scholarly journals Optimal Scheduling of Campus Microgrid Considering the Electric Vehicle Integration in Smart Grid

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (21) ◽  
pp. 7133
Author(s):  
Tehreem Nasir ◽  
Safdar Raza ◽  
Muhammad Abrar ◽  
Hafiz Abd ul Muqeet ◽  
Harun Jamil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Linear Optimization ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Continuous Power ◽  
The Impact

High energy consumption, rising environmental concerns and depleting fossil fuels demand an increase in clean energy production. The enhanced resiliency, efficiency and reliability offered by microgrids with distributed energy resources (DERs) have shown to be a promising alternative to the conventional grid system. Large-sized commercial customers like institutional complexes have put significant efforts to promote sustainability by establishing renewable energy systems at university campuses. This paper proposes the integration of a photovoltaic (PV) system, energy storage system (ESS) and electric vehicles (EV) at a University campus. An optimal energy management system (EMS) is proposed to optimally dispatch the energy from available energy resources. The problem is mapped in a Linear optimization problem and simulations are carried out in MATLAB. Simulation results showed that the proposed EMS ensures the continuous power supply and decreases the energy consumption cost by nearly 45%. The impact of EV as a storage tool is also observed. EVs acting as a source of energy reduced the energy cost by 45.58% and as a load by 19.33%. The impact on the cost for continuous power supply in case of a power outage is also analyzed.

scholarly journals Influence of Population Income on Energy Consumption for Heating and Its CO2 Emissions in Cities

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4531
Author(s):  
Pedro J. Zarco-Periñán ◽  
Irene M. Zarco-Soto ◽  
Fco. Javier Zarco-Soto ◽  
Rafael Sánchez-Durán
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Energy Utilities ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
High Energy Consumption

As a result of the increase in city populations, and the high energy consumption and emissions of buildings, cities in general, and buildings in particular, are the focus of attention for public organizations and utilities. Heating is among the largest consumers of energy in buildings. This study examined the influence of the income of inhabitants on the consumption of energy for heating and the CO2 emissions in city buildings. The study was carried out using equivalized disposable income as the basis for the analysis and considered the economies of scale of households. The results are shown per inhabitant and household, by independently considering each city. Furthermore, to more clearly identify the influence of the population income, the study was also carried out without considering the influence of the climate. The method was implemented in the case of Spain. For this purpose, Spanish cities with more than 50,000 inhabitants were analyzed. The results show that, both per inhabitant and per household, the higher the income of the inhabitants, the greater the consumption of energy for heating and the greater the emissions in the city. This research aimed to help energy utilities and policy makers make appropriate decisions, namely, planning for the development of facilities that do not produce greenhouse gases, and enacting laws to achieve sustainable economies, respectively. The overall aim is to achieve the objective of mitigating the impact of emissions and the scarcity of energy resources.

scholarly journals Risk-Averse Scheduling of Combined Heat and Power-Based Microgrids in Presence of Uncertain Distributed Energy Resources

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 7119
Author(s):  
Abbas Rabiee ◽  
Ali Abdali ◽  
Seyed Masoud Mohseni-Bonab ◽  
Mohsen Hazrati
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Energy ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Combined Heat And Power ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Distributed Energy Resources ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Distributed Energy ◽  
Robust Scheduling ◽  
Battery Energy ◽  
The Impact

In this paper, a robust scheduling model is proposed for combined heat and power (CHP)-based microgrids using information gap decision theory (IGDT). The microgrid under study consists of conventional power generation as well as boiler units, fuel cells, CHPs, wind turbines, solar PVs, heat storage units, and battery energy storage systems (BESS) as the set of distributed energy resources (DERs). Additionally, a demand response program (DRP) model is considered which has a successful performance in the microgrid hourly scheduling. One of the goals of CHP-based microgrid scheduling is to provide both thermal and electrical energy demands of the consumers. Additionally, the other objective is to benefit from the revenues obtained by selling the surplus electricity to the main grid during the high energy price intervals or purchasing it from the grid when the price of electricity is low at the electric market. Hence, in this paper, a robust scheduling approach is developed with the aim of maximizing the total profit of different energy suppliers in the entire scheduling horizon. The employed IGDT technique aims to handle the impact of uncertainties in the power output of wind and solar PV units on the overall profit.

scholarly journals Understanding the Incremental Impact of Built Environment on Climate Change of Metropolitan City Karachi

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 678-685
Author(s):  
Nimra Kanwal ◽  
Nuhzat Khan
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Building Design ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Metropolitan City ◽  
Green Area ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Buildings are the most important part of development activities, consumed over one-thirds of the global energy. Household used the maximum energy around the world, likewise in Pakistan residential buildings consumed about half of total energy (45.9% per year). The study aims to analyze the impact of building design on climate of Metropolitan City Karachi, Pakistan and to evaluate the change in urbanization patterns and energy consumption in the buildings. To have better understanding of the issues correlations was established amongst population, urbanization patterns, green area, number of buildings (residential and commercial), building design, energy consumption and metrological records (climate change parameters) by collecting the data from the respective departments. With the help of the collected data amount of carbon dioxide was estimated. The results reveled that during last 36 years the urban population of Karachi increased exponentially from 5,208,000 (1981) to 14,737,257 (2017) with increase in urbanized area from 8.35 km2 (1946) to 3,640 km2 (2017) that may led to reduce the green area of the city from 495,000 hectors (1971) to 100,000 hectors (2015). Moreover, the building’s design and numbers are being changed from 21 high-rise buildings (2009) to 344 (2017). It may be concluded that change in temperature pattern and climatic variability of the city may be due to increase in population and change in lifestyle that lead to high energy consumption that is prime source of increased in CO2 emission in the environment of Karachi city, However, Greenhouse Gases (GHG) releases are much lower than the levels reported from metropolitan cities around the world.

scholarly journals The Impact of Energy Consumption and Economic Growth on Carbon Dioxide Emissions

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 7965
Author(s):  
Oluyomi A. Osobajo ◽  
Afolabi Otitoju ◽  
Martha Ajibola Otitoju ◽  
Adekunle Oke
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Granger Causality ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Cointegration Tests ◽  
The Impact

This study explored the effect of energy consumption and economic growth on CO2 emissions. The relationship between energy consumption, economic growth and CO2 emissions was assessed using regression analysis (the pooled OLS regression and fixed effects methods), Granger causality and panel cointegration tests. Data from 70 countries between 1994–2013 were analysed. The result of the Granger causality tests revealed that the study variables (population, capital stock and economic growth) have a bi-directional causal relationship with CO2 emissions, while energy consumption has a uni-directional relationship. Likewise, the outcome of the cointegration tests established that a long-run relationship exists among the study variables (energy consumption and economic growth) with CO2 emissions. However, the pooled OLS and fixed methods both showed that energy consumption and economic growth have a significant positive impact on CO2 emissions. Hence, this study supports the need for a global transition to a low carbon economy primarily through climate finance, which refers to local, national, or transnational financing, that may be drawn from public, private and alternative sources of financing. This will help foster large-scale investments in clean energy, that are required to significantly reduce CO2 emissions.

scholarly journals Progress in Synthesizing Analogues of Nitrogenase Metalloclusters for Catalytic Reduction of Nitrogen to Ammonia

Catalysts ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 939
Author(s):  
Yang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Catalytic Reduction ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Fossil Energy ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
High Energy Consumption ◽  
Significant Opportunity

Ammonia (NH3) has played an essential role in meeting the increasing demand for food and the worldwide need for nitrogen (N2) fertilizer since 1913. Unfortunately, the traditional Haber–Bosch process for producing NH3 from N2 is a high energy-consumption process with approximately 1.9 metric tons of fossil CO2 being released per metric ton of NH3 produced. As a very challenging target, any ideal NH3 production process reducing fossil energy consumption and environmental pollution would be welcomed. Catalytic NH3 synthesis is an attractive and promising alternative approach. Therefore, developing efficient catalysts for synthesizing NH3 from N2 under ambient conditions would create a significant opportunity to directly provide nitrogenous fertilizers in agricultural fields as needed in a distributed manner. In this paper, the literature on alternative, available, and sustainable NH3 production processes in terms of the scientific aspects of the spatial structures of nitrogenase metalloclusters, the mechanism of reducing N2 to NH3 catalyzed by nitrogenase, the synthetic analogues of nitrogenase metalloclusters, and the opportunities for continued research are reviewed.

scholarly journals Overproduction of the Flv3B flavodiiron, enhances the photobiological hydrogen production by the nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium Nostoc PCC 7120

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baptiste Roumezi ◽  
Luisana Avilan ◽  
Véronique Risoul ◽  
Myriam Brugna ◽  
Sophie Rabouille ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hox Genes ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Photosynthetic Microorganisms ◽  
Pcc 7120 ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Overexpressing Strain

Abstract Background: The ability of some photosynthetic microorganisms, particularly cyanobacteria and microalgae, to produce hydrogen (H 2 ) is a promising alternative for renewable, clean-energy production. However, studies of the topic in the last decade have shown that much improvement is needed before sustainable cyanobacterial-based H 2 production becomes economically viable. In this study, we investigated the impact of inducing O 2 -consumption to enhance H 2 photoproduction yields in the heterocyst-forming, N 2 -fixing cyanobacterium Nostoc PCC7120. Results: The flv3B gene, encoding a flavodiiron protein naturally expressed in the heterocyst of Nostoc, was overexpressed. Compared to the wild type, the recombinant strain obtained displayed a significantly higher H 2 production under aerobic growth and phototrophic conditions. Nitrogenase activity assays indicated that flv3B overexpression did not increase the nitrogen fixation rates. On the other hand, quantitative RT-PCR experiments showed that the transcription of the hox genes, encoding the NiFe Hox hydrogenase was greatly elevated in the flv3B overexpressing strain. Conclusion: We conclude that the overproduced Flv3B protein might have enhanced O 2 -consumption, thus creating conditions inducing hox genes and facilitating H 2 production. The present study clearly demonstrates the potential to use metabolic engineered cyanobacteria for photosynthesis driven H 2 production.

scholarly journals PV system interconnected to the electricity grid with hourly control of energy injection

DYNA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 88 (217) ◽  
pp. 84-90
Author(s):  
Juan Carlos Gutiérrez-Villegas ◽  
Set Vejar Ruíz ◽  
Agustín Escamilla Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Return On Investment ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Electrical Network ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Electricity Grid ◽  
Great Demand ◽  
Electricity Bill ◽  
Demand Rate ◽  
The Impact

Implementing Photovoltaic Systems (SFV) Interconnected to the electrical network, the energy consumption of the network is reduced, thus the SVF is a good alternative in rates where the charge is solely for energy consumption. In this work is presented the analysis of the Great Demand rate in Medium Hourly Voltage (GDMTH) that will allow designing SFV interconnected to the network helping to reduce the maximum demand for peak hours and increase the impact of the generation of energy through the PV system at rates where hourly consumption is considered. The consumption of energy by the user is analyzed, identifying that the highest demand for energy occurs in the intermediate hours and lower consumption in peak hours, however reviewing the electricity bill, the charge for consumption during peak hours increases significantly, SFV sizing is presented to reduce the estimated consumption during peak hours and the return on investment is determined. Subsequently, the implementation of a prototype to generate, store, and manage the injection of energy during peak hours is presented, analyzing the impact on the electricity bill, therefore the reduction of cost demand and energy in this hour time, is corroborated with a reduction up to 37% of monthly electricity bill.

scholarly journals Exchange Rate Dynamics, Energy Consumption, and Sustainable Environment in Pakistan: New Evidence From Nonlinear ARDL Cointegration

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Haroon Shah ◽  
Irfan Ullah ◽  
Sultan Salem ◽  
Sara Ashfaq ◽  
Alam Rehman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Exchange Rate Policy ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Nonlinear Ardl ◽  
The Government ◽  
Exchange Rate Depreciation

Pakistan's local currency has been devalued during different exchange regimes, which may substantially affect energy consumption and CO2 emissions. Therefore, this study investigates the effects of exchange rate depreciation on Pakistan's CO2 emissions and energy consumption from 1990–2018. We apply the nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) cointegration approach for the empirical analysis and found that exchange rate depreciation increases CO2 emissions and energy consumption in both the short and long runs. These results suggest that currency devaluation has an expansionary effect which enhances economic growth at the cost of high energy consumption and CO2 emissions. Therefore, the government needs regulations along with an exchange rate policy to control CO2 emissions. Moreover, the government should search for alternate energy resources such as renewable energy resources that meet the country's energy needs and mitigate CO2 emissions.

scholarly journals Energy–Growth Nexus in the MENA Region: A Dynamic Panel Threshold Estimation

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 12444
Author(s):  
Qusai Mohammad Qasim Alabed ◽  
Fathin Faizah Said ◽  
Zulkefly Abdul Karim ◽  
Mohd Azlan Shah Zaidi ◽  
Mohammed Daher Alshammary
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Threshold Model ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Mena Region ◽  
Dynamic Panel ◽  
Energy Growth ◽  
The Relationship

This study provides new evidence regarding the nonlinear relationship between energy consumption and economic growth in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region for the 1990–2014 period. The empirical estimation is conducted using a dynamic panel threshold model. We found one threshold in the relationship between energy consumption and economic growth and one threshold in the relationship between carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and economic growth. The results indicate that energy consumption positively and significantly affects economic growth in the low energy consumption regime. In contrast, it has a negative and significant impact on economic growth in the high energy consumption regime. Moreover, CO2 emissions are positively and significantly related to economic growth in the low regime of CO2 emissions. Nevertheless, the relationship between CO2 emissions and economic growth in the high CO2 emissions regime is negative and significant. Therefore, policymakers should implement other effective energy policies, such as stricter regulations on CO2 emissions, increase energy efficiency, and replace fossil fuels with cleaner energy sources to avoid unnecessary CO2 emissions and combat global warming. Future studies should identify the root causes of failures and issues in real time for inflation and link the energy–growth nexus to achieving the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Agenda, Goal 7: Affordable and Clean Energy.

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