scholarly journals Tooth and Bone Parameters in the Assessment of the Chronological Age of Children and Adolescents Using Neural Modelling Methods

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (18) ◽  
pp. 6008
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Zaborowicz ◽  
Barbara Biedziak ◽  
Aneta Olszewska ◽  
Maciej Zaborowicz
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Neural Models ◽  
Computer Image Analysis ◽  
Age Assessment ◽  
Bone Parameters ◽  
Neural Modelling ◽  
Modelling Methods

The analog methods used in the clinical assessment of the patient’s chronological age are subjective and characterized by low accuracy. When using those methods, there is a noticeable discrepancy between the chronological age and the age estimated based on relevant scientific studies. Innovations in the field of information technology are increasingly used in medicine, with particular emphasis on artificial intelligence methods. The paper presents research aimed at developing a new, effective methodology for the assessment of the chronological age using modern IT methods. In this paper, a study was conducted to determine the features of pantomographic images that support the determination of metric age, and neural models were produced to support the process of identifying the age of children and adolescents. The whole conducted work was a new methodology of metric age assessment. The result of the conducted study is a set of 21 original indicators necessary for the assessment of the chronological age with the use of computer image analysis and neural modelling, as well as three non-linear models of radial basis function networks (RBF), whose accuracy ranges from 96 to 99%. The result of the research are three neural models that determine the chronological age.

scholarly journals Evaluation of chronological age based on third-molar development in the Serbian population

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (10) ◽  
pp. 1054-1059
Author(s):  
Gordana Filipovic ◽  
Nadica Djordjevic ◽  
Nikola Stojanovic ◽  
Zlata Brkic ◽  
Marija Igic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Third Molar ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Third Molars ◽  
Age Assessment ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
The Third ◽  
Children And Young Adults ◽  
Larger Sample ◽  
Demirjian Method

Background/Aim. Persons identification and their age assessment is necessary in vast number of cases and there are different methods used for such purposes. Numerous studies indicate that the third molar development could play a crucial role in identifying an individual`s age. The aim of this study was to determine the possibility for estimating the chronological age based on the third molar development stages in children and young adults in the Serbian population. Methods. A total of 570 Serbian patients aged 6?27 years were included in this study. Out of the total number of subjects, there were 248 males with an average age of 12.21 ? 3.91 years, and 332 females with an average age of 12.88 ? 4.06 years. Stages of dental formation were determined on orthopantomograms by comparing with standard Demirjian radiographic appearances. Results. Third molars mineralization occured more rapidly in males than in females. Most of the persons with third molar (the stage H development according to the Demirjian method) were older than 18 years. Conclusion. ?hird molar mineralization stages determination on orthopantomograms is useful additional method for determination of chronological age in living individuals. This finding might be important for forensic studies, focusing on the determination of the legally important ages. Variability among different ethnic groups has to be taken into consideration when applying this method. It is necessary to carry out extensive surveys on a larger sample in order to determine the norms for assessing the dental and chronological age of Serbian population.

Validation study of automated bone age assessment in 1285 children and adolescents aged 5 to 16 years

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klara Maratova ◽  
Dana Zemkova ◽  
Jan Lebl ◽  
Ondrej Soucek ◽  
Stepanka Pruhova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Validation Study ◽  
Bone Age ◽  
Age Assessment ◽  
Bone Age Assessment

Determination of Enzyme or Binding Constants Using Generalized Linear Models, with Particular Reference to Michaelis–Menten Models

1989 ◽  
Vol 78 (5) ◽  
pp. 413-416
Author(s):  
Gerald Van Belle ◽  
Sue Leurgans ◽  
Pat Friel ◽  
Sunwei Guo ◽  
Mark Yerby
Keyword(s):  
Generalized Linear Models ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Binding Constants

scholarly journals Assessment of the Content of Dry Matter and Dry Organic Matter in Compost with Neural Modelling Methods

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 307
Author(s):  
Dawid Wojcieszak ◽  
Maciej Zaborowicz ◽  
Jacek Przybył ◽  
Piotr Boniecki ◽  
Aleksander Jędruś
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Neural Model ◽  
Original Method ◽  
Neural Models ◽  
Test Error ◽  
Effective Assessment ◽  
Modelling Methods

Neural image analysis is commonly used to solve scientific problems of biosystems and mechanical engineering. The method has been applied, for example, to assess the quality of foodstuffs such as fruit and vegetables, cereal grains, and meat. The method can also be used to analyse composting processes. The scientific problem lets us formulate the research hypothesis: it is possible to identify representative traits of the image of composted material that are necessary to create a neural model supporting the process of assessment of the content of dry matter and dry organic matter in composted material. The effect of the research is the identification of selected features of the composted material and the methods of neural image analysis resulted in a new original method enabling effective assessment of the content of dry matter and dry organic matter. The content of dry matter and dry organic matter can be analysed by means of parameters specifying the colour of compost. The best developed neural models for the assessment of the content of dry matter and dry organic matter in compost are: in visible light RBF 19:19-2-1:1 (test error 0.0922) and MLP 14:14-14-11-1:1 (test error 0.1722), in mixed light RBF 30:30-8-1:1 (test error 0.0764) and MLP 7:7-9-7-1:1 (test error 0.1795). The neural models generated for the compost images taken in mixed light had better qualitative characteristics.

scholarly journals Dynamics of the Degradation of Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase Herbicides in Vegetables

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 405
Author(s):  
Miroslav Jursík ◽  
Kateřina Hamouzová ◽  
Jana Hajšlová
Keyword(s):  
Linear Models ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Baby Food ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Herbicide Residues ◽  
Harvest Intervals ◽  
Small Plot

(1) Background: Aryloxyphenoxy-propionates and cyclohexanediones are herbicides most widely used in dicot crops worldwide. The main objective of the study was to determine the dynamics of herbicide residues in carrot, lettuce, cauliflower, and onion in order to suggest a low level of residues in harvested vegetables. (2) Methods: Small plot field trials were carried out in four vegetables in the Czech Republic. The samples of vegetables were collected continuously during the growing season. Multiresidue methods for the determination of herbicide residues by LC-MS/MS were used. Non-linear models of degradation of individual herbicides in vegetables were calculated using the exponential decay formula. Action GAP pre-harvest intervals for the 25% and 50% maximum residue limit (MRL) and 10 µg kg−1 limit (baby food) were established for all tested herbicides. (3) Results: The degradation dynamics of fluazifop in carrot, onion, and cauliflower was significantly slower compared to quizalofop and haloxyfop. The highest amount (2796 µg kg−1) of fluazifop residues was detected in cauliflower 11 days after application. No residue of propaquizafop and cycloxydim was detected in any vegetable samples. (4) Conclusions: Aryloxyphenoxy-propionate herbicide (except propaquizafop) could contaminate vegetables easily, especially vegetables with a short growing season. Vegetables treated with fluazifop are not suitable for baby food. Lettuce and cauliflower treated by quizalofop are not suitable for baby food, but in onion and carrot, quizalofop could be used. Propaquizafop and cycloxydim are prospective herbicides for non-residual (baby food) vegetable production.

Risperidone-treated Children and Adolescents with Behavioral Disorders: Do Drug Dose and Patients’ Gender and Age Relate to Drug and Metabolite Plasma Levels?

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S104-S104
Author(s):  
D. Piacentino ◽  
M. Grözinger ◽  
A. Saria ◽  
F. Scolati ◽  
D. Arcangeli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Behavioral Disorders ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Parent Drug ◽  
Drug Dose ◽  
Cut Elimination ◽  
Younger Patients ◽  
Gender And Age

IntroductionBehavioral disorders, such as conduct disorder, influence choice of treatment and its outcome. Less is known about other variables that may have an influence.Objectives/AimsWe aimed to measure the parent drug and metabolite plasma levels in risperidone-treated children and adolescents with behavioral disorders and investigate the role of drug dose and patients’ gender and age.MethodsWe recruited 115 children/adolescents with DSM-5 behavioral disorders (females = 24; age range: 5–18 years) at the Departments of Psychiatry of the Hospitals of Bolzano, Italy, and Innsbruck, Austria. We measured risperidone and its metabolite 9-hydroxyrisperidone plasma levels and the parent drug-to-metabolite ratio in the plasma of all patients by using LC-MS/MS. A subsample of 15 patients had their risperidone doses measured daily. We compared risperidone and 9-hydroxyrisperidone plasma levels, as well as risperidone/9-hydroxyrisperidone ratio, in males vs. females and in younger (≤ 14 years) vs. older (15–18 years) patients by using Mann-Whitney U test. We fitted linear models for the variables “age” and “daily risperidone dose” by using log-transformation, regression analysis and applying the R2 statistic.ResultsFemales had significantly higher median 9-hydroxyrisperidone plasma levels (P = 0.000). Younger patients had a slightly lower median risperidone/9-hydroxyrisperidone ratio (P = 0.052). At the regression analysis, daily risperidone doses and metabolite, rather than parent drug–plasma levels were correlated (R2 = 0.35).ConclusionsGender is significantly associated with plasma levels, with females being slower metabolizers than males. Concerning age, younger patients seem to be rapid metabolizers, possibly due to a higher activity of CYP2D6. R2 suggests a clear-cut elimination of the metabolite.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Maximum Expiratory Flow of Children and Adolescents Living at Moderate Altitudes: Proposed Reference Values

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 264
Author(s):  
Marco Cossio-Bolaños ◽  
Rubén Vidal-Espinoza ◽  
Luis Felipe Castelli Correia de Campos ◽  
Luis Urzua-Alul ◽  
José Damián Fuentes-López ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Height Velocity ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
International Studies ◽  
Peak Height Velocity ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Maximum Expiratory Flow ◽  
Expiratory Flow

(1) Background: Spirometry is useful for diagnosing and monitoring many respiratory diseases. The objectives were: (a) compare maximum expiratory flow (MEF) values with those from international studies, (b) determine if MEF should be evaluated by chronological age and/or maturity, (c) develop reference norms for children, and adolescents. (2) Methods: A cross-sectional study was designed with 3900 subjects ages 6.0 and 17.9 years old. Weight, standing height, sitting height, and MEF were measured. Length of the lower limbs, body mass index (BMI), and age of peak height velocity growth (APHV) were calculated. (3) Results: Values for the curves (p50) for females of all ages from Spain and Italy were higher (92 to 382 (L/min)) than those for females from Arequipa (Peru). Curve values for males from Spain and Italy were greater [70 to 125 (L/min)] than the males studied. MEF values were similar to those of Chilean students ages 6 to 11. However, from 12 to 17 years old, values were lower in males (25 to 55 (L/min)) and in females (23.5 to 90 (L/min)). Correlations between chronological age and MEF in males were from (r = 0.68, R2 = 0.39) and in females from (r = 0.46, R2 = 0.21). Correlations between maturity (APHV) and MEF for males were from (r = 0.66, R2 = 0.44) and for females (r = 0.51, R2 = 0.26). Percentiles were calculated for chronological age and APHV. Conclusion: Differences occurred in MEF when compared with other geographical regions of the world. We determined that maturity may be a more effective indicator for analyzing MEF. Reference values were generated using chronological age and maturity.

scholarly journals Erythrocyte Antioxidative Enzymes in Experimentally Induced Osteopenia in Rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 669-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radosław P. Radzki ◽  
Marek Bieńko ◽  
Edyta Albera ◽  
Marta Kankofer
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Content ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Initial Body Weight ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Bone Parameters ◽  
Dynamic Relationship ◽  
Healthy Female ◽  
Female Wistar Rats ◽  
Determination Of Activity

Abstract The study aimed at the determination of dynamic relationship between mineralisation processes and antioxidative/oxidative status during the development of osteopenia. One hundred and two healthy female Wistar rats at the age of 2 months and initial body weight of 200 g were used in the experiment. The rats were divided into control (CON, n=6), sham operated (SHO, n=48), and ovariectomised (OVX, n=48) groups. Animals from SHO (n=6) and OVX (n=6) groups were sacrificed every week during 8 weeks of the experiment in order to detect dynamic changes in examined parameters. The samples were collected weekly from day 7 to day 56. The femora were examined with the use of DXA (bone mineral density) and pQCT (area, mineral content, volumetric density of trabecular and cortical part of distal femora). The pQCT scans were performed 5 mm from distal end of the tibia. The determination of activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in haemolysates of erythrocytes were performed spectrophotometrically. Obtained data showed wave like changes in both enzyme activities and bone parameters and indicated the importance of the 2nd-3rd and 5th-6th week after surgery as a key moment for bone metabolism and activity of enzymatic antioxidative defence during the development of osteopenia induced by bilateral ovariectomy. The obtained results proved that alterations in activity of GSH-Px and SOD, and pQCT ahead the changes registered by DXA by 7 d.

POSSIBILITIES OF A LABORATORY TEST BASED ON THE DETERMINATION OF THE T-CELL RESPONSE TO STIMULATION WITH SPECIFIC CFP10 AND ESAT6 ANTIGENS IN THE DETECTION OF TUBERCULOSIS INFECTION IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 128-132
Author(s):  
R.H. Fatykhova ◽  
◽  
L.А. Bаryshnikovа ◽  
D.A. Kudlay ◽  
A.P. Alekseev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Test ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
T Cell Response ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Mantoux Test ◽  
History Of ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Reverse Development

Objective of the study: to explore the possibilities of T-SPOT.TB testing to detect tuberculosis infection (TI) in children and adolescents. Materials and methods of research: the design – a multicenter retrospective cohort noncomparative uncontrolled study. The results of examination of children aged 1 to 17 years using the T-SPOT.TB test (n=1565): 774 boys (49,5%), 791 girls (50,5%). The median age of children is 8 [5; 13] years. Results: the rate of positive T-SPOT.TB tests was 7,2% (n=113). Further examination and in-depth examination of children with positive results (n=28), in every 4th case, a history of contact with a tuberculosis (TB) patient was established, every 4th child had previously been under treatment with phthisiatrician. The coincidence of positive results of the T-SPOT.TB test with the Mantoux test – in 87%, with the test with a recombinant tuberculosis allergen – in 100% of cases. Local TB in the phase of reverse development was detected in one child (4%), active TB – in 2 (7%). Conclusion: the T-SPOT.TB test is an alternative method for screening children for TI.

Recursive Determination of Parameter Uncertainty Intervals for Linear Models with Unknown But Bounded Errors

1994 ◽  
Vol 27 (8) ◽  
pp. 1309-1314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassani Messaoud ◽  
Hassani Messaoud ◽  
Gérard Favier
Keyword(s):  
Parameter Uncertainty ◽  
Linear Models
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