scholarly journals A Study on Hybrid Sensor Technology in Winter Road Assessment

Safety ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Aleksander Pedersen ◽  
Tanita F. Brustad
Keyword(s):  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Complete Characterization ◽  
Sensor Technology ◽  
Road Maintenance ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Heavy Haul ◽  
Winter Road

Road conditions during the winter months in Nordic countries can be highly unstable. Slippery roads combined with heavy haul traffic and ordinary road users can create dangerous, even lethal, situations if road maintenance is unsuccessful. Accidents and critical road conditions may lead to blocked roads, putting strain on a limited number of main roads in many regions, and may in the worst case isolate areas entirely. Using sensors in winter road assessment has been a popular topic for over 20 years. However, with today’s developments connected to smaller and cheaper sensors, new opportunities are presenting themselves. In this study, we performed preliminary experiments on a variety of sensors, both commercial and experimental, to evaluate their benefits in possible hybrid sensor technology, which can give a more complete characterization of the road surface than what is possible from just one sensor. From the collected data and visual analysis of the results, the idea of a hybrid sensor seems promising when considering the differences in the tested sensors and how they may complement each other.

scholarly journals Assessment model of levels for winter road maintenance

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomas Ratkevičius ◽  
Alfredas Laurinavičius
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Road Maintenance ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Winter Road ◽  
Winter Time ◽  
National Significance ◽  
Winter Road Maintenance

The limited funding for the road industry leads to economizing in the planning of road network maintenance, to identifying the appropriate priorities of the activities with the greatest benefit for the society. The level of maintenance is the direct assessment of the road operation and maintenance service provided to the road users; it directly affects the road maintenance and for road users costs the better is road maintenance, the road users incur the fewerexpenses and vice versa. Insufficient road maintenance in the winter time causes not only the danger of traffic accidents but also worsens the driving conditions, increases the fuel consumption, vehicle depreciation, transportation becomes more expensive. Many results of studies showed that the current choice of maintenance levels in the winter time taking into account only the road category and traffic volume does not ensure the indicators of the most advanced world countries and road functional purpose. The principle of the minimal expenses for the society should be the main criterion in identifying the optimal levels of winter road maintenance. The experience of Lithuania and foreign countries helped in creating the model of assessment of winter maintenance levels for Lithuanian roads of national significance, which can be applied in the other foreign countries as well. This model could be an effective tool for the selection of the optimal maintenance levels, which would economically substantiate the winter road maintenance strategy, that best corresponds to the needs of the society.

scholarly journals A Geostatistical Investigation into the Effective Spatiotemporal Coverage of Road Weather Information Systems in Alberta, Canada

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Xu Wang ◽  
Lian Gu ◽  
Tae J. Kwon ◽  
Tony Z. Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Road Maintenance ◽  
The Road ◽  
Weather Information ◽  
Geostatistical Approach ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
Winter Road ◽  
Winter Road Maintenance

Inclement weather acutely affects road surface and driving conditions and can negatively impact traffic mobility and safety. Highway authorities have long been using road weather information systems (RWISs) to mitigate the risk of adverse weather on traffic. The data gathered, processed, and disseminated by such systems can improve both the safety of the traveling public as well as the effectiveness of winter road maintenance operations. As the road authorities continue to invest in expanding their existing RWIS networks, there is a growing need to determine the optimal deployment strategies for RWISs. To meet such demand, this study presents an innovative geostatistical approach to quantitatively analyze the spatiotemporal variations of the road weather and surface conditions. With help of constructed semivariograms, this study quantifies and examines both the spatial and temporal coverage of RWIS data. A case study of Alberta, which is one of the leaders in Canada in the use of RWISs, was conducted to indicate the reliability and applicability of the method proposed herein. The findings of this research offer insight for constructing a detailed spatiotemporal RWIS database to manage and deploy different types of RWISs, optimize winter road maintenance resources, and provide timely information on inclement road weather conditions for the traveling public.

Internal Variable Modeling of the Creep of Monolithic Ceramics

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles S. White ◽  
Radwan M. Hazime
Keyword(s):  
Grain Boundaries ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Internal Variable ◽  
Complete Characterization ◽  
Tensile Creep ◽  
Internal Variables ◽  
Variable Model ◽  
The Road ◽  
Monolithic Ceramics

Abstract Ceramics are assuming an important role for use in power generation. One of the road blocks is a complete characterization of the deformation and life of advanced ceramics at elevated temperatures. Substantial high temperature creep testing has been conducted in recent years. Most commonly, Norton’s law for deformation and the Monkman-Grant relationship for failure have been used to correlate test data. In this paper, internal variable modeling is discussed as an alternative to Norton’s Law/Monkman-Grant. Through the use of internal variables, micromodeling of the important mechanisms can be extended to the macroscopic behavior. Also, the effects of simultaneous or competing phenomena can be considered. An example is the growth of lenticular cavities on the two grain boundaries of certain silicon nitrides while the grain boundaries are crystallizing. The results of a preliminary internal variable model for HIPed silicon nitride is presented and compared with tensile creep experiments.

Winter Road Condition Recognition Using Video Image Classification

1998 ◽  
Vol 1627 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Kuehnle ◽  
Wilco Burghout
Keyword(s):  
Network Architecture ◽  
Video Camera ◽  
Road Maintenance ◽  
Video Cameras ◽  
The Road ◽  
Weather Information ◽  
Road Condition ◽  
Maintenance Decisions ◽  
Winter Road ◽  
Hidden Neurons

Sweden spends 1.7 billion Crowns on winter road maintenance annually. A large part of this money goes into plowing, salting, and sanding of the roads. The decision about what maintenance to perform is made, in part, based on data received from road weather information stations, some of which are also equipped with video cameras. These video cameras form an additional unexploited sensor for determining the road condition during winter. Images taken from a handheld roadside video camera are investigated here to see if it is possible to determine the road state (dry, wet, snowy, icy, snowy with tracks) from the video images alone. The system is intended to supplement the other weather station measurements, such as temperature and wind speed, and make better maintenance decisions and quality control of maintenance possible. The results indicate that it is possible to distinguish between all road states except for ice/wet and ice/tracks. Typical class separations are a Mahanalobis distance between 0 and 2. Neural networks with three or four input features, three to five hidden neurons, and a sigmoid-sigmoid-linear architecture are used to classify the road state. Rates of correct classification are typically 40 to 50 percent with these networks. There are useful feature combinations, including purely monochrome features, which do not depend on the network architecture.

scholarly journals Analyses of Spatial and Temporal Variations of Salt Concentration in Waterbodies Based on High Resolution Measurements Using Sensors

Hydrology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Rohan Benjankar ◽  
Ravin Kafle ◽  
Shanti Satyal ◽  
Nirajan Adhikari
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Salt Concentration ◽  
Urban Stream ◽  
Sensor Technology ◽  
Road Maintenance ◽  
Spring Season ◽  
Parking Lot ◽  
Winter Road ◽  
Winter Road Maintenance

Studies have shown that salt concentrations are increasing in waterbodies such as lakes, rivers, wetlands, and streams in areas where deicers are commonly applied for winter road maintenance, resulting in degraded water quality. As the salt concentration varies spatially and temporally based on environmental and hydrological characteristics, we monitored high resolution (15 min) salt concentrations for a relatively long period (winter and spring season) at different sites (i.e., stream, urban-stream, roadside drain, and parking-lot drain) using multiple electric conductivity-based sensors. The salt concentrations were significantly different from each other considering individual sensors and different sites in both winter and spring seasons, which support past research results that concentration varies spatially. Parking-lot (1136 ± 674 ppm) and Roadside (701 ± 263 ppm) drain measured significantly higher concentration than for Stream (260 ± 60 ppm) and Urban-stream (562 ± 266 ppm) in the winter season. Similar trends were observed for the spring season, however, the mean concentrations were lower in the spring. Furthermore, salt concentrations were significantly higher during the winter (242 ± 47 ppm to 1695 ± 629 ppm) than for the spring (140 ± 23 ppm to 863 ± 440 ppm) season considering different sites, which have been attributed to the winter snow maintenance practice using deicers in past studies. All sites exceed the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) threshold (salt concentration higher than 230 mg/L) for chronic exposure level for 59% to 94% and 10% to 83% of days in winter and spring seasons, respectively. The study has highlighted the usefulness and advantages of high resolution (spatially and temporally) salt concentration measurement using sensor technology. Furthermore, the salt concentration in waterbodies can vary spatially and temporally within a small spatial scale, which may be important information for managing water quality locally. The high resolution measurements (i.e., 15 min) were helpful to capture the highest potential salt concentrations in the waterbody. Therefore, the sensor technology can help to measure high resolution salt concentrations, which can be used to quantify impacts of high salt concentrations, e.g., application of deicer for winter road maintenance on aquatic systems based on the criteria developed by USEPA.

Evaluation Of Major Causes Of Road Accidents Along North–East Highway, Nigeria

2015 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arafat Suleiman Yero ◽  
Tijanni Y Ahmed ◽  
Mohd Rosli Hainin
Keyword(s):  
Road Traffic ◽  
Road Accident ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Road Maintenance ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
The Road ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Road Users

A major road link in the North-Eastern region of Nigeria is the Bauchi – Maiduguri highway that is a 425 km road that links a section of the north east region to other regions of Nigeria. The goods and services to the region are basically transported by road.  This has increased vehicular traffic that resulted in increased road accident rates over the years.  It is paramount to investigate the major causes of vehicle accidents on this highway as much has not been done to investigate accident cases on the route. The five year accident record on that route was obtained from the Federal Road Safety Corp of Nigeria,   the Nigeria Police traffic unit, and the Nigeria union of road traffic workers. The study indicated that speed violation by drivers and bad road conditions contributes greatly in the rate of accidents along the route. Hence the study recommends better road maintenance culture and more sensitization of the road users and enforcement of speed limits.

Before-and-After Empirical Bayes Evaluation of Achieving Bare Pavement using Anti-Icing on Urban Roads

2020 ◽  
Vol 2674 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-101
Author(s):  
Maged Gouda ◽  
Karim El-Basyouny
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Bayes ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Road Maintenance ◽  
The Road ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Deicing Chemicals ◽  
Winter Road ◽  
Nonfatal Injury ◽  
Ice Control ◽  
Snow And Ice

Canadian municipalities are increasingly choosing to achieve bare pavement (BP) for snow and ice control during fall/winter seasons. When a snowstorm event is forecasted, one strategy is to apply anti-icing chemicals to the pavement surface to prevent the snow and ice from forming a bond with the road surface. Such an approach facilitates a more efficient plowing operation and reduces the amount of deicing chemicals needed to achieve BP. This study assesses the safety performance of achieving BP using anti-icing compared with the traditional reactive winter road maintenance (WRM) approach on urban roads using the before-and-after Empirical Bayes technique. Results suggest that achieving BP significantly reduces all collision types and severities on midblocks with a reduction value in the range of 13.7% to 19.7%. Attaining BP at intersections was found to be very effective in reducing injury collisions with an estimated reduction of 12.5%. When sites were grouped based on a WRM priority-basis, it was found that anti-icing was effective for reducing the majority of collision types and severities at the different priority levels with reductions ranging from 8.7% to 49.83% on midblocks and between 5.37% and 13% at intersections. All reductions were statistically significant. The monetary benefits of the reductions in property-damage only and nonfatal injury collisions were estimated at 60 million Canadian dollars using a 1.92% interest rate and a 2-year service life. These findings provide unequivocal evidence that achieving BP using anti-icing can lead to significant societal safety benefits that economically translate to huge collision cost savings.

scholarly journals Map support of winter road maintenance

Geografie ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 114 (3) ◽  
pp. 218-229
Author(s):  
David Konečný
Keyword(s):  
Road Maintenance ◽  
Winter Maintenance ◽  
The Road ◽  
Weather Information ◽  
Maintenance System ◽  
Road Condition ◽  
System Operator ◽  
Winter Road ◽  
Weather Stations ◽  
Maintenance Activities

The aim of this paper is to present road weather information system and map sources which can be used by winter maintenance system operator to clarify his perception of road meteorological situation in order to be able to take well-founded decision while managing maintenance activities. Presently the so-called status map showing current warnings from road weather stations is the principal map in winter maintenance. In its new version displaying the map of any feature measured by outstations as well as layer handling and zooming will be available. Map outputs of the model forecasting the road condition and temperature are described in the last chapter.

scholarly journals The use of road weather information system data for the forecasts of climatic conditions

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-78
Author(s):  
Alfredas Laurinavičius ◽  
Lina Bertulienė ◽  
Arina Minkevič
Keyword(s):  
Winter Season ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Road Maintenance ◽  
The Road ◽  
Weather Information ◽  
Road Users ◽  
System Data ◽  
Selection Of

The article studies possibility by using the data of the Road Weather Information Systems to forecast the beginning of precipitation on the roads maintained by the state road maintenance enterprises. The article discusses the importance of forecasts both to the road users as well as road maintenance enterprises, especially in a cold period of the year. The hazards caused by meteorological phenomena specific of winter season are presented. Research methodology is described which is based on the speed of movement of clouds carrying precipitation. To calculate speed the theoretical background is given assisting in selection of certain parameters for the determination of this value. Knowing the speed of movement of clouds the forecasts have been made. Results of the forecasts are compared to the real parameters and it is determined in what radius the forecasts are advisable to be made.

scholarly journals KARAKTERISTIK KORIDOR JALAN DITINJAU DARI FISIK RUANG Studi Kasus : Koridor Jalan MT Haryono Kota Kendari

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Fikrani Fadhilla Asha ◽  
Agus Rochani
Keyword(s):  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Physical Space ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Commercial Buildings ◽  
Commercial Building ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Single Function ◽  
Analysis Technique

ABSTRACTUrban economic growth is gradually change the land use from the residential into commercial. This kind of development character could decrease the quality of the physical space and its impact that the cities were losing its’ character. Shop-lined along the road is not good in terms of the aesthetics of the city. These symptoms appear during the difficult of road users to identify their location. The elements in the corridors look physically diverse, random and not unique to easily recognizable because of those problems the need for the study of the physical characteristics of the corridor space Jl. MT Haryono is had to be done which is one of the commercial corridor in Kendari so that it can be seen should be noticed in order to accommodate changes.The method that used in this study is a qualitative method that aims to make a systematic description or picture of the physical characteristics of the corridor space Jl. MT Haryono, stock of knowledge that is presented in the study of the theory does not become limiting the study but is used as an opening insight to recognize the object of research. The analysis technique used is the visual analysis, and descriptive empirical. While the discussion is done by using several approaches. The output generated is the physical characteristics of the corridor space Jl. MT Haryono as seen from the path element, enclosure space, architectural pattern and street trees surrounding the corridor. The research results are influenced by the characteristics of the corridor function ± 80% of commercial buildings including the type of large commercial building plots with a single function or mix-used, and the type of commercial building single row. Commercial buildings represent the value of local distinctiveness and uniqueness in social and economic activities are shown through the decomposing of  the southeast Sulawesi’s custom house.Keywords: Characteristics,Corridor

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