scholarly journals Product Integration of Established Crash Sensors for Safety Applications in Lightweight Vehicles

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (21) ◽  
pp. 6994
Author(s):  
Linda Klein ◽  
Yvonne Joseph ◽  
Matthias Kröger
Keyword(s):  
Lightweight Design ◽  
The Self ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Integrated Sensor ◽  
Reinforced Polymers ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymers ◽  
Fibre Reinforced Polymer ◽  
New Sensors ◽  
Safety Applications

The functionality of products increases when more sensors are used. This trend also affects future automobiles and becomes even more relevant in connected and autonomous applications. Concerning automotive lightweight design, carbon fibre-reinforced polymers (CFRP) are suitable materials. However, their drawbacks include the relatively high manufacturing costs of CFRP components in addition to the difficulty of recycling. To compensate for the increased expenditure, the integration of automotive sensors in CFRP vehicle structures provides added value. As a new approach, established sensors are integrated into fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) structures. The sensors are usually mounted to the vehicle. The integration of sensors into the structure saves weight and space. Many other approaches specifically develop new sensors for integration into FRP structures. With the new approach, there is no need for elaborate development of new sensors since established sensors are used. The present research also showed that the range of applications of the sensors can be extended by the integration. The present paper outlines the functional behaviour of the integrated sensor utilized for crashing sensing. First of all, the integration quality of the sensor is relevant. Different requirements apply to the usual mounting of the sensor. The self-sensing structure must fulfil those requirements. Moreover, unfamiliar characteristics of the new surrounding structure might affect the sensing behaviour. Thus, the sensing behaviour of the self-sensing composite was analyzed in detail. The overarching objective is the general integration of sensors in products with reasonable effort.

Experimental Study on Structural Rehabilitation of Severely Damaged I-Beams Using Fibre Reinforced Polymers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerin Mathew George ◽  
Mehrdad Kimiaei ◽  
Mohamed Elchalakani
Keyword(s):  
Failure Modes ◽  
Offshore Structures ◽  
Reinforced Polymers ◽  
Frp Composites ◽  
Four Point Bending ◽  
Repair Costs ◽  
Structural Rehabilitation ◽  
Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymers ◽  
Fibre Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Glass Fibre Reinforced

Abstract Fixed and Floating Offshore structures commonly utilize I-beams as structural components withstanding distributed loads on their decks or inside hulls. These structural members get damaged due to the corrosive marine environment leading to a condition in which they need replacement or rehabilitation. Such situations are not desirable as it will incur monetary losses directly with replacement or repair costs and indirectly through operational losses due to shut down for hot repair works. A safe and economical alternative for structural rehabilitation of damaged I-beams is using Fibre Reinforced Polymer (FRP) composites. An experimental investigation on the feasibility of repair of a heavily damaged I-beam using two different types of FRPs is presented. The severe damage in the I-beam was artificially introduced by removing both flanges and the web for 300 mm in the mid-span of 1800 mm long I-beam. Four-point bending tests under static loads were performed until failure of the beam. The first repair was done using carbon fibre reinforced polymers (CFRPs) and the second one utilized glass fibre reinforced polymers (GFRP). The CFRP repaired specimen showed 277% improvement from the damaged state whereas the GFRP repair improved 248% in terms of the ultimate strength. A comparison of the behaviour between CFRP and GFRP repair is also highlighted in the study. Various parameters like stiffness, ductility, load-displacement behaviour and failure modes of these FRP repairs for damaged I-beams are discussed in detail. Overall, the results from the study portray the adequacy of an FRP rehabilitation to reinstate the strength from such structural damages in I-beams.

scholarly journals Development of Laser Drilling Strategy for Thick Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer Composites (CFRP)

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 2674
Author(s):  
Sharizal Ahmad Sobri ◽  
Robert Heinemann ◽  
David Whitehead
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fibre ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Fibre Laser ◽  
Machining Parameters ◽  
Performance Measurements ◽  
Reinforced Polymers ◽  
Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymers ◽  
Fibre Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Experimental Findings

Composites from carbon fibre reinforced polymers (CFRPs) play a significant role in modern manufacturing. They are typically used in aerospace and other industries that require high strength-to-weight ratios. Composite machining, however, remains a challenging job and sometimes is hampered by poor efficiency. Despite considerable research being conducted over the past few years on the machining of composite materials, the material nevertheless suffers from delamination, fibre loss, and imperfect finishing of the fuselage. Laser technology is becoming increasingly popular as an alternative approach to cutting and drilling composites. Experiments have been conducted with a CFRP thickness of 25.4 mm using fibre laser to test the effect of the machining parameters on the primary performance measurements. In this study, different machining criteria are used to assess the fibre laser ability of thick CFRP composites for drilling operation. The experimental findings revealed that a fibre laser is capable of penetrating a thick CFRP to a depth of 22 mm by using a novel drilling procedure.

scholarly journals Novel CNTs grafting on carbon fibres through CVD: investigation of epoxy matrix/fibre interface via nanoindentation

2019 ◽  
Vol 304 ◽  
pp. 01014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefania Termine ◽  
Aikaterini-Flora A. Trompeta ◽  
Dimitrios A. Dragatogiannis ◽  
Costas A. Charitidis
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Behaviour ◽  
Epoxy Matrix ◽  
Chemical Vapour ◽  
Reinforced Polymers ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Space Industry ◽  
Macro Scale ◽  
Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymers ◽  
Microscopy Techniques

Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymers (CFRPs) have spread to a broad range of sectors including automobile, aeronautics and space industry the last decades. Recently, the emergence of new requirements for improved smart properties and functionalities have been main drivers to the introduction of novel methodologies and optimization of processes. A new approach of functionalizing CFs is the in-situ grafting of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) onto the surface of fibres, through chemical vapour deposition (CVD). In this study, CFRPs were manufactured via Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Molding (VARTM) and characterized by microscopy techniques through their cross-section. The effect of CNTs in-situ grafting onto the CFs on the mechanical behavior of the composite was studied both in micro- and macro-scale level, through instrumented indentation technique and tensile testing. The mechanical behaviour of the composite with the CNTs in-situ grafted onto the CFs was compared with CNTs-modified composites, containing CNTs in the epoxy matrix. Comparing the nanomechanical properties with conventional mechanical testing, the enhancement of mechanical behaviour was revealed for the case of the CNTs-modified composite. Additionally, an increased interfacial adhesion between the CNTs-functionalised CFs and the polymer matrix was observed, indicating that CNTs contribute to an enhanced bonding between matrix and CFs.

Bottom-up Evolution from Disks to High-Genus Polymersomes

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Contini ◽  
Russell Pearson ◽  
Linge Wang ◽  
Lea Messager ◽  
Jens Gaitzsch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
The Self ◽  
Amphiphilic Copolymers ◽  
Chain Entanglement ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
New Approach ◽  
High Genus ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Minimal Radius ◽  
Stop Flow

<div><div><div><p>We report the design of polymersomes using a bottom-up approach where the self-assembly of amphiphilic copolymers poly(2-(methacryloyloxy) ethyl phosphorylcholine)–poly(2-(diisopropylamino) ethyl methacrylate) (PMPC-PDPA) into membranes is tuned using pH and temperature. We study this process in detail using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and stop-flow ab- sorbance disclosing the molecular and supramolecular anatomy of each structure observed. We report a clear evolution from disk micelles to vesicle to high-genus vesicles where each passage is controlled by pH switch or temperature. We show that the process can be rationalised adapting membrane physics theories disclosing important scaling principles that allow the estimation of the vesiculation minimal radius as well as chain entanglement and coupling. This allows us to propose a new approach to generate nanoscale vesicles with genus from 0 to 70 which have been very elusive and difficult to control so far.</p></div></div></div>

Bottom-up Evolution from Disks to High-Genus Polymersomes

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Contini ◽  
Russell Pearson ◽  
Linge Wang ◽  
Lea Messager ◽  
Jens Gaitzsch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
The Self ◽  
Amphiphilic Copolymers ◽  
Chain Entanglement ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
New Approach ◽  
High Genus ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Minimal Radius ◽  
Stop Flow

<div><div><div><p>We report the design of polymersomes using a bottom-up approach where the self-assembly of amphiphilic copolymers poly(2-(methacryloyloxy) ethyl phosphorylcholine)–poly(2-(diisopropylamino) ethyl methacrylate) (PMPC-PDPA) into membranes is tuned using pH and temperature. We study this process in detail using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and stop-flow ab- sorbance disclosing the molecular and supramolecular anatomy of each structure observed. We report a clear evolution from disk micelles to vesicle to high-genus vesicles where each passage is controlled by pH switch or temperature. We show that the process can be rationalised adapting membrane physics theories disclosing important scaling principles that allow the estimation of the vesiculation minimal radius as well as chain entanglement and coupling. This allows us to propose a new approach to generate nanoscale vesicles with genus from 0 to 70 which have been very elusive and difficult to control so far.</p></div></div></div>

Fatigue Testing of Carbon Fibre-reinforced Polymers under VHCF Loading*

2012 ◽  
Vol 54 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 756-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maik Gude ◽  
Werner Hufenbach ◽  
Ilja Koch ◽  
Roman Koschichow
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fibre ◽  
Fatigue Testing ◽  
Reinforced Polymers ◽  
Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymers

Crack Density Evaluation in Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymers Aged by Thermal Cycling

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 125-143
Author(s):  
S. González ◽  
M. González ◽  
J. Dominguez ◽  
F. Lasagni
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fibre ◽  
Thermal Cycling ◽  
Crack Density ◽  
Reinforced Polymers ◽  
Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymers ◽  
Density Evaluation

De se marking, logophoricity, and ziji

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsiang-Yun Chen
Keyword(s):  
Blocking Effect ◽  
The Self ◽  
Critical Examination ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Attitude Ascription ◽  
New Approach ◽  
De Se

This chapter addresses the assumed connection between de se attitude ascription and logophoricity in the case of Chinese ziji. It is widely believed that logophors are among the paradigm cases of de se marking, and that long-distance ziji is logophoric. Drawing on a critical examination of a variety of analyses, this chapter argues that long-distance anaphora, de se interpretation, and logophoric marking are overlapping but distinct phenomena. Even if ziji is logophoric, it does not automatically trigger de se requirement. A de se-neutral analysis of ziji is consistent with pragmatic derivations of interpretations that emphasize the self. The findings point to a new approach to long-distance binding, and identify the blocking effect as the key issue for further research.

scholarly journals The potential of transformative video design for improving caregiver’s wellbeing

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 205510292110090
Author(s):  
Milica Petrovic ◽  
Andrea Gaggioli
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Narrative Identity ◽  
Meaning Making ◽  
Informal Caregivers ◽  
The Self ◽  
Design Technique ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Role Transformation

The existing interventions for informal caregivers assist with managing health outcomes of the role burden. However, the deeper meaning-making needs of informal caregivers have been generally neglected. This paper reflects on the meaning-making needs of informal caregivers, through the theory of narrative identity, and proposes a new approach – the Transformative Video Design technique delivered via video storytelling. Transformative Video Design assists informal caregivers to re-create a cohesive caregiving story and incorporate it into the narrative identity. The technique is used as a stimulus for triggering the self-re-structure within the narrative identity and facilitating role transformation.

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