scholarly journals A Low-Cost Vehicular Traffic Monitoring System Using Fog Computing

Smart Cities ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Spiridon Vergis ◽  
Vasileios Komianos ◽  
Georgios Tsoumanis ◽  
Athanasios Tsipis ◽  
Konstantinos Oikonomou
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring System ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
Traffic Monitoring ◽  
Vehicular Traffic ◽  
Taxi Drivers ◽  
Mobile Tracking ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
The Town

With the rapid increase of vehicles in use worldwide, the need for efficient traffic monitoring systems has arisen. This work proposes a low-cost vehicular traffic monitoring system using IoT devices and fog computing. The system is based on a three-tiered architecture which is composed of (i) the mobile tracking system that records the positions of the vehicles using GPS technologies; (ii) the information gathering system which gathers all the data collected by the mobile tracking system; and (iii) the fog devices that process the data collected and extract the information needed. The system is tested in the town of Corfu during a period of increased tourism when the traffic is considered to be relatively dense. The mobile tracking system devices are placed on taxis and with the help of professional taxi drivers the accuracy of the data collected is evaluated. The system is able to record the movement of the vehicles accurately using its own independent data. The results can be remotely accessed by utilizing fog and cloud computing infrastructure established to process the data and upload it on a server. The system is used to give a better understanding of the speed variance in the center of the town during different dates and hours. In conclusion the system presented in this study can be utilized to monitor the traffic and provide vital information about its behavior in relation to time.

Survey on DDoS Attacks and Defense Mechanisms in Cloud and Fog Computing

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 61-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepali Chaudhary ◽  
Kriti Bhushan ◽  
B.B. Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
Cloud Environment ◽  
Security Issue ◽  
Process Data ◽  
Ddos Attack ◽  
Iot Devices

This article describes how cloud computing has emerged as a strong competitor against traditional IT platforms by offering low-cost and “pay-as-you-go” computing potential and on-demand provisioning of services. Governments, as well as organizations, have migrated their entire or most of the IT infrastructure to the cloud. With the emergence of IoT devices and big data, the amount of data forwarded to the cloud has increased to a huge extent. Therefore, the paradigm of cloud computing is no longer sufficient. Furthermore, with the growth of demand for IoT solutions in organizations, it has become essential to process data quickly, substantially and on-site. Hence, Fog computing is introduced to overcome these drawbacks of cloud computing by bringing intelligence to the edge of the network using smart devices. One major security issue related to the cloud is the DDoS attack. This article discusses in detail about the DDoS attack, cloud computing, fog computing, how DDoS affect cloud environment and how fog computing can be used in a cloud environment to solve a variety of problems.

scholarly journals DNS/DANE Collision-Based Distributed and Dynamic Authentication for Microservices in IoT †

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (15) ◽  
pp. 3292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Díaz-Sánchez ◽  
Andrés Marín-Lopez ◽  
Florina Almenárez Mendoza ◽  
Patricia Arias Cabarcos
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Property A ◽  
Domain Name ◽  
Core Networks ◽  
Secure Information ◽  
Nomadic Users ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Trapdoor Function

IoT devices provide real-time data to a rich ecosystem of services and applications. The volume of data and the involved subscribe/notify signaling will likely become a challenge also for access and core networks. To alleviate the core of the network, other technologies like fog computing can be used. On the security side, designers of IoT low-cost devices and applications often reuse old versions of development frameworks and software components that contain vulnerabilities. Many server applications today are designed using microservice architectures where components are easier to update. Thus, IoT can benefit from deploying microservices in the fog as it offers the required flexibility for the main players of ubiquitous computing: nomadic users. In such deployments, IoT devices need the dynamic instantiation of microservices. IoT microservices require certificates so they can be accessed securely. Thus, every microservice instance may require a newly-created domain name and a certificate. The DNS-based Authentication of Named Entities (DANE) extension to Domain Name System Security Extensions (DNSSEC) allows linking a certificate to a given domain name. Thus, the combination of DNSSEC and DANE provides microservices’ clients with secure information regarding the domain name, IP address, and server certificate of a given microservice. However, IoT microservices may be short-lived since devices can move from one local fog to another, forcing DNSSEC servers to sign zones whenever new changes occur. Considering DNSSEC and DANE were designed to cope with static services, coping with IoT dynamic microservice instantiation can throttle the scalability in the fog. To overcome this limitation, this article proposes a solution that modifies the DNSSEC/DANE signature mechanism using chameleon signatures and defining a new soft delegation scheme. Chameleon signatures are signatures computed over a chameleon hash, which have a property: a secret trapdoor function can be used to compute collisions to the hash. Since the hash is maintained, the signature does not have to be computed again. In the soft delegation schema, DNS servers obtain a trapdoor that allows performing changes in a constrained zone without affecting normal DNS operation. In this way, a server can receive this soft delegation and modify the DNS zone to cope with frequent changes such as microservice dynamic instantiation. Changes in the soft delegated zone are much faster and do not require the intervention of the DNS primary servers of the zone.

Survey on DDoS Attacks and Defense Mechanisms in Cloud and Fog Computing

2019 ◽  
pp. 1927-1951
Author(s):  
Deepali Chaudhary ◽  
Kriti Bhushan ◽  
B.B. Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
Cloud Environment ◽  
Security Issue ◽  
Process Data ◽  
Ddos Attack ◽  
Iot Devices

This article describes how cloud computing has emerged as a strong competitor against traditional IT platforms by offering low-cost and “pay-as-you-go” computing potential and on-demand provisioning of services. Governments, as well as organizations, have migrated their entire or most of the IT infrastructure to the cloud. With the emergence of IoT devices and big data, the amount of data forwarded to the cloud has increased to a huge extent. Therefore, the paradigm of cloud computing is no longer sufficient. Furthermore, with the growth of demand for IoT solutions in organizations, it has become essential to process data quickly, substantially and on-site. Hence, Fog computing is introduced to overcome these drawbacks of cloud computing by bringing intelligence to the edge of the network using smart devices. One major security issue related to the cloud is the DDoS attack. This article discusses in detail about the DDoS attack, cloud computing, fog computing, how DDoS affect cloud environment and how fog computing can be used in a cloud environment to solve a variety of problems.

scholarly journals Towards a Secure and Scalable IoT Infrastructure: A Pilot Deployment for a Smart Water Monitoring System

Technologies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Anthony Overmars ◽  
Sitalakshmi Venkatraman
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring System ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Water Monitoring ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Security Model ◽  
Smart Environment ◽  
Iot Security ◽  
Security Controls ◽  
Smart Water ◽  
Iot Devices

Recent growth in the Internet of Things (IoT) looks promising for realizing a smart environment of the future. However, concerns about the security of IoT devices are escalating as they are inherently constrained by limited resources, heterogeneity, and lack of standard security controls or protocols. Due to their inability to support state-of-the-art secure network protocols and defense mechanisms, standard security solutions are unsuitable for dynamic IoT environments that require large and smart IoT infrastructure deployments. At present, the IoT based smart environment deployments predominantly use cloud-centric approaches to enable continuous and on-demand data exchange that leads to further security and privacy risks. While standard security protocols, such as Virtual Private Networks (VPNs), have been explored for certain IoT environments recently, the implementation models reported have several variations and are not practically scalable for any dynamically scalable IoT deployment. This paper addresses current drawbacks in providing the required flexibility, interoperability, scalability, and low-cost practical viability of a secure IoT infrastructure. We propose an adaptive end-to-end security model that supports the defense requirements for a scalable IoT infrastructure. With low-cost embedded controllers, such as the Raspberry Pi, allowing for the convergence of more sophisticated networking protocols to be embedded at the IoT monitoring interface, we propose a scalable IoT security model integrating both the IoT devices and the controller as one embedded device. Our approach is unique, with a focus on the integration of a security protocol at the embedded interface. In addition, we demonstrate a prototype implementation of our IoT security model for a smart water monitoring system. We believe that our modest first step would instill future research interests in this direction.

scholarly journals An IoT and Fog Computing-Based Monitoring System for Cardiovascular Patients with Automatic ECG Classification Using Deep Neural Networks

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (24) ◽  
pp. 7353
Author(s):  
Jaime A. Rincon ◽  
Solanye Guerra-Ojeda ◽  
Carlos Carrascosa ◽  
Vicente Julian
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Deep Neural Networks ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
Monitoring Systems ◽  
Therapeutic Decision ◽  
Cardiovascular Patients ◽  
Therapeutic Decision Making ◽  
High Level

Telemedicine and all types of monitoring systems have proven to be a useful and low-cost tool with a high level of applicability in cardiology. The objective of this work is to present an IoT-based monitoring system for cardiovascular patients. The system sends the ECG signal to a Fog layer service by using the LoRa communication protocol. Also, it includes an AI algorithm based on deep learning for the detection of Atrial Fibrillation and other heart rhythms. The automatic detection of arrhythmias can be complementary to the diagnosis made by the physician, achieving a better clinical vision that improves therapeutic decision making. The performance of the proposed system is evaluated on a dataset of 8.528 short single-lead ECG records using two merge MobileNet networks that classify data with an accuracy of 90% for atrial fibrillation.

scholarly journals Regenerative and LoRa Based Trooper Monitoring System for Armed Forces

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hema R ◽  
Dathathreya P ◽  
Athitya V ◽  
Anumitha B
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring System ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Border Line ◽  
Medical Supervision

Communication between soldier at border line is crucial. Existing system used for communication between soldiers at border line in military consumes a lot of power. The greatest difficulties in Indian armed forces operation is the Soldiers are not able to do transmission of messages with headquarters base station controller in case of emergency or when needed any help. Also, the current status and location of the soldiers cannot be detected with this system. The proposed methodology gives us Long Range (LoRa) based medical supervision and emplacement trailing and tracking system for soldiers. This type of advanced design can be mounted on the soldier’s shoe to ensure their safety. In case of death of the soldier, the controller intimates to the camp office control along with soldier’s location. The proposed system includes sensors, GPS, and transmission modules, as well as miniaturized wearable physiological equipment. Hence, it is possible to implement a low-cost mechanism to provide needed help in the battlefield.

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