scholarly journals Comparison of Neutron Detection Performance of Four Thin-Film Semiconductor Neutron Detectors Based on Geant4

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (23) ◽  
pp. 7930
Author(s):  
Zhongming Zhang ◽  
Michael D. Aspinall
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
High Energy Physics ◽  
Detection Efficiency ◽  
Collection Efficiency ◽  
Radiation Detectors ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Semiconductor Materials ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Neutron Detectors

Third-generation semiconductor materials have a wide band gap, high thermal conductivity, high chemical stability and strong radiation resistance. These materials have broad application prospects in optoelectronics, high-temperature and high-power equipment and radiation detectors. In this work, thin-film solid state neutron detectors made of four third-generation semiconductor materials are studied. Geant4 10.7 was used to analyze and optimize detectors. The optimal thicknesses required to achieve the highest detection efficiency for the four materials are studied. The optimized materials include diamond, silicon carbide (SiC), gallium oxide (Ga2O3) and gallium nitride (GaN), and the converter layer materials are boron carbide (B4C) and lithium fluoride (LiF) with a natural enrichment of boron and lithium. With optimal thickness, the primary knock-on atom (PKA) energy spectrum and displacements per atom (DPA) are studied to provide an indication of the radiation hardness of the four materials. The gamma rejection capabilities and electron collection efficiency (ECE) of these materials have also been studied. This work will contribute to manufacturing radiation-resistant, high-temperature-resistant and fast response neutron detectors. It will facilitate reactor monitoring, high-energy physics experiments and nuclear fusion research.

scholarly journals Influence of a Surface Finishing Method on Light Collection Behaviour of PWO Scintillator Crystals

Photonics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Rinaldi ◽  
Luigi Montalto ◽  
Michel Lebeau ◽  
Paolo Mengucci
Keyword(s):  
High Energy Physics ◽  
Collection Efficiency ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Light Yield ◽  
Grazing Incidence ◽  
Structural Condition ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Surface Finishing ◽  
Light Collection

In the field of scintillators, high scintillation and light production performance require high-quality crystals. Although the composition and structure of crystals are fundamental in this direction, their ultimate optical performance is strongly dependent on the surface finishing treatment. This paper compares two surface finishing methods in terms of the final structural condition of the surface and the relative light yield performances. The first polishing method is the conventional “Mechanical Diamond Polishing” (MDP) technique. The second polishing technique is a method applied in the electronics industry which is envisaged for finishing the surface treatment of scintillator crystals. This method, named “Chemical Mechanical Polishing” (CMP), is efficient in terms of the cost and material removal rate and is expected to produce low perturbed surface layers, with a possible improvement of the internal reflectivity and, in turn, the light collection efficiency. The two methods have been applied to a lead tungstate PbWO4 (PWO) single crystal due to the wide diffusion of this material in high energy physics (CERN, PANDA project) and diagnostic medical applications. The light yield (LY) values of both the MDP and CMP treated crystals were measured by using the facilities at CERN while their surface structure was investigated by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Grazing Incidence X-ray Diffraction (GID). We present here the corresponding optical results and their relationship with the processing conditions and subsurface structure.

scholarly journals A novel technique to detect special nuclear material using cosmic rays

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Thomay ◽  
P. Baesso ◽  
D. Cussans ◽  
J. Davies ◽  
P. Glaysher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Energy Physics ◽  
Detection Efficiency ◽  
Rate Capability ◽  
Target Volume ◽  
Nuclear Material ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Muon Scattering ◽  
Intrinsic Resolution ◽  
Good Spatial Resolution ◽  
Energy Physics

Abstract. Resistive plate chambers (RPCs) are widely used in high energy physics for both tracking and triggering purposes, due to their excellent time resolution, rate capability, and good spatial resolution. RPCs can be produced cost-effectively on large scales, are of rugged build, and have excellent detection efficiency for charged particles. Our group has successfully built a muon scattering tomography (MST) prototype, using 12 RPCs to obtain tracking information of muons going through a target volume of ∼ 50 cm × 50 cm × 70 cm, reconstructing both the incoming and outgoing muon tracks. The required spatial granularity is achieved by using 330 readout strips per RPC with 1.5 mm pitch. The RPCs have shown an efficiency above 99% and an estimated intrinsic resolution below 1.1 mm. Due to these qualities, RPCs serve as excellent candidates for usage in volcano radiography.

scholarly journals Quality Control and Structural Assessment of Anisotropic Scintillating Crystals

Crystals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigi Montalto ◽  
Pier Natali ◽  
Lorenzo Scalise ◽  
Nicola Paone ◽  
Fabrizio Davì ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
High Energy Physics ◽  
Radiation Detectors ◽  
Structural Condition ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Complete Characterization ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Light Production ◽  
Core Elements ◽  
Stress States

Nowadays, radiation detectors based on scintillating crystals are used in many different fields of science like medicine, aerospace, high-energy physics, and security. The scintillating crystals are the core elements of these devices; by converting high-energy radiation into visible photons, they produce optical signals that can be detected and analyzed. Structural and surface conditions, defects, and residual stress states play a crucial role in their operating performance in terms of light production, transport, and extraction. Industrial production of such crystalline materials is a complex process that requires sensing, in-line and off-line, for material characterization and process control to properly tune the production parameters. Indeed, the scintillators’ quality must be accurately assessed during their manufacture in order to prevent malfunction and failures at each level of the chain, optimizing the production and utilization costs. This paper presents an overview of the techniques used, at various stages, across the crystal production process, to assess the quality and structural condition of anisotropic scintillating crystals. Different inspection techniques (XRD, SEM, EDX, and TEM) and the non-invasive photoelasticity-based methods for residual stress detection, such as laser conoscopy and sphenoscopy, are presented. The use of XRD, SEM, EDX, and TEM analytical methods offers detailed structural and morphological information. Conoscopy and sphenoscopy offer the advantages of fast and non-invasive measurement suitable for the inspection of the whole crystal quality. These techniques, based on different measurement methods and models, provide different information that can be cross-correlated to obtain a complete characterization of the scintillating crystals. Inspection methods will be analyzed and compared to the present state of the art.

Study on Thallium Bromide Radioactive Detector

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
He Li-xia ◽  
Hao Xiao-yong ◽  
He Gao-kui
Keyword(s):  
High Energy Physics ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Detection Efficiency ◽  
Nuclear Material ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Device Fabrication ◽  
Signal Acquisition ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Thallium Bromide ◽  
And Performance

Thallium bromide (TlBr) is a compound semiconductor material, which can be used for X-ray and gamma-ray detectors and can be used at room temperature. It has excellent physical properties, high atomic number and density, wide bandgap (B = 2.68 eV), and low ionization energy. Compared with other X-ray and gamma-ray detection materials, TlBr devices have high detection efficiency and excellent energy resolution performance. So TlBr is suitable for housing in small tubes or shells, and it can be widely used in nuclear material measurement, safeguards verification, national security, space high-energy physics research, and other fields. Based on the fabrication of TlBr prototype detector, this paper focuses on the device fabrication and signal acquisition technology. Gamma-ray spectrum measurements and performance tests are carried out with AM-241 radioactive source. The results show that the special photoelectric peak of 59.5 keV is clearly visible, and the optimal resolution is 4.15 keV (7%).

Investigation of parameters of new MAPD-3NM silicon photomultipliers

2022 ◽  
Vol 17 (01) ◽  
pp. C01001
Author(s):  
F. Ahmadov ◽  
G. Ahmadov ◽  
R. Akbarov ◽  
A. Aktag ◽  
E. Budak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Energy Physics ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Detection Efficiency ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Efficiency Gain ◽  
Space Application ◽  
Silicon Photomultipliers ◽  
Photon Detection ◽  
Photon Detection Efficiency ◽  
Energy Physics

Abstract In the presented work, the parameters of a new MAPD-3NM-II photodiode with buried pixel structure manufactured in cooperation with Zecotek Company are investigated. The photon detection efficiency, gain, capacitance and gamma-ray detection performance of photodiodes are studied. The SPECTRIG MAPD is used to measure the parameters of the MAPD-3NM-II and scintillation detector based on it. The obtained results show that the newly developed MAPD-3NM-II photodiode outperforms its counterparts in most parameters and it can be successfully applied in space application, medicine, high-energy physics and security.

scholarly journals Thin Film Polymer Composite Scintillators for Thermal Neutron Detection

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew N. Mabe ◽  
John D. Auxier ◽  
Matthew J. Urffer ◽  
Stephen A. Young ◽  
Dayakar Penumadu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Thermal Neutron ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Detection Efficiency ◽  
Fluorescence Emission ◽  
Neutron Detection ◽  
Fluorescent Sensors ◽  
Neutron Detectors ◽  
Neutron Detection Efficiency ◽  
Film Polymer

Thin film polystyrene composite scintillators containing LiF6 and organic fluors have been fabricated and tested as thermal neutron detectors. Varying fluorescence emission intensities for different compositions are interpreted in terms of the Beer-Lambert law and indicate that the sensitivity of fluorescent sensors can be improved by incorporating transparent particles with refractive index different than that of the polymer matrix. Compositions and thicknesses were varied to optimize the fluorescence and thermal neutron response and to reduce gamma-ray sensitivity. Neutron detection efficiency and neutron/gamma-ray discrimination are reported herein as functions of composition and thickness. Gamma-ray sensitivity is affected largely by changing thickness and unaffected by the amount of LiF6 in the film. The best neutron/gamma-ray discrimination characteristics are obtained for film thicknesses in the range 25–150 μm.

High-temperature superconductors for electric power and high-energy physics

JOM ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 50 (10) ◽  
pp. 27-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Selvamanickam ◽  
D. W. Hazelton ◽  
L. Motowidlo ◽  
F. Krahula ◽  
J. Hoehn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
High Energy Physics ◽  
High Temperature Superconductors ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Energy Physics

scholarly journals EFFECT OF DEFECTS ORIGINATING UNDER THE PROTON IRRADIATION ON THE ELECTROPHYSICAL AND DETECTOR PROPERTIES OF CdTe:Cl AND CdZnTe

2021 ◽  
pp. 43-50
Author(s):  
A.I. Kondrik
Keyword(s):  
Proton Irradiation ◽  
Collection Efficiency ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Radiation Detectors ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Charge Collection ◽  
Radiation Defects ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Charge Collection Efficiency ◽  
Factors Affecting

The work is dedicated to studying by computer modeling the mechanisms of the influence of radiation defects, originating under high energy proton irradiation, on the resistivity ρ, lifetime of nonequilibrium electrons n and holes p in CdTe:Cl and Cd0.9Zn0.1Te, and charge collection efficiency η of room temperature ionizing radiation detectors based on these materials. The effect of recombination at deep levels of radiation defects on the degradation of n, p, and  of detectors based on CdTe:Cl and Cd0.9Zn0.1Te was studied. Energy levels of radiation defects also substantially effect on compensation degree of semiconductor decreasing ρ. The main factors affecting the abrupt or gradual decrease in the resistivity and charge collection efficiency of these detectors during their bombardment by high-energy protons, leading to complete degradation of their recording ability, were found. The important role of purity and deep donor concentration in initial state of the detector material was indicated.

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