scholarly journals NMR Tracing of Food Geographical Origin: The Impact of Seasonality, Cultivar and Production Year on Data Analysis

Separations ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 230
Author(s):  
Olimpia Masetti ◽  
Angela Sorbo ◽  
Luigi Nisini
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Soil Composition ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
The Impact

The traceability of typical foodstuffs is necessary to protect high quality of traditional products. It is well-known that several factors could influence metabolites content in certified foods, but soil composition, altitude, latitude and coded production protocols constitute the territorial conditions responsible for the peculiar organoleptic and nutritional properties of labelled foods. Instead, regardless of origin, seasonality, cultivar, collection year can affect all agricultural products, so it is appropriate to include them in data analysis in order to obtain a correct interpretation of the differences linked to growing areas alone. Therefore, it is useful to use a flexible all-round technique, and NMR spectroscopy coupled with multivariate statistical analysis is considered a powerful means of assessing food authenticity. The purpose of this review is to investigate the relevance of year, cultivar, and seasonal period in the determination of food geographical origin using NMR spectroscopy. The strategy for testing these three factors may differ from author to author, but a preliminary study of cultivar or collection year effects on NMR spectra is the most popular method before starting the geographical characterization of samples. In summary, based on the available literature, the most significant influence is due to cultivar, followed by harvesting year, however seasonality is not considered a source of variability in data analysis.

1H NMR Spectroscopy for Determination of the Geographical Origin of Hazelnuts

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (44) ◽  
pp. 11873-11879 ◽  
Author(s):  
René Bachmann ◽  
Sven Klockmann ◽  
Johanna Haerdter ◽  
Markus Fischer ◽  
Thomas Hackl
Keyword(s):  
Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
1H Nmr ◽  
1H Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Geographical Origin

scholarly journals Application of Multidimensional Statistical Analysis in Tribotechnical Diagnostics of Hydraulic Fluids in Woodworking Equipment

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 4628
Author(s):  
Michaela Hnilicová ◽  
Ján Turis ◽  
Richard Hnilica
Keyword(s):  
Data Matrix ◽  
Multivariate Statistical Methods ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Machine Maintenance ◽  
Hydraulic Fluids ◽  
Quantitative Characteristics ◽  
Friction Surfaces ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Characteristics

The article dealt with the assessment of the quality of hydraulic oil and determination of the mode of wear of the friction surfaces of Baljer & Zembrod manipulating lines through the information traces in the oils by applying tribotechnical diagnostics. We presented the assessment of the level of degradation of the oils. In addition, we presented the mode of wear of the friction surfaces washed in oil through evaluation of the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the particles found in the oil. In detail, we focused on the application of suitable multivariate statistical methods on the data matrix. The article also presents predictive models that can sort oils into groups based on the assessment of quality of the oil and the state of the friction couples. The models can be used in research and in solving practical tasks in tribotechnical diagnostics of hydraulic fluids in woodworking equipment. Our results showed that the manipulation lines were greatly thermically stressed due to inadequate oil and machine maintenance. By correlative integration of all methods used, we could determine the real mode of the wear of the tribologic nodes of the machine. The experiment enabled the early detection of an undesirable process in the tribological node and implementation of corrective measures before the machine would break down.

scholarly journals Impact of hydromorphological pressures on the macrophytes bioindicators of the ecological water quality in Mediterranean rivers

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maissour Abdellah ◽  
Benamar Saad
Keyword(s):  
Reference Lists ◽  
Biotic Indices ◽  
Indicator Values ◽  
Mediterranean Rivers ◽  
Indicator Taxa ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Indicator Systems ◽  
Macrophyte Index

One of the important tools to evaluate the ecological quality of surface water is the Macrophytes indices based on the bioindication capacity of aquatic plants. In Mediterranean rivers (France, Spain, and Portugal), the development of some macrophytes indices like l’Indice Biologique Macrophytes Rivières (IBMR), the biological metric score (BMS), as well as the Fluvial Macrophyte Index (IMF) are founded on the determination of the indicator values of the floristic reference lists. The aim of this study was to test the impact of the eco-Mediterranean differences (from one country to another) on the indicator taxa by comparing the indicator values of the Euro‐ Mediterranean macrophyte indices. With this in mind, we explore the possibility of the introduction of the Euro‐Mediterranean macrophytes-based indices in Morocco (i.e. the hydrological basin of Sebou (HBS)) as a part of a preliminary attempt to develop the first Afro-Mediterranean macrophyte index. We confirm that the ecological amplitude and species optima vary between Mediterranean ecoregions, and indicator taxa differ between countries: There are medium to small correlations between Mediterranean indices: IBMR/BMS (p = 0.000, R2 = 0.57), IMF/BMS (p = 0.000, R2 = 0.34), and IBMR/IMF (p = 0.000, R2 = 0.30). Five species exhibit major differences in indicator values: Zannichelliapalustris and Potamogetonpectinatus have more eutrophic indicator values in France (IBMR) than in Spain (IMF). Potamogetonnodosus, Amblystegiumriparium and Lycopuseuropaeus have broader ecological amplitudes in Portugal (BMS) than in France (IBMR) and in Spain (IMF), where it is restricted to eutrophic conditions. Furthermore, the three indicator systems include different indicator-taxon numbers. The comparison of the HBS elaborated list with the Euro‐Mediterranean indices revealed the low level of common taxa approximately 6.76% of all indicator species used in the French index (IBMR), 10.48% in the Portuguese index (IMF) and 12.38% in the Spanish index (BMS). These results show the inadequacy of the trophic indices approach with the HBS conditions and thus the need for the development of an index based on biotic indices approach.

scholarly journals Energy and Exergy Analyses of Stirling Engine using CFD Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-123
Author(s):  
Sherihan El- Ghafour ◽  
Nady Mikhael ◽  
Mohamed El- Ghandour
Keyword(s):  
Energy Analysis ◽  
Stirling Engine ◽  
Recovery Processes ◽  
Energy And Exergy ◽  
Main Driver ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Exergy Analyses ◽  
Comprehensive Characterization

A comprehensive characterization of the GPU-3 Stirling engine losses with the aid of the CFD approach is presented. Firstly, a detailed description of the losses-related phenomena along with the method of calculating each type of loss are addressed. Secondly, an energy analysis of the engine is carried out in order to specify the impact of each type of losses on the performance. Finally, the design effectivity of each component of the engine is investigated using an exergy analysis. The results reveal that the hysteresis loss occurs mainly within the working spaces due to the flow jetting during the first part of the expansion strokes. Additionally, the pressure difference between the working spaces is the main driver for the flow leakage through the appendix gap. The exposure of the displacer top wall to the jet of hot gas flowing into the expansion space during expansion stroke essentially increases the shuttle heat loss. A new definition for the regenerator effectiveness is presented to assess the quality of the heat storage and recovery processes. The energy analysis shows that regenerator thermal loss and pumping power represent the largest part of the engine losses by about 9.2% and 7.5% of the heat input, respectively. The exergy losses within regenerator and cold space are the highest values among the components, consequently, they need to be redesigned.

The issue of "oil shrinkage" during the compounding of oils in the processes of production, collection, preparation and transportation of hydrocarbon raw materials

2021 ◽  
pp. 104-113
Author(s):  
O. P. Deryugina ◽  
E. A. Trapeznikov
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Colloidal System ◽  
Main Pipelines ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Mixed Oil

The article discusses the issue of industrial compounding, which improves the quality of the raw materials supplied to the main pipelines. Compounding from "to compound" (English) - to mix. When mixing different types of oil obtained, "incompatibility" is possible, which is expressed in the precipitation of a solid sediment and violation of the stability of the colloidal system and due to the differing properties of oils. Attention to this problem is due to the tightening of requirements for the quality of raw materials that must comply with modern standards. The article discusses the causes of the problem of "incompatibility" of oil during compounding and effective ways of solving it, substantiates the need for a preliminary study of the properties of mixed oil in order to identify possible incompatibility of various types of oil. The standard tests for determination of incompatibility indices characterizing the ability of raw materials to mix are considered. The article substantiates the need to develop methods for diagnosing the incompatibility of oils as the most important task of modern chemical science, the solution of which will improve the quality of the raw material obtained and solve many technological problems in the compounding process.

Dynamic-SoS: An Approach for the Simulation of Systems-of-Systems Dynamic Architectures

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 709-731
Author(s):  
Wallace Manzano ◽  
Valdemar Vicente Graciano Neto ◽  
Elisa Yumi Nakagawa
Keyword(s):  
Architectural Design ◽  
Systems Of Systems ◽  
Dynamic Architecture ◽  
Design Time ◽  
Operation Results ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Reconfiguration Controller

Abstract Systems-of-Systems (SoS) combine heterogeneous, independent systems to offer complex functionalities for highly dynamic smart applications. Besides their dynamic architecture with continuous changes at runtime, SoS should be reliable and work without interrupting their operation and with no failures that could cause accidents or losses. SoS architectural design should facilitate the prediction of the impact of architectural changes and potential failures due to SoS behavior. However, existing approaches do not support such evaluation. Hence, these systems have been usually built without a proper evaluation of their architecture. This article presents Dynamic-SoS, an approach to predict/anticipate at design time the SoS architectural behavior at runtime to evaluate whether the SoS can sustain their operation. The main contributions of this approach comprise: (i) characterization of the dynamic architecture changes via a set of well-defined operators; (ii) a strategy to automatically include a reconfiguration controller for SoS simulation; and (iii) a means to evaluate architectural configurations that an SoS could assume at runtime, assessing their impact on the viability of the SoS operation. Results of our case study reveal Dynamic-SoS is a promising approach that could contribute to the quality of SoS by enabling prior assessment of its dynamic architecture.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Impact of Sewage Storage Ponds on the Water Environment in Surrounding Area

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Kairat Ospanov ◽  
Timur Rakhimov ◽  
Menlibai Myrzakhmetov ◽  
Dariusz Andraka
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Groundwater Aquifer ◽  
Sewage Ponds ◽  
Basic Quality ◽  
The Impact

The paper presents the results of research on the environmental impact of sewage ponds serving the city of Kostanay (Kazakhstan). The scope of the research included the determination of basic quality parameters of raw and treated wastewater, an analysis of the chemical composition of groundwater in the vicinity of sewage ponds, and the analysis of the water quality of the Tobol River. The obtained results indicate that sewage from storage ponds, infiltrating into the ground, caused groundwater pollution in the area of about 100 km2 around the reservoirs. Due to the fact that the groundwater aquifer in the vicinity of sewage ponds feeds the Tobol River, it also affects water quality in the river, which does not meet the requirements for most of the analyzed parameters.

scholarly journals Investigating the Impact of Anthropogenic and Natural Sources of Pollution on Quality of Water in Upper Indus Basin (UIB) by Using Multivariate Statistical Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mansoor A. Baluch ◽  
Hashim Nisar Hashmi
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Multivariate Statistical Analysis ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Anthropogenic Source ◽  
Indus River ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
The Impact

Water quality of the Indus River around the upper basin and the main river was evaluated with the help of statistical analysis. In order to analyze the similarities and dissimilarities for identifying the spatial variations in water quality of the Indus River and sources of contamination, multivariate statistical analysis, i.e., principle component analysis (PCA), cluster analysis, and descriptive analysis, was done. Data of 8 physicochemical quality parameters from 64 sampling stations belonging to 6 regions (labeled as M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, and M6) were used for analysis. The parameters used for assessing the water quality were pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), oxygen reducing potential (ORP), electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), salinity (%), and concentration of arsenic (As) and lead (Pb), respectively. PCA assisted in extracting and recognizing the responsible variation factors of water quality over the region, and the results showed three underlying factors including anthropogenic source pollution along with runoff due to rain and soil erosion were responsible for explaining the 93.87% of total variance. The parameters which were significantly influenced by anthropogenic impact are DO, EC, TDS (negative), and concentration of Pb (positive), while the concentration of As, % salinity, and ORP are affected by erosion and runoff due to rain. The worst pollution situation for regions M1 and M6 was due to the concentration of As which was approximately 400 μg/l (i.e., 40 times higher than minimum WHO recommendation). Furthermore, the results also indicated that, in the Indus River, three monitoring stations and five quality parameters are sufficient to have a reasonable confidence about the quality of water in this most important reserve of Pakistan.

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