scholarly journals Validity and Reliability of an Inertial Sensor Device for Specific Running Patterns in Soccer

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (21) ◽  
pp. 7255
Author(s):  
Guglielmo Pillitteri ◽  
Ewan Thomas ◽  
Giuseppe Battaglia ◽  
Giovanni Angelo Navarra ◽  
Antonino Scardina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inertial Sensor ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Sensor Device ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Gps System ◽  
Tracking Devices

Electronic performance tracking devices are largely employed in team sports to monitor performance and improve training. To date, global positioning system (GPS) based devices are those mainly used in soccer training. The aim of this study was to analyse the validity and reliability of the inertial sensor device (ISD) in monitoring distance and speed in a soccer-specific circuit and how their performance compare to a GPS system. 44 young male soccer players (age: 14.9 ± 1.1, range 9–16, years, height: 1.65 ± 0.10 m, body mass: 56.3 ± 8.9 kg) playing in a non-professional soccer team in Italy, participated in the study. We assessed the players trough a soccer running sport-specific circuit. An ISD and a GPS were used to assess distance and speed. Data was compared to a video reference system, and the difference were quantified by means of the root mean square error (RMSE). Significant differences were found for both GPS and ISD devices for distance and speed. However, lower error for distance (dRMSE 2.23 ± 1.01 m and 5.75 ± 1.50 m, respectively) and speed (sRMSE 0.588 ± 0.152 m·s–1 and 1.30 ± 0.422 m·s–1, respectively) were attained by the ISD compared to the GPS. Overall, our results revealed a statistically significant difference between systems in data monitoring for either distance and speed. However, results of this study showed that a smaller error was obtained with the ISD than the GPS device. Despite caution is warranted within the interpretation of these results, we observed a better practical applicability of the ISD due to its small size, lower cost and the possibility to use the device indoor.

scholarly journals Validity and Reliability of Persian Version of International Prostate Symptom Score

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-21
Author(s):  
Ali Panahi ◽  
Reza Bidaki ◽  
Darab Mehraban ◽  
Omid Rezahosseini
Keyword(s):  
Symptom Score ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
International Prostate Symptom Score ◽  
Iranian Population ◽  
P Value ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Persian Version ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
English Translations ◽  
The Difference

Background: In order to use International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) in the Iranian population, a valid and reliable Persian version of this questionnaire is required. To date, this version of IPSS with those characteristics is not available.Material and Methods: For evaluation of the validity, the original version of IPSS (English version) was translated into Persian and after 3 weeks was re-translated from Persian to English.   The new English form was then compared with the original English IPSS form. Internal consistency was calculated. For measurement of reliability, the Persian version of IPSS was used to interview 50 patients with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH). The difference between results was analyzed with a 3 week interval.Results: There was no significant difference between English translations and internal consistency was 0.7 using Cronbach’s α test.  Test-retest reliability was assessed and showed no significant difference between the scores before and after 3 weeks (P value= 0.9).Conclusion: Persian version of IPSS was proved to be valid and reliable and can be used as a symptom-based questionnaire for BPH in Iranian population.

scholarly journals Validity and reliability of badminton-specific Reactive Agility TestBadmintona özgü geliştirilen Reaktif Çeviklik Testinin geçerlik ve güvenirliği

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 594
Author(s):  
Mehmet Yıldız ◽  
Uğur Fidan
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
T Test ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Test Protocol ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Reactive Agility ◽  
The Difference

Many laboratory and field tests are used in the literature to measure agility. The aim of the present study was to investigate the reliability and validity of a new Reactive Agility Test developed for badminton. A total of fourty male [ 20 elites (age: 20.8 ± 2.98 year, height: 174.55 ± 12.03 cm, weight: 65.70 ± 14.41 kg) and 20 sub-elites (age: 22.20±1,51, height: 170.01 ± 05.80 cm, weight: 62.45 ± 6,45 kg)] badminton players took part in the present study. For validity, the difference and relationship between newly developed reactive agility and planned changing direction tests in terms of elit and sub-elit players was examined. In the reliability measurements of test-retest, The Reactive Agility Test at same route was performed twice. Independent sample t test was carried out in order to detect the difference among the groups in the search for validity. The identification of the relations between the two different tests was performed with linear regression analysis. The reliability of test-retest was tried to be estimated with the coefficient of variances and intraclass correlation coefficient, and the Bland Altman method. In addition, a systematic difference between the test and the retest was estimated with the paired t test. At the end of the study, while there was not a significant difference found in the rates of planned changing direction of the elit and sub-elit players, it was detected that reactive agility rates were better in the elit players (7.14±4.85 sec and 9.87±5.07 sec, respectively). Moreover, a high coefficient determination was revealed between two tests (r2: 0.63, p<0.01). In the comparison of test-retest, a high intraclass correlation coefficient (0.930) and a very low coefficient of variances (4.7) were found. Furthermore, it was observed in the Bland Altman graph that a 95% of concordance range of the data obtained between two measurements was a good and narrow concordance.  In conclusion, it was determined that the new developed badminton specific Reactive Agility Test is a valid and reliable measurement method and it is suggested that this test protocol can be used to enhance and monitor reactive agility ability of badminton players.Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file. ÖzetLiteratürde çevikliğin ölçülmesi amacıyla birçok laboratuvar ve saha testi kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı badminton sporuna göre düzenlenmiş Reaktif Çeviklik Testinin güvenirlik ve geçerliğinin araştırılmasıdır. Araştırmaya toplam kırk erkek [20 elit (yaş: 20,8±2,98 yıl, boy uzunluğu: 174,55±12,03 cm, vücut ağırlığı:65,70±14,41 kg) ve 20 sub-elit (yaş: 22,20±1,51 yıl, boy uzunluğu: 170,01±05,80 cm, vücut ağırlığı:62,45±6,45 kg)] badminton oyuncusu katılmıştır. Geçerlik için yeni geliştirilen reaktif çeviklik ile planlı yön değiştirme testlerinin elit ve sub-elit katılımcılar arasındaki istatistiksel karşılaştırması ve ilişkisi analiz edilmiştir. Test-tekrar test güvenirlik ölçümlerinde aynı rotadaki reaktif çeviklik testi birer gün arayla iki kez uygulanmıştır. Geçerlik çalışmasında gruplar arası farkın belirlenmesi için bağımsız değişken t testi ve testler arası ilişkinin fonksiyonel olarak açıklanması ve bu ilişkinin bir modelle tanımlanması için basit doğrusal regresyon analizi yapılmıştır. Test-tekrar test güvenirliği varyasyon katsayısı, sınıf içi korelasyon katsayısı ve Bland Altman metodu ile kestirim edilmiştir. Ayrıca test- tekrar test arasında sistematik bir farkın olup olmadığı eşleştirilmiş t testi ile sınanmıştır.  Çalışma sonunda elit ve sub-elit oyuncuların planlı yön değiştirme bulguları anlamlı bir fark bulunmazken, reaktif çeviklik derecelerinin elit oyuncularda istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklı (sırasıyla 7,14±4.85 sn ve 9,87±5,07 sn) şekilde düşük olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bununla beraber her iki test arasında yüksek düzeyde  bir açıklayıcılık katsayısı tespit (r2: 0,63, p<0.01) edilmiştir. Test- tekrar test karşılaştırılmasında yüksek bir sınıf içi korelasyon katsayısı (0,930) ve çok düşük varyasyon katsayısı (4,7) belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca Bland-Altman grafiğinde iki ölçüm arasında elde edilen tüm verilerin %95 uyum aralığının dar ve iyi bir uyum gösterdiği gözlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak,  badminton sporuna göre düzenlenmiş Reaktif Çeviklik Testinin geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçüm yöntemi olduğu tespit edilmiştir ve badminton oyuncularının reaktif çeviklik becerilerinin geliştirilmesinde ve gelişimlerinin takibinde kullanılabileceği önerilmektedir. 

scholarly journals Komparasi Pelaksanaan Supervisi Akademik Kepala Sekolah di SMKN 1 Padang Gelugur dengan SMKN 1 Rao Selatan

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-242
Author(s):  
Vovi Tridian Ulfah ◽  
Yulianto Santoso ◽  
Yulianto Santoso ◽  
Rifma Rifma ◽  
Ermita Ermita
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
T Test ◽  
Teacher Professionalism ◽  
Learning Activity ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Learning Evaluation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference

Academic Supervision is a series of activities to assist in developing teacher professionalism in the implementation of learning with students carried out by leaders in schools, namely the principal. Academic supervision activities are carried out to help teachers improve learning activity planning, learning implementation, learning evaluation, and learning device preparation. This study aims to determine the implementation of the principal's academic supervision and see whether there is a significant difference in the implementation of the principal's academic supervision at SMKN 1 Padang Gelugur with SMKN 1 Rao selatan. This type of research is comparative descriptive and data collection is done by distributing questionnaires that have been tested for their validity and reliability. Before the data were analyzed, the data had been tested for normality and homogeneity and then performed the t-test to determine the difference value. Acquisition of data analysis is 1) academic supervision planning obtained 82.27% with the effective category. 2) the implementation of academic supervision obtained 79.34 in the quite effective category. 3) feedback and follow-up from the results of academic supervision obtained 75.2% including in the quite effective category. After testing the hypothesis using the SPSS application, namely the t-test, the result was that there was a difference in the implementation of the principal's academic supervision at SMKN 1 Padang Gelugur and SMKN 1 Rao Selatan because t count (2.154) <from t table (2.66). Based on the research results, the implementation of the principal's academic supervision at SMKN 1 Padang Gelugur was 1.08% more effective than SMKN 1 Rao Selatan.

scholarly journals Investigation of Job Satisfaction Levels of Tennis Coaches Who Work in Higher Education Institutions According to Personal Variables

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 282
Author(s):  
Pero Duygu Dumangöz
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Satisfaction Scale ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Personal Variables ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference

According to some personal variables, this study examines tennis coaches’ job satisfaction levels in higher education institutions. A total of 50 tennis coaches, 16 women (32%), and 34 men (68%) took part in the study. The coaches included in the study are examined in three categories as 26 years and younger (34%), 27-29 years old (34%), 30 years old and above (32%). Two forms were used as tools for data collection. The first one of these forms is a 6-question form created by the researcher to determine tennis coaches’ characteristics. The second one is the Minnesota Job Satisfaction Scale developed by Weiss et al. in 1967 and translated into Turkish by Baycan in 1985. Baycan also conducted the validity and reliability studies of the scale in 1985. The analysis of the data was done in SPSS 26.0 statistics package program. Percentage and frequency distributions were examined in the statistical analysis of the data, independent sample t-test was performed to evaluate the differences between two groups, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was made to determine the difference between more than two groups, and Scheffe test was performed to determine which groups the difference was between. p significance level was accepted as 0.05 (p < 0.05). As a result, there was no statistically significant difference in job satisfaction levels of tennis coaches according to gender, education level, coaching level, and work experience (p > 0.05), while there was a directly proportional relationship between the age variable and job satisfaction levels (p < 0.05).

scholarly journals Measurement of various intensities of physical activities and categorization of “Locomotive” and “Household” activities provide a subject-specific detailed assessment

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryuichiro Inaba ◽  
Satoshi Yamakawa ◽  
Takashi Kanamoto ◽  
Sho Ukimoto ◽  
Seira Sato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Step Count ◽  
Wearable Sensor ◽  
Performance Time ◽  
Sensor Device ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Detailed Assessment ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Household Activities ◽  
The Difference

AbstractThis study aimed to compare the physical activity (PA) measured by a wearable sensor device (WSD) and the step count measurement, and to investigate the association between PAs and lifestyle. Data of 301 participants were collected from March 2019 to March 2021. Step counts, sedentary behavior, performance time of light/moderate/vigorous PA, METs × hour of “Locomotive” and “Household” categorized activities, and energy expenditure (EE) were measured by the WSD, respectively. Furthermore, the participants were classified into student, standing worker, and sitting worker groups. Data were analyzed using the Steel–Dwass and Pearson correlation coefficient tests. The correlation between the performance time of each PA and step count was weak, except for moderate PA. “Household” EE and step count also had a weak correlation. In the comparison of lifestyle, there was a significant difference in the mean performance time of each type of PA between the groups. Additionally, the standing worker and sitting worker groups had a significant difference in METs × hour of "Household" activities, indicating that the difference between the occupations is reflected in “Household” activities. The WSD measurement can be used to evaluate detailed individual PA, whereas the step count measurement showed weakness in the PA estimation.

scholarly journals Optimizing the acceleration of Cheddar cheese ripening using response surface methodology by microbial protease without altering its quality features

AMB Express ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amaal Mohammed Alhelli ◽  
Nameer Khairulla Mohammed ◽  
Eilaf Suliman Khalil ◽  
Anis Shobirin Meor Hussin
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Cheddar Cheese ◽  
Soluble Nitrogen ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Overall Acceptability ◽  
Ripening Time ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Ideal

AbstractCheddar cheese proteolysis were accelerated employing Penicillium candidum PCA1/TT031 protease into cheese curd. In the present study, several of the significant factors such as protease purification factor (PF), protease concentration and ripening time were optimized via the response surface methodology (RSM). The ideal accelerated Cheddar cheese environment consisted of 3.12 PF, 0.01% (v/v) protease concentration and 0.6/3 months ripening time at 10 °C. The RSM models was verified to be the most proper methodology for the maintain of chosen Cheddar cheese. Under this experimental environment, the pH, acid degree value (ADV), moisture, water activity (aw), soluble nitrogen (SN)%, fat and overall acceptability were found to be 5.4, 6.6, 35%, 0.9348, 18.8%, 34% and 13.6, respectively of ideal Cheddar cheese. Furthermore, the predicted and experimental results were in significant agreement, which confirmed the validity and reliability of the suggested method. In spite of the difference between the ideal and commercial Cheddar cheese in the concentration of some of amino acids and free fatty acids, the sensory evaluation did not show any significant difference in aroma profile between them.

scholarly journals Optimizing the Acceleration of Cheddar Cheese Ripening Using Response Surface Methodology by Microbial Protease Without Altering Its Quality Features

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amaal Alhelli ◽  
Nameer Mohammed ◽  
Anis Meor Hussin
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Cheddar Cheese ◽  
Soluble Nitrogen ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Overall Acceptability ◽  
Ripening Time ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Ideal

Abstract Cheddar cheese proteolysis were accelerated employing Penicillium candidum PCA1/TT031 protease into cheese curd. In the present study, several of the significant factors such as protease purification factor (PF), protease concentration and ripening time were optimized via the response surface methodology (RSM). The ideal accelerated Cheddar cheese environment consisted of 3.12 PF, 0.01% (v/v) protease concentration and 0.6/3months ripening time at 10 °C. The RSM models was verified to be the most proper methodology for the maintain of chosen Cheddar cheese. Under this experimental environment, the pH, acid degree value (ADV), moisture, water activity (aw ), soluble nitrogen (SN)%, fat and overall acceptability were found to be 5.4, 6.6, 35%, 0.9348, 18.8%, 34% and 13.6,, respectively of ideal Cheddar cheese. Furthermore, the predicted and experimental results were in significant agreement, which confirmed the validity and reliability of the suggested method. In spite of the difference between the ideal and commercial Cheddar cheese in the concentration of some of amino acids and free fatty acids, the sensory evaluation did not show any significant difference in aroma profile between them.

scholarly journals Analysis of the External and Internal Load in 5vs5 Large Sided Games: Differences Between Different Sized Fields

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 337-342
Author(s):  
Giacomo Cofano ◽  
Francesca D’Elia ◽  
Andrea Piccinno ◽  
Italo Sannicandro
Keyword(s):  
External Load ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Internal Load ◽  
Passive Recovery ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Load Analysis ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Fourth Session

The study purpose. The purpose of the study is to analyze and understand the internal and external load in Large Sided Games (LSG) exercises carried out on fields of different sizes, defined as Small – Large Sided Games (SLSG) and Big – Large Sided Games (BLSG), according to the different square meters assigned to each player.  Materials and methods. 22 professional soccer players (average age: 23.59 ± 4.87 years, weight: 77.8 ± 7.6 kg, height: 183.5 ± 7.5 cm, age training: 13.1 ± 1.7). The LSG exercises were carried out on a 60 x 54 m field (270 m2/player), defined as "small" (SLSG) and on a 65 x 60 m field (325 m2/player) defined as "big" (BLSG). During the two LSG exercises, the internal load and the external load were analyzed. LSG exercises were performed with 4 sets of 5 minutes each, with 2 minutes of passive recovery between each set.  Results. The results of the internal load analysis show how the LSG carried out on a SLSG field provides higher and more significant HR values (p < 0.0005) than those emerged during the exercise carried out on a BLSG field. The RPE value is also higher during the SLSG, although statistically no significant difference appears. The analysis of the external load in relation with the observed parameters shows higher values in the BLSG, except for the number of accelerations. Conclusions. In terms of external and internal load, the results of this study showed how the difference of 55 m2/player can radically change the configuration of the two exercises. These differences allow to use both dimensions within a micro-cycle, but in sessions with different goals. The most appropriate sessions for LSGs are the first post-match session in which the rest day is not gone and the fourth session 3 days before the match.

scholarly journals Assessment of Specificity of the Badcamp Agility Test for Badminton Players

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-198
Author(s):  
Luiz de França Bahia Loureiro ◽  
Mário Oliveira Costa Dias ◽  
Felipe Couto Cremasco ◽  
Maicon Guimarães da Silva ◽  
Paulo Barbosa de Freitas
Keyword(s):  
Female Athletes ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Team Sport ◽  
Track And Field ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Reliable Test ◽  
Similar Information ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Shuttle Run

AbstractThe Badcamp agility test was created to evaluate agility of badminton players. The Badcamp is a valid and reliable test, however, a doubt about the need for the use of this test exists as simpler tests could provide similar information about agility in badminton players. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine the specificity of the Badcamp, comparing the performance of badminton players and athletes from other sports in the Badcamp and the shuttle run agility test (SRAT). Sixty-four young male and female athletes aged between 14 and 16 years participated in the study. They were divided into 4 groups of 16 according to their sport practices: badminton, tennis, team sport (basketball and volleyball), and track and field. We compared the groups in both tests, the Badcamp and SRAT. The results revealed that the group of badminton players was faster compared to all other groups in the Badcamp. However, in the SRAT there were no differences among groups composed of athletes from open skill sports (e.g., badminton, tennis, and team sports), and a considerable reduction of the difference between badminton players and track and field athletes. Thus, we concluded that the Badcamp test is a specific agility test for badminton players and should be considered in evaluating athletes of this sport modality.

scholarly journals Ratio of maximum hamstring torque to maximum quadriceps torque in professional basketball and soccer players

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 8-18
Author(s):  
A. Kukrić ◽  
M. Joksimović ◽  
B. Petrović ◽  
F. Latino ◽  
R. Pavlović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Professional Basketball ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Lower Extremity Muscle ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference

Purpose: The aim of the study was to determine the differences between football players and basketball players in the mean absolute values ​​of maximum torque flexors and extensors, ratio of maximum hamstring torque to maximum quadriceps torque dominant (DOM) non-dominant (ND) leg and differences in bilateral imbalance of flexor muscles and knee extensors. Material and methods: The research included a sample of 39 professional athletes. The first subsample included 19 professional basketball players while the second subsample included 20 professional soccer players. Results: Based on the results of the torques of the extensors in the knee joint of the DOM and ND legs, it was established that there is no statistically significant difference between basketball players and football players. However, a statistically significant difference was found in the torque flexors of the knee joint DOM (p≤0.01) and ND (p≤0.00) of the leg between basketball players and football players. On the other hand, the results of the research indicate that the difference between basketball players and football players in the ratio of Hamstrings peak torque to Quadriceps peak torque was recorded only in the ND leg (p≤0.02), while the difference in the DOM leg is not statistically significant. The results of our study indicate that basketball players have a higher percentage of imbalances compared to football players, especially in m. hamstrings. Conclusion: This study provides normative data on populations specific to soccer and basketball, but does not provide evidence of the ability of the isokinetic assessment of lower extremity muscle strength to predict injuries to football players and basketball players.

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