scholarly journals Progress in Life Cycle Impact Assessment: Water Vapor Emissions and Respiratory Inorganics

Sci ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Anders Andrae
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle Impact Assessment ◽  
Common Knowledge ◽  
Impact Category ◽  
Air Transport ◽  
Life Cycle Impact ◽  
Vapor Emissions

Life cycle assessment (LCA) is being included formally in EcoDesign regulations. Especially product carbon footprint will be mandatory in Europe. However, life cycle impact assessment, including global warming potential (GWP) in LCA, is hampered by several challenges. One of these is a lack of water vapor characterization indexes for GWP. A life cycle inventory profile for air transport fuel, including water vapor emissions, is evaluated with state-of-the-art practice, i.e., Environmental Footprint (EF) Method and International Life Cycle Data (ILCD) 2011 Mid-point+, neglecting water vapor’s high altitude GWP compared to carbon dioxide. Then, the characterization factor in GWP over 100 years (GWP100) for water vapor and alternate normalization for particulates are introduced. The results are compared. The main findings are that the previous EF method and ILCD both generate rather realistic results for Particulate Matter and Respiratory Inorganics mid-point indicators, respectively, but the number of premature deaths should be better allocated to different specific emissions, and that water vapor may dominate the GWP100 result over the usual carbon dioxide. Respiratory inorganics may need one impact category, each starting with particles smaller than 2.5 µm. LCIA mid-points need measurable and understandable bases. The common knowledge of water vapor’s GWP100 should not be neglected in LCIA for air transport and beyond where relevant.

scholarly journals DAMPAK PROSES PENGOLAHAN AIR BERSIH TERHADAP LINGKUNGAN

Heuristic ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Andrian ◽  
Desrina Yusi Irawati
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle Impact Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle Inventory ◽  
Life Cycle Impact ◽  
Goal And Scope

Penggunaan  polimer, koagulan, alum, dan gas klorin pada proses penjernihan air akan mengakibatkan dampak lingkungan. Pendekatan yang dapat digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi dan menganalisa dampak lingkungan adalah dengan metode Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). LCA  terdiri dari empat tahapan utama, yaitu goal and scope, Life Cycle Inventory (LCI), Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA), dan Interpretation. Berdasarkan proses software SimaPro 7 metode Impact 2002+, bagian dalam proses pengolahan air yang menimbulkan dampak lingkungan paling besar adalah penggunaan natural gas. Penggunaan natural gas atau listrik per 1 kg air menyebabkan dampak lingkungan non-renewable energy sebesar 5,55E-9 Pt dan pemanasan global sebesar 4,66E-9 Pt. Penggunaan natural gas yang menyebabkan dampak non-renewable energy adalah ketersediaan gas (6E-9 Pt), minyak (7,66E-10 Pt), dan uranium (3,52E-10 Pt) pada tanah semakin berkurang. Penggunaan natural gas yang menyebabkan dampak pemanasan global adalah carbon dioxide hasil pembakaran bahan bakar fosil (5,46E-9 Pt). Besarnya penggunaan listrik pada proses pengolahan air bersih di IPAM disebabkan jarak pengambilan air cukup jauh dan peralatan yang sudah tua.Kata kunci: air, Instalasi Pengolahan Air Minum, Life Cycle Assessment

scholarly journals Comparative Life Cycle Impact Assessment between the Productions of Zinc from Conventional Concentrates Versus Waelz Oxides Obtained from Slags

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 580
Author(s):  
Voicu-Teodor Muica ◽  
Alexandru Ozunu ◽  
Zoltàn Török
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle Impact Assessment ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Process Data ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Zinc Metal ◽  
Real Process ◽  
Life Cycle Impact

(1) Background: The importance of Zinc in today’s world can hardly be exaggerated—from anticorrosion properties, to its durability, aesthetic, and even medicinal uses—zinc is ever-present in our daily lives ever since its discovery in ancient times. The natural, essential, durable, and recyclable features of zinc make it a prized material with uses in many applications across a wide array of fields. The purpose of this study was to compare two life cycle impact assessments of zinc production by using two different main raw materials: (A) zinc concentrates (sulfide ore) and (B) Waelz oxides (obtained through recycling existing imperial smelting process furnace slags). The Waelz oxide scenario was based on a case study regarding the existing slag deposit located in Copsa Mica town, Sibiu county, Romania. (2) Methods: consequential life cycle impact assessment methods were applied to each built system, with real process data obtained from the case study enterprise. (3) Results: Overall, the use of slags in the Waelz kiln to produce zinc oxides for use in the production of zinc metal is beneficial to the environment in some areas (acidification, water, and terrestrial eutrophication), whereas in other areas it has a slightly larger impact (climate change, photochemical ozone formation, and ozone depletion). (4) Conclusions: The use of slags (considered a waste) is encouraged to produce zinc metal, where available. The results are not absolute, suggesting the further need for fine-tuning the input data and other process parameters.

Life Cycle Impact Assessment and Allocation Methods Development for Cheese and Whey Processing

2012 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 613-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. Aguirre-Villegas ◽  
F. X. Milani ◽  
S. Kraatz ◽  
D. J. Reinemann
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle Impact Assessment ◽  
Methods Development ◽  
Life Cycle Impact ◽  
Allocation Methods
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