scholarly journals Identify a Spoofing Attack on an In-Vehicle CAN Bus Based on the Deep Features of an ECU Fingerprint Signal

Smart Cities ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-30
Author(s):  
Yun Yang ◽  
Zongtao Duan ◽  
Mark Tehranipoor
Keyword(s):  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Can Bus ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Gate Arrays ◽  
Control Units ◽  
Field Programmable ◽  
Programmable Gate Arrays ◽  
Long Short Term Memory ◽  
High Computational Complexity

An in-vehicle controller area network (CAN) bus is vulnerable because of increased sharing among modern autonomous vehicles and the weak protocol design principle. Spoofing attacks on a CAN bus can be difficult to detect and have the potential to enable devastating attacks. To effectively identify spoofing attacks, we propose the authentication of sender identities using a recurrent neural network with long short-term memory units (RNN-LSTM) based on the features of a fingerprint signal. We also present a way to generate the analog fingerprint signals of electronic control units (ECUs) to train the proposed RNN-LSTM classifier. The proposed RNN-LSTM model is accelerated on embedded Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) to allow for real-time detection despite high computational complexity. A comparison of experimental results with the latest studies demonstrates the capability of the proposed RNN-LSTM model and its potential as a solution to in-vehicle CAN bus security.

scholarly journals RISC Conversions for LNS Arithmetic in Embedded Systems

Mathematics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 1208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Drahoš ◽  
Michal Kocúr ◽  
Oto Haffner ◽  
Erik Kučera ◽  
Alena Kozáková
Keyword(s):  
Embedded Systems ◽  
Number System ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Gate Arrays ◽  
Time Control ◽  
Camera Systems ◽  
Control Units ◽  
Field Programmable ◽  
Programmable Gate Arrays ◽  
Logarithmic Number

The paper presents an original methodology for the implementation of the Logarithmic Number System (LNS) arithmetic, which uses Reduced Instruction Set Computing (RISC). The core of the proposed method is a newly developed algorithm for conversion between LNS and the floating point (FLP) representations named “looping in sectors”, which brings about reduced memory consumption without a loss of accuracy. The resulting effective RISC conversions use only elementary computer operations without the need to employ multiplication, division, or other functions. Verification of the new concept and related developed algorithms for conversion between the LNS and the FLP representations was realized on Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA), and the conversion accuracy was evaluated via simulation. Using the proposed method, a maximum relative conversion error of less than ±0.001% was achieved with a 22-ns delay and a total of 50 slices of FPGA consumed including memory cells. Promising applications of the proposed method are in embedded systems that are expanding into increasingly demanding applications, such as camera systems, lidars and 2D/3D image processing, neural networks, car control units, autonomous control systems that require more computing power, etc. In embedded systems for real-time control, the developed conversion algorithm can appear in two forms: as RISC conversions or as a simple RISC-based logarithmic addition.

Design of EMB-Based Moore FSMs

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (07) ◽  
pp. 1750125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Kołopieńczyk ◽  
Larysa Titarenko ◽  
Alexander Barkalov
Keyword(s):  
Control Unit ◽  
Logic Circuits ◽  
Embedded Memory ◽  
Complexity Of Algorithms ◽  
Gate Arrays ◽  
Control Units ◽  
Finite State ◽  
Field Programmable ◽  
Programmable Gate Arrays ◽  
Effective Use

The complexity of algorithms implemented in digital systems grows. Methods are developed for most effective use of both hardware resources and energy. For engineers the problem of hardware resources optimization in design of control units is still an important issue. The standard way of implementing the control unit as a finite-state machine (FSM) is not satisfactory as it consumes considerable amounts of field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA) resources. This paper is devoted to the design of a Moore FSM in FPGA structure using look-up tables and embedded memory blocks (EMB) elements. The problem background is discussed. The method of the design of Moore FSM logic circuits with EMB based on splitting the set of logical conditions and the encoding of logical conditions is presented. Examples of design and research results are given.

scholarly journals Reduction in the number of LUT elements for control units with code sharing

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 751-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Barkalov ◽  
Larysa Titarenko ◽  
Jacek Bieganowski
Keyword(s):  
Field Programmable Gate Arrays ◽  
Logic Circuits ◽  
Embedded Memory ◽  
Gate Arrays ◽  
Look Up Table ◽  
Control Units ◽  
Linear Chains ◽  
Code Sharing ◽  
Field Programmable ◽  
Programmable Gate Arrays

Reduction in the number of LUT elements for control units with code sharingTwo methods are proposed targeted at reduction in the number of look-up table elements in logic circuits of compositional microprogram control units (CMCUs) with code sharing. The methods assume the application of field-programmable gate arrays for the implementation of the combinational part of the CMCU, whereas embedded-memory blocks are used for implementation of its control memory. Both methods are based on the existence of classes of pseudoequivalent operational linear chains in a microprogram to be implemented. Conditions for the application of the proposed methods and examples of design are shown. Results of conducted experiments are given.

scholarly journals FPGA-Based Controller for a Hybrid Grid-Connected PV/Wind/Battery Power System with AC Load

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 2108
Author(s):  
Mohamed Yassine Allani ◽  
Jamel Riahi ◽  
Silvano Vergura ◽  
Abdelkader Mami
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Hybrid System ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Field Programmable Gate Arrays ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
Hybrid Energy ◽  
Gate Arrays ◽  
Field Programmable ◽  
Programmable Gate Arrays

The development and optimization of a hybrid system composed of photovoltaic panels, wind turbines, converters, and batteries connected to the grid, is first presented. To generate the maximum power, two maximum power point tracker controllers based on fuzzy logic are required and a battery controller is used for the regulation of the DC voltage. When the power source varies, a high-voltage supply is incorporated (high gain DC-DC converter controlled by fuzzy logic) to boost the 24 V provided by the DC bus to the inverter voltage of about 400 V and to reduce energy losses to maximize the system performance. The inverter and the LCL filter allow for the integration of this hybrid system with AC loads and the grid. Moreover, a hardware solution for the field programmable gate arrays-based implementation of the controllers is proposed. The combination of these controllers was synthesized using the Integrated Synthesis Environment Design Suite software (Version: 14.7, City: Tunis, Country: Tunisia) and was successfully implemented on Field Programmable Gate Arrays Spartan 3E. The innovative design provides a suitable architecture based on power converters and control strategies that are dedicated to the proposed hybrid system to ensure system reliability. This implementation can provide a high level of flexibility that can facilitate the upgrade of a control system by simply updating or modifying the proposed algorithm running on the field programmable gate arrays board. The simulation results, using Matlab/Simulink (Version: 2016b, City: Tunis, Country: Tunisia, verify the efficiency of the proposed solution when the environmental conditions change. This study focused on the development and optimization of an electrical system control strategy to manage the produced energy and to coordinate the performance of the hybrid energy system. The paper proposes a combined photovoltaic and wind energy system, supported by a battery acting as an energy storage system. In addition, a bi-directional converter charges/discharges the battery, while a high-voltage gain converter connects them to the DC bus. The use of a battery is useful to compensate for the mismatch between the power demanded by the load and the power generated by the hybrid energy systems. The proposed field programmable gate arrays (FPGA)-based controllers ensure a fast time response by making control executable in real time.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document