scholarly journals A Fiber-Integrated CRDS Sensor for In-Situ Measurement of Dissolved Carbon Dioxide in Seawater

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (19) ◽  
pp. 6436
Author(s):  
Mai Hu ◽  
Bing Chen ◽  
Lu Yao ◽  
Chenguang Yang ◽  
Xiang Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Equilibrium Condition ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
In Situ Measurement ◽  
Integrated Sensor ◽  
Dissolved Carbon ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Research on carbon dioxide (CO2) geological and biogeochemical cycles in the ocean is important to support the geoscience study. Continuous in-situ measurement of dissolved CO2 is critically needed. However, the time and spatial resolution are being restricted due to the challenges of very high submarine pressure and quite low efficiency in water-gas separation, which, therefore, are emerging the main barriers to deep sea investigation. We develop a fiber-integrated sensor based on cavity ring-down spectroscopy for in-situ CO2 measurement. Furthermore, a fast concentration retrieval model using exponential fit is proposed at non-equilibrium condition. The in-situ dissolved CO2 measurement achieves 10 times faster than conventional methods, where an equilibrium condition is needed. As a proof of principle, near-coast in-situ CO2 measurement was implemented in Sanya City, Haina, China, obtaining an effective dissolved CO2 concentration of ~950 ppm. The experimental results prove the feasibly for fast dissolved gas measurement, which would benefit the ocean investigation with more detailed scientific data.

scholarly journals A Portable Live Cell Culture and Imaging System with Optional Umbilical Bioreactor Using a Modified Infant Incubator

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm Brinn ◽  
Said F. Al-Sarawi ◽  
Tien-Fu Lu ◽  
Brian J. C. Freeman ◽  
Jaliya Kumaratilake ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Live Cell ◽  
Primary Neurons ◽  
Infant Incubator ◽  
Staged Approach ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Here, we present a staged approach for an innovative repurposing of a portable infant humidicrib into a live cell growth, observation, and imaging system. Furthmore, humidicrib can support different variations of “umbilical” bioreactors, and can be used to conduct electrophysiology experiments and in situ immunohistochemistry. Modifications incorporate a closed loop carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration control system with umbilical CO2 and heating support for tailored bioreactors. The repurposing cost is inexpensive and allows for the continued observation and imaging of cells. This prototype unit has been used to continuously observe and image live primary neurons for up to 21 days. This demonstrates the repurposed units’ suitability for use in tissue culture based research, particularly where modifications to microscopes are required or where sensitive manipulation outside of a standard incubator is needed.

Plasma Decomposition of Carbon Dioxide: Simulations and Experiments

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamau Wright ◽  
Robert Galvez
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Plasma Discharges ◽  
Electrical Parameters ◽  
Plasma System ◽  
Process Gas ◽  
Plasma Decomposition ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Co2 Decomposition ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Simulations and experiments are conducted to model, simulate, test and demonstrate the effect of plasma discharges on decomposition of carbon dioxide (CO2). A pin-to-plane discharge is employed in gas samples containing CO2. A high voltage plasma system is used which was previously shown to be able to decrease CO2 concentration in gas samples. The discharge is modeled and described, including monitoring electrical parameters such as current and voltage. The present study investigated plasma decomposition of carbon dioxide experimentally, and through simulation. A plasma micro-discharge was utilized to better understand plasma-CO2 interactions. Enhancements are suggested to help increase the efficiency and yield of the plasma-CO2 decomposition process. Gas samples are analyzed over time using a CO2 meter.

scholarly journals Six years of atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> observations at Mt. Fuji recorded with a battery-powered measurement system

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 667-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shohei Nomura ◽  
Hitoshi Mukai ◽  
Yukio Terao ◽  
Toshinobu Machida ◽  
Yukihiro Nojiri
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Measurement System ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Measurement Unit ◽  
Sources And Sinks ◽  
Charging System ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Stability And Accuracy ◽  
Working Standards

Abstract. We developed a battery-powered carbon dioxide (CO2) measurement system for monitoring at the summit of Mt. Fuji (3776 m a.s.l.), which experiences very low temperatures (below −20 °C) and severe environmental conditions without access to gridded electricity for 10 months (from September to June). Our measurement system used 100 batteries to run the measurement unit during these months. These batteries were charged during the 2-month summer season when gridded electricity was available, using a specially designed automatic battery-charging system. We installed this system in summer 2009 at the Mt. Fuji weather station; observations of atmospheric CO2 concentration were taken through December 2015. Measurements were never interrupted by a lack of battery power except for two cases in which lightning damaged a control board. Thus we obtained CO2 data during about 94 % of the 6-year period. Analytical performances (stability and accuracy) were better than 0.1 ppm, as tested by checking working standards and comparisons with flask sampling.Observational results showed that CO2 mole fractions at Mt. Fuji demonstrated clear seasonal variation. The trend and the variability of the CO2 growth rate observed at Mt. Fuji were very similar to those of the Mauna Loa Observatory (MLO). Seasonally, the concentration at Mt. Fuji was 2–10 ppm lower in summer and 2–12 ppm higher in winter than those at MLO. The lower concentrations at Mt. Fuji in summer are mainly attributed to episodes of air mass transport from Siberia or China, where CO2 is taken up by the terrestrial biosphere. On the other hand, the relatively higher concentrations in winter seem to reflect the high percentage of air masses originating from China or Southeast Asia during this period, which carry increased anthropogenic carbon dioxide. These results show that Mt. Fuji is not very influenced by local sources but rather by the sources and sinks over a very large region.Thus we conclude that, as this system could provide stable measurement data with relatively easy operation for 6 years at Mt. Fuji, it could be a useful monitoring technique for remote background sites elsewhere.

scholarly journals Spatio-Temporal Validation of AIRS CO2 Observations Using GAW, HIPPO and TCCON

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 3583
Author(s):  
Hui Yang ◽  
Gefei Feng ◽  
Ru Xiang ◽  
Yunjing Xu ◽  
Yong Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Satellite Observations ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Temporal Validation ◽  
Satellite Sensors ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a significant atmospheric greenhouse gas and its concentrations can be observed by in situ surface stations, aircraft flights and satellite sensors. This paper investigated the ability of the CO2 satellite observations to monitor, analyze and predict the horizontal and vertical distribution of atmospheric CO2 concentration at global scales. CO2 observations retrieved by an Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) were inter-compared with the Global Atmosphere Watch Program (GAW) and HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observations (HIPPOs), with reference to the measurements obtained using high-resolution ground-based Fourier Transform Spectrometers (FTS) in the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) from near-surface level to the mid-to-high troposphere. After vertically integrating the AIRS-retrieved values with the column averaging kernels of TCCON measurements, the AIRS observations are spatio-temporally compared with HIPPO-integrated profiles in the mid-to-high troposphere. Five selected GAW stations are used for comparisons with TCCON sites near the surface of the Earth. The results of AIRS, TCCON (5–6 km), GAW and TCCON (1 km) CO2 measurements from 2007 to 2013 are compared, analyzed and discussed at their respective altitudes. The outcomes indicate that the difference of about 3.0 ppmv between AIRS and GAW or other highly accurate in situ surface measurements is mainly due to the different vertical altitudes, rather than the errors in the AIRS. The study reported here also explores the potential of AIRS satellite observations for analyzing the spatial distribution and seasonal variation of CO2 concentration at global scales.

scholarly journals Variability of dissolved CO<sub>2</sub> in the Pang and Lambourn Chalk rivers

2007 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 328-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Griffiths ◽  
J. Nutter ◽  
A. Binley ◽  
N. Crook ◽  
A. Young ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Temporal Variability ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Dissolved Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Borehole Water ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Abstract. This paper presents the results of a two-year field campaign to determine the spatial and temporal variability of groundwater interaction with surface waters in two Cretaceous Chalk catchments (the Pang and Lambourn) in the Upper Thames in Berkshire, UK, based on measurement of dissolved carbon dioxide (CO2). Average stream water concentrations of dissolved CO2 were up to 35 times the concentration at atmospheric equilibrium. Mean groundwater concentrations of 85 and 70 times the atmospheric equilibrium were determined from borehole water sampled in the Pang and Lambourn respectively. Diurnal and seasonal variation of in-stream concentration of dissolved CO2 is not significant enough to mask the signal from groundwater inputs.

scholarly journals Determination of Dissolved CO2 Concentration in Culture Media: Evaluation of pH Value and Mathematical Data

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1373
Author(s):  
Amir Izzuddin Adnan ◽  
Mei Yin Ong ◽  
Saifuddin Nomanbhay ◽  
Pau Loke Show
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Co2 Solubility ◽  
Greenhouse Gasses ◽  
Dipotassium Phosphate ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Carbon dioxide is the most influential gas in greenhouse gasses and its amount in the atmosphere reached 412 µmol/mol in August 2020, which increased rapidly, by 48%, from preindustrial levels. A brand-new chemical industry, namely organic chemistry and catalysis science, must be developed with carbon dioxide (CO2) as the source of carbon. Nowadays, many techniques are available for controlling and removing carbon dioxide in different chemical processes. Since the utilization of CO2 as feedstock for a chemical commodity is of relevance today, this study will focus on how to increase CO2 solubility in culture media used for growing microbes. In this work, the CO2 solubility in a different medium was investigated. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and monoethanolamine (MEA) were added to the culture media (3.0 g/L dipotassium phosphate (K2HPO4), 0.2 g/L magnesium chloride (MgCl2), 0.2 g/L calcium chloride (CaCl2), and 1.0 g/L sodium chloride (NaCl)) for growing microbes in order to observe the difference in CO2 solubility. Factors of temperature and pressure were also studied. The determination of CO2 concentration in the solution was measured by gas analyzer. The result obtained from optimization revealed a maximum CO2 concentration of 19.029 mol/L in the culture media with MEA, at a pressure of 136.728 kPa, operating at 20.483 °C.

A laboratory study of the initial effects of dissolved carbon dioxide (CO2) on metal release from shallow sediments

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 183-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charuleka Varadharajan ◽  
Ruth M. Tinnacher ◽  
John D. Pugh ◽  
Robert C. Trautz ◽  
Liange Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Laboratory Study ◽  
Metal Release ◽  
Dissolved Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Shallow Sediments ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

scholarly journals In situ measurement of atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> at the four WMO/GAW stations in China

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 2541-2554 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. X. Fang ◽  
L. X. Zhou ◽  
P. P. Tans ◽  
P. Ciais ◽  
M. Steinbacher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Northeastern China ◽  
Seasonal Cycles ◽  
Production Area ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
The City

Abstract. Atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) mole fractions were continuously measured from January 2009 to December 2011 at four atmospheric observatories in China using cavity ring-down spectroscopy instruments. The stations are Lin'an (LAN), Longfengshan (LFS), Shangdianzi (SDZ), and Waliguan (WLG), which are regional (LAN, LFS, SDZ) or global (WLG) measurement stations of the World Meteorological Organization's Global Atmosphere Watch program (WMO/GAW). LAN is located near the megacity of Shanghai, in China's economically most developed region. LFS is in a forest and rice production area, close to the city of Harbin in northeastern China. SDZ is located 150 km northeast of Beijing. WLG, hosting the longest record of measured CO2 mole fractions in China, is a high-altitude site in northwestern China recording background CO2 concentration. The CO2 growth rates are 3.7 ± 1.2 ppm yr−1 for LAN, 2.7 ± 0.8 ppm yr−1 for LFS, 3.5 ± 1.6 ppm yr−1 for SDZ, and 2.2 ± 0.8 ppm yr−1 (1σ) for WLG during the period of 2009 to 2011. The highest annual mean CO2 mole fraction of 404.2 ± 3.9 ppm was observed at LAN in 2011. A comprehensive analysis of CO2 variations, their diurnal and seasonal cycles as well as the analysis of the influence of local sources on the CO2 mole fractions allows a characterization of the sampling sites and of the key processes driving the CO2 mole fractions. These data form a basis to improve our understanding of atmospheric CO2 variations in China and the underlying fluxes using atmospheric inversion models.

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