scholarly journals Design of a Novel Wideband Leaf-Shaped Printed Dipole Array Antenna Using a Parasitic Loop for High-Power Jamming Applications

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (20) ◽  
pp. 6882
Author(s):  
Eunjung Kang ◽  
Tae Heung Lim ◽  
Seulgi Park ◽  
Hosung Choo
Keyword(s):  
High Power ◽  
Beam Steering ◽  
Impedance Matching ◽  
Dipole Antenna ◽  
Array Antenna ◽  
Center Frequency ◽  
Steering Angle ◽  
Single Antenna ◽  
Loop Element ◽  
5 Ghz

This paper proposes a novel wideband leaf-shaped printed dipole antenna sensor that uses a parasitic element to improve the impedance matching bandwidth characteristics for high-power jamming applications. The proposed antenna sensor consists of leaf-shaped dipole radiators, matching posts, rectangular slots, and a parasitic loop element. The leaf-shaped dipole radiators are designed with exponential curves to obtain a high directive pattern and are printed on a TLY-5 substrate for high-power durability. The matching posts, rectangular slots, and a parasitic loop element are used to enhance the impedance matching characteristics. The proposed antenna sensor has a measured fractional bandwidth of 66.7% at a center frequency of 4.5 GHz. To confirm the array antenna sensor characteristics, such as its active reflection coefficients (ARCs) and beam steering gains, the proposed single antenna sensor is extended to an 11 × 1 uniform linear array. The average values of the simulated and measured ARCs from 4.5 to 6 GHz are −13.4 dB and −14.7 dB. In addition, the measured bore-sight array gains of the co-polarization are 13.4 dBi and 13.7 dBi at 4 GHz and 5 GHz, while those of the cross-polarizations are −4.9 dBi and −3.4 dBi, respectively. When the beam is steered at a steering angle, θ0, of 15°, the maximum measured array gains of the co-polarization are 12.2 dBi and 10.3 dBi at 4 GHz and 5 GHz, respectively.

scholarly journals Design and Experimental Analysis of Multiband Compound Reconfigurable 5G Antenna for Sub-6 GHz Wireless Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Ikhlas Ahmad ◽  
Haris Dildar ◽  
Wasi Ur Rehman Khan ◽  
Syed Amir Ali Shah ◽  
Shakir Ullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Return Loss ◽  
Beam Steering ◽  
Impedance Matching ◽  
Main Beam ◽  
Rear Side ◽  
Pin Diode ◽  
Wireless Applications ◽  
Low Profile ◽  
5 Ghz ◽  
The Given

In this paper, a printed low-profile antenna with frequency and pattern reconfigurable functionality is designed in three modes. Each mode operates at different frequency bands and has several options available for pattern reconfiguration in these bands. The proposed antenna consists of eight pin-diode switches (S1 to S8). The switches S1 and S2, installed in the radiating patch, are used for frequency reconfigurability to control the operating bands of the antenna. The rest of the six switches (S3, S4, S5, S6, S7, and S8), loaded in the stubs on the rear side of the antenna, are used for pattern reconfiguration to control the main lobe beam steering. When all switches are off, the proposed antenna operates in a wideband mode, covering the 3.82-9.32 GHz frequency range. When S1 is on, the antenna resonates in the 3.5 GHz (3.09-4.17 GHz) band. When both S1 and S2 are on, the resonant band of the antenna is shifted to 2.5 GHz band (2.40-2.81 GHz). A very good impedance matching with a return loss of less than -10 dB is attained in these bands. The beam steering is done at each operating frequency by controlling the on and off states of the six pin-diode switches (S3, S4, S5, S6, S7, and S8). Depending on the state of the switches, the antenna can direct the beam in seven distinct directions at 4.2 GHz, 4.5 GHz, and 5 GHz. The main beam of the radiation pattern is steered in five different directions at 5.5 GHz, 3.5 GHz, and 2.6 GHz operating bands for the given state of the mentioned switches. The proposed antenna supports several sub-6 GHz 5G bands (2.6 GHz, 3.5 GHz, 4.2 GHz, 4.5 GHz, and 5 GHz) and can be used in handheld 5G devices.

scholarly journals A Pentaband Compound Reconfigurable Antenna for 5G and Multi-Standard Sub-6GHz Wireless Applications

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (20) ◽  
pp. 2526
Author(s):  
Ikhlas Ahmad ◽  
Wasi Ur Rehman Khan ◽  
Haris Dildar ◽  
Sadiq Ullah ◽  
Shakir Ullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Return Loss ◽  
Beam Steering ◽  
Impedance Matching ◽  
Main Beam ◽  
Printed Antenna ◽  
Wireless Applications ◽  
Operating Band ◽  
Low Profile ◽  
4G Lte ◽  
5 Ghz

This work proposes a low-profile, printed antenna that offers pattern and frequency reconfiguration functionalities printed on FR-4 substrate with a size of 46 × 32 × 1.6 mm3. The proposed antenna can operate in five different frequency bands, each one identified as a Mode, wherein there are possibilities of pattern reconfiguration. The frequency and pattern reconfigurability are made possible through 12 p-i-n diode switches (S1 to S12). The former is enabled through the switches S1 to S4 within the radiating patch, hence effectively controlling the resonant bands of the antenna; the latter is made possible through main lobe beam steering, enabled by the rest of the eight switches (S5 to S12), loaded in split parasitic elements designed on both sides of the radiator. The proposed antenna operates in the 5 GHz (4.52–5.39 GHz) band when all switches are OFF. When S1 is ON, the operating band shifts to 3.5 GHz (2.96–4.17 GHz); it changes to a 2.6 GHz (2.36–2.95 GHz) band when S1 and S2 are ON. When S3 is also turned ON, the antenna shifts to the 2.1 GHz Band (1.95–2.30 GHz). When S1–S4 are ON, the operating band shifts to a 1.8GHz (1.67–1.90 GHz) band. In all these bands, the return loss remains less than −10 dB while maintaining good impedance matching. At each operating band, the ON/OFF states of the eight p-i-n diode switches (S5 through S12) enable beam steering. The proposed antenna can direct the main beam in five distinct directions at 3.5GHz, 2.6 GHz, and 2.1 GHz bands, and three different directions at 5 GHz and 1.8 GHz bands. Different 5G bands (2.1, 2.6, 3.5, and 5) GHz, which fall in the sub 6GHz range, are supported by the proposed antenna. In addition, GSM (1.8 GHz), UMTS (2.1 GHz), 4G-LTE (2.1 GHz and 2.6 GHz), WiMAX (2.6 GHz and 3.5 GHz) and WLAN (5 GHz) applications are also supported by the proposed antenna, which is a candidate for handheld 5G/4G/3G devices.

scholarly journals Performance Improvement of Substrate Integrated Cavity Fed Dipole Array Antenna Using ENZ Metamaterial for 5G Applications

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Shaza El-Nady ◽  
Rania R. Elsharkawy ◽  
Asmaa I. Afifi ◽  
Anwer S. Abd El-Hameed
Keyword(s):  
Coplanar Waveguide ◽  
Impedance Matching ◽  
High Gain ◽  
Dipole Antenna ◽  
Center Frequency ◽  
Antenna Element ◽  
Gain Enhancement ◽  
Radiated Power ◽  
Low Profile ◽  
Unit Cells

This paper exhibits a high-gain, low-profile dipole antenna array (DAA) for 5G applications. The dipole element has a semi-triangular shape to realize a simple input impedance regime. To reduce the overall antenna size, a substrate integrated cavity (SIC) is adopted as a power splitter feeding network. The transition between the SIC and the antenna element is achieved by a grounded coplanar waveguide (GCPW) to increase the degree of freedom of impedance matching. Epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) metamaterial technique is exploited for gain enhancement. The ENZ metamaterial unit cells of meander shape are placed in front of each dipole perpendicularly to guide the radiated power into the broadside direction. The prospective antenna has an overall size of 2.58 λg3 and operates from 28.5 GHz up to 30.5 GHz. The gain is improved by 5 dB compared to that of the antenna without ENZ unit cells, reaching 11 dBi at the center frequency of 29.5 GHz. Measured and simulated results show a reasonable agreement.

Investigation of e-textile dipole antenna performance based on embroidery parameters

2021 ◽  
pp. 004051752110134
Author(s):  
Daniel Agu ◽  
Rachel J Eike ◽  
Allyson Cliett ◽  
Dawn Michaelson ◽  
Rinn Cloud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Band ◽  
Impedance Matching ◽  
Dipole Antenna ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Wearable Sensor ◽  
Dipole Antennas ◽  
Antenna Performance ◽  
Large Production ◽  
Lower Transmission ◽  
The Ideal

E-textile antennas have the potential to be the premier on-body wearable sensor. Embroidery techniques, which can be applied to produce e-textile antennas, assist in large production volumes and fast production speeds. This paper focuses on the effects of three commonly used embroidery parameters, namely stitch type, conductive thread location, and stabilizer, on the performance of embroidered dipole antennas in order to determine the ideal embroidery combination for optimal antenna performance. Fifty-four dipole antenna samples were fabricated and measured at the industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) frequency band of 2.45 GHz. The results of this study show that machine-embroidered antenna designs with satin stitches resonate at a lower frequency and exhibit a lower transmission gain compared with those made with contour stiches, and the conductive thread location in the bobbin location plus the use of a water-soluble stabilizer can help improve impedance matching.

A tuneable rat-race coupler for full duplex communications

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
G. T. Watkins
Keyword(s):  
Interference Cancellation ◽  
Phase Shifter ◽  
Dipole Antenna ◽  
Full Duplex ◽  
Frequency Channel ◽  
Ism Band ◽  
Single Antenna ◽  
Variable Attenuator ◽  
Degree Of Isolation ◽  
Better Than

Abstract Full duplex (FD) could potentially double wireless communications capacity by allowing simultaneous transmission and reception on the same frequency channel. A single antenna architecture is proposed here based on a modified rat-race coupler to couple the transmit and receive paths to the antenna while providing a degree of isolation. To allow the self-interference cancellation (SiC) to be maximized, the rat-race coupler was made tuneable. This compensated for both the limited isolation of the rat race and self-interference caused by antenna mismatch. Tuneable operation was achieved by removing the fourth port of the rat race and inserting a variable attenuator and variable phase shifter into the loop. In simulation with a 50 Ω load on the antenna port, better than −65 dB narrowband SiC was achieved over the whole 2.45 GHz industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) band. Inserting the S-parameters of a commercially available sleeve dipole antenna into the simulation, better than −57 dB narrowband SiC could be tuned over the whole band. Practically, better than −58 dB narrowband tuneable SiC was achieved with a practical antenna. When excited with a 20 MHz Wi-Fi signal, −42 dB average SiC could be achieved with the antenna.

scholarly journals Phase-only transmissive spatial light modulator based on tunable dielectric metasurface

Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 364 (6445) ◽  
pp. 1087-1090 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi-Qiang Li ◽  
Xuewu Xu ◽  
Rasna Maruthiyodan Veetil ◽  
Vytautas Valuckas ◽  
Ramón Paniagua-Domínguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Spatial Light Modulator ◽  
Deflection Angle ◽  
Beam Steering ◽  
Beam Deflection ◽  
Spatial Light Modulators ◽  
Light Modulator ◽  
Steering Angle ◽  
Holographic Display ◽  
Light Modulators

Rapidly developing augmented reality, solid-state light detection and ranging (LIDAR), and holographic display technologies require spatial light modulators (SLMs) with high resolution and viewing angle to satisfy increasing customer demands. Performance of currently available SLMs is limited by their large pixel sizes on the order of several micrometers. Here, we propose a concept of tunable dielectric metasurfaces modulated by liquid crystal, which can provide abrupt phase change, thus enabling pixel-size miniaturization. We present a metasurface-based transmissive SLM, configured to generate active beam steering with >35% efficiency and a large beam deflection angle of 11°. The high resolution and steering angle obtained provide opportunities to develop the next generation of LIDAR and display technologies.

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