scholarly journals Multisensor Inspection of Laser-Brazed Joints in the Automotive Industry

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (21) ◽  
pp. 7335
Author(s):  
Miguel A. Machado ◽  
Luís S. Rosado ◽  
Nuno M. Mendes ◽  
Rosa M. Miranda ◽  
Telmo G. Santos
Keyword(s):  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Experimental Validation ◽  
Potential Drop ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Inspection System ◽  
Process Variables ◽  
Laser Brazing ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Brazed Joints ◽  
Non Destructive

Automobile laser brazing remains a complex process whose results are affected by several process variables that may result in nonacceptable welds. A multisensory customized inspection system is proposed, with two distinct non-destructive techniques: the potential drop method and eddy current testing. New probes were designed, simulated, produced, and experimentally validated in automobile’s laser-brazed weld beads with artificially introduced defects. The numerical simulations allowed the development of a new four-point probe configuration in a non-conventional orthogonal shape demonstrating a superior performance in both simulation and experimental validation. The dedicated inspection system allowed the detection of porosities, cracks, and lack of bonding defects, demonstrating the redundancy and complementarity these two techniques provide.

scholarly journals New directions for inline inspection of automobile laser welds using non-destructive testing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Araújo Machado ◽  
Luís Filipe Soldado Granadeiro Rosado ◽  
Nuno Alberto Marques Mendes ◽  
Rosa Maria Mendes Miranda ◽  
Telmo Jorge Gomes dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Eddy Current ◽  
Surface Defects ◽  
Inspection System ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
Control Paradigm ◽  
Laser Welds ◽  
Welding Defects ◽  
Surface Welding ◽  
Brazed Joints ◽  
Non Destructive

AbstractAn innovative pilot installation and eddy current testing (ECT) inspection system for laser-brazed joints is presented. The proposed system detects both surface and sub-surface welding defects operating autonomously and integrated with a robotized arm. Customized eddy current probes were designed and experimentally validated detecting pore defects with 0.13 mm diameter and sub-surface defects buried 1 mm deep. The integration of the system and the manufacturing process towards an Industry 4.0 quality control paradigm is also discussed.

scholarly journals Automotive OEM Demand Forecasting: A Comparative Study of Forecasting Algorithms and Strategies

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 6787
Author(s):  
Jože M. Rožanec ◽  
Blaž Kažič ◽  
Maja Škrjanc ◽  
Blaž Fortuna ◽  
Dunja Mladenić
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Demand Management ◽  
Demand Forecasting ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Forecast Errors ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Crucial Component

Demand forecasting is a crucial component of demand management, directly impacting manufacturing companies’ planning, revenues, and actors through the supply chain. We evaluate 21 baseline, statistical, and machine learning algorithms to forecast smooth and erratic demand on a real-world use case scenario. The products’ data were obtained from a European original equipment manufacturer targeting the global automotive industry market. Our research shows that global machine learning models achieve superior performance than local models. We show that forecast errors from global models can be constrained by pooling product data based on the past demand magnitude. We also propose a set of metrics and criteria for a comprehensive understanding of demand forecasting models’ performance.

A Review of Process Tomography Application in Inspection System

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasmin Abdul Wahab ◽  
Ruzairi Abdul Rahim ◽  
Mohd Hafiz Fazlul Rahiman ◽  
Herlina Abdul Rahim ◽  
Suzanna Ridzuan Aw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Impedance ◽  
Optical Tomography ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Inspection System ◽  
Ultrasonic Tomography ◽  
Impedance Tomography ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Process Tomography ◽  
Non Destructive

The inspection system is crucial to ensure the system is always in a good condition. A technique that can be used for inspection system is process tomography. By promising non-destructive approach; various types of process tomography applied in civil, manufacturing and electrical applications. The purpose of this paper is to review the types of process tomography such as ultrasonic tomography, x-ray tomography, optical tomography, electrical resistance tomography, and electrical impedance tomography that had been applied to the inspection system. Variety techniques of inspection based on those sensors briefly discussed in this paper. The result showed that the process tomography expanded tremendously in the inspection system. Finally, a potential future research on the inspection system in the civil application proposed in this paper.

X-ray inspection and Six-Sigma in analysis of LED thermal pad coverage

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Dziurdzia ◽  
Janusz Mikolajek
Keyword(s):  
Six Sigma ◽  
Vapour Phase ◽  
Inspection System ◽  
Solder Paste ◽  
Process Variables ◽  
Reflow Soldering ◽  
Content Type ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Solder Pastes ◽  
Free Solder

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to evaluate selected methods of reduction voidings in lead-free solder joints underneath thermal pads of light-emitting diodes (LEDs), using X-ray inspection and Six Sigma methodology. Design/methodology/approach On the basis of cause and effect diagram for solder voiding, the potential causes of voids and influence of process variables on void formation were found. Three process variables were chosen: the type of reflow soldering, vacuum incorporation and the type of solder paste. Samples of LEDs were mounted with convection and vapour phase reflow soldering. Vacuum was incorporated into vapour phase soldering. Two types of solder pastes OM338PT and LFS-216LT were used. Algorithm incorporated into X-ray inspection system enabled to calculate the statistical distribution of LED thermal pad coverage and to find the process capability index (Cpk) of applied soldering techniques. Findings The evaluation of selected soldering processes of LEDs in respect of their thermal pad coverage and statistical Cpk indices is presented. Vapour-phase soldering with vacuum is capable (Cpk > 1) for OM338PT and LFS-216LT paste. Convection reflow without vacuum with LFS-216LT paste is also capable (Cpk = 1.1). Other technological soldering processes require improvements. Vacuum improves radically the capability of a reflow soldering for an LED assembly. When vacuum is not accessible, some improvement of capability to a lower extent is possible by an application of void-free solder pastes. Originality/value Six Sigma statistical methodology combined with X-ray diagnosis was used to check whether applied methods of void reduction underneath LED thermal pads are capable processes.

scholarly journals Development of a Structural Integrity Non-destructive Inspection System for Bridges Made of Weathering Steel

2019 ◽  
Vol 278 ◽  
pp. 03006
Author(s):  
Björn Torsten Salmen ◽  
Marina Knyazeva ◽  
Frank Walther
Keyword(s):  
Structural Steel ◽  
Crack Detection ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Inspection System ◽  
Weathering Steel ◽  
Steel Bridge ◽  
Electro Magnetic ◽  
Non Destructive

Due to the increasing volume of traffic, bridges are exposed to higher loads as it was considered during the planning phase. Therefore, a regular inspection is necessary in order to detect cracks at very early stages. The use of weathering structural steel in bridges, as well as in composite bridge constructions is an alternative to conventional bridges, not only from an economic but also from an ecological point of view, since it is not necessary to apply a corrosion protection layer and renew it during the lifetime of the bridge. Unfortunately, conventional visual inspection or magnetic particle inspection on the weathering steel bridge are hindered by the protective patina and requires development of new test methods. Within the framework of this project, a combined crack detection technique using non-destructive inspection by means of Active Thermography and by Electro-Magnetic Acoustic Transducer (EMAT) were evaluated in laboratory environments and in real conditions on bridge structures made of weathering structural steel.

Application of the Ultrasound-Infrared Thermography Technique for Non-Destructive Evaluation of Defects in Shoe Bonding Parts

2010 ◽  
Vol 123-125 ◽  
pp. 823-826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung Hyun Choi ◽  
Lee Ku Kwac ◽  
Jae Yeol Kim
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Thermography ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Local Heat ◽  
Inspection System ◽  
System Configuration ◽  
Thermal Camera ◽  
Ultrasound Waves ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Defective Surface ◽  
Non Destructive

The infrared thermography technique is being applied in many areas. Particularly these days, non-destructive inspection and evaluation using the ultrasound-infrared thermography technique are hogging the spotlight in a wide range of study areas. The ultrasound-infrared thermography technique uses the principle that ultrasound waves projected to objects with cracks or defects at connections generate local heat from the defective surface. In this research, introduce nondestructive evaluation method for total inspection of special shoes applying Ultrasound Infrared thermography Technique. Performance of the proposed method are shown by through thermo-Image. The total inspection system using infrared thermal camera for special shoes, its applicability, and system configuration are introduced.

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