findings provide an extraction of peak values and low values that enables tracking of critical incidents. Through an in-depth activity log, each value was enriched with lessons learned about what took place and the consequences for the project, thus enhancing learning from past activities through systematic feedback sessions. The accumulated set of data provided distinguishable patterns for the project team to interpret. Over time this made student actions more proactive, activity execution more distinct and purposeful, and resource allocation in combination with feedback reflections more refined.

scholarly journals Prevailing Approaches and Practices of Citizen Participation in Smart City Projects: Lessons from Trondheim, Norway

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Savis Gohari ◽  
Daniela Baer ◽  
Brita Fladvad Nielsen ◽  
Elena Gilcher ◽  
Welfry Zwestin Situmorang
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Citizen Participation ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Positive Energy ◽  
Causal Relationships ◽  
Administrative Structure ◽  
Innovative Solutions ◽  
Local Actors ◽  
Participation Mechanisms

Citizen participation has become an important aspect in the design of smart cities. This paper investigates the frame and modality of citizen participation in a European Horizon2020 smart city project, +CityxChange, in Trondheim. +CityxChange aims at enabling citizen participation and co-creation in the transition to a positive energy city. The question is “what are the prevailing approaches and practices in relation to citizen participation amongst the key actors involved in +CityxChange? Which structures and processes have inhibited or fostered the participation mechanisms (e.g., for, by, and of people) and practices in Trondheim?” Through participatory observations and interviews with key local actors and citizens, we found that the focus of +CityxChange on efficiency and creating innovative solutions “for” people in partnership with the private sector has disturbed the “by” and “of” people mechanisms of participation. Citizens’ power and roles are not delegated to challenge or replace the project’s predetermined issue or plan. The anchorage of the project outside of the formal administrative structure has caused other functional barriers that inhibit citizen participation, rather than facilitate it. This paper discusses the causal relationships between these interconnected barriers and suggests how authorities can possibly overcome them.

scholarly journals A Review of Key Performance Indicators for Building Flexibility Quantification to Support the Clean Energy Transition

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (18) ◽  
pp. 5676
Author(s):  
Girolama Airò Farulla ◽  
Giovanni Tumminia ◽  
Francesco Sergi ◽  
Davide Aloisio ◽  
Maurizio Cellura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Key Performance Indicators ◽  
Electric Power System ◽  
Power Grids ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Future Perspective ◽  
The Stability

The transition to a sustainable society and a carbon-neutral economy by 2050 requires extensive deployment of renewable energy sources that, due to the aleatority and non-programmability of most of them, may seriously affect the stability of existing power grids. In this context, buildings are increasingly being seen as a potential source of energy flexibility for the power grid. In literature, key performance indicators, allowing different aspects of the load management, are used to investigate buildings’ energy flexibility. The paper reviews existing indicators developed in the context of theoretical, experimental and numerical studies on flexible buildings, outlining the current status and the potential future perspective. Moreover, the paper briefly reviews the range of grid services that flexible buildings can provide to support the reliability of the electric power system which is potentially challenged by the increasing interconnection of distributed variable renewable generation.

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