scholarly journals Temperature-Dependent Broadening of the Ultraviolet Photoelectron Spectrum of Au(110)

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (17) ◽  
pp. 5969
Author(s):  
Tomonari Nishida ◽  
Ikuo Kinoshita ◽  
Juntaro Ishii
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Photoelectron Spectrum ◽  
Thermodynamic Temperature ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Photoelectron Emission ◽  
The Fourier Transform ◽  
The Relationship

To determine the thermodynamic temperature of a solid surface from the electron energy distribution measured by photoelectron spectroscopy, it is necessary to accurately evaluate the energy broadening of the photoelectron spectrum and investigate its temperature dependence. Broadening functions in the photoelectron spectrum of Au(110)’s surface near the Fermi level were estimated successfully using the relationship between the Fourier transform and the convolution integral. The Fourier transform could simultaneously reduce the noise of the spectrum when the broadening function was derived. The derived function was in the form of a Gaussian, whose width depended on the thermodynamic temperature of the sample and became broader at higher temperatures. The results contribute to improve accuracy of the determination of thermodynamic temperature from the photoelectron spectrum and provide useful information on the temperature dependence of electron scattering in photoelectron emission processes.

scholarly journals Experimental determination of the temperature dependence of oxygen-isotope fractionation between water and chitinous head capsules of chironomid larvae

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Lombino ◽  
Tim Atkinson ◽  
Stephen J. Brooks ◽  
Darren R. Gröcke ◽  
Jonathan Holmes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Oxygen Isotope ◽  
Oxygen Isotopes ◽  
Isotope Fractionation ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Oxygen Isotope Fractionation ◽  
Chironomid Larvae ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractOxygen-isotope values of invertebrate cuticle preserved in lake sediments have been used in palaeoenvironmental reconstructions, generally with the assumption that fractionation of oxygen isotopes between cuticle and water ($$\upalpha_{\text{cuticle}-\text{H}_{2}\text{O}}$$ α cuticle - H 2 O ) is independent of temperature. We cultured chironomid larvae in the laboratory with labelled oxygen-isotope water and across a range of closely controlled temperatures from 5 to 25 °C in order to test the hypothesis that fractionation of oxygen isotopes between chironomid head capsules and water ($$\upalpha_{\text{chironomid}-\text{H}_{2}\text{O}}$$ α chironomid - H 2 O ) is independent of temperature. Results indicate that the hypothesis can be rejected, and that $$\upalpha_{\text{chironomid}-\text{H}_{2}\text{O}}$$ α chironomid - H 2 O decreases with increasing temperature. The scatter in the data suggests that further experiments are needed to verify the relationship. However, these results indicate that temperature-dependence of $$\upalpha_{\text{chironomid}-\text{H}_{2}\text{O}}$$ α chironomid - H 2 O should be considered when chironomid δ18O is used as a paleoenvironmental proxy, especially in cases where data from chironomids are combined with oxygen-isotope values from other materials for which fractionation is temperature dependent, such as calcite, in order to derive reconstructions of past water temperature.

Determination of starch crystallinity with the Fourier-transform terahertz spectrometer

2021 ◽  
Vol 262 ◽  
pp. 117928
Author(s):  
Shusaku Nakajima ◽  
Shuhei Horiuchi ◽  
Akifumi Ikehata ◽  
Yuichi Ogawa
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
The Fourier Transform ◽  
Starch Crystallinity

Computers and infrared spectroscopy: evolution and revolution

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (11) ◽  
pp. 1781-1785 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Moffatt ◽  
J. K. Kauppinen ◽  
H. H. Mantsch
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Maximum Entropy ◽  
Input Data ◽  
Maximum Entropy Method ◽  
Entropy Method ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Fourier Transform ◽  
The Relationship

A brief history of the relationship between computer and infrared spectroscopist is given with emphasis on the use of the Fourier transform. Subsequently, an algorithm is developed that may be used to devise an objective Fourier self-deconvolution procedure which depends only on the input data and is not subject to the biases that are often introduced in such subjective techniques. Key words: deconvolution, Fourier transform, maximum entropy method.

Maximum-entropy method as a routine tool for determination of particle size distributions by small-angle scattering

2004 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragomir Tatchev ◽  
Rainer Kranold
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Small Angle ◽  
Maximum Entropy Method ◽  
Entropy Method ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
Particle Size Distributions ◽  
Angle Scattering ◽  
The Fourier Transform

Several aspects of the application of the maximum-entropy method (MEM) to the determination of particle size distributions by small-angle scattering (SAS) are discussed. The `historic' version of the MEM produces completely satisfying results. Limiting the data error from below (i.e.imposing a minimal relative error) is proposed as a solution of some convergence problems. The MEM is tested against the Fourier transform technique. The size distribution of Pb particles in an Al–Pb alloy is determined by the MEM and the Fourier transform technique. The size distributions obtained by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and SAXS show partial agreement.

scholarly journals i-Rheo: determining the linear viscoelastic moduli of colloidal dispersions from step-stress measurements

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 3839-3848
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Rivas-Barbosa ◽  
Manuel A. Escobedo-Sánchez ◽  
Manlio Tassieri ◽  
Marco Laurati
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Colloidal Dispersions ◽  
Stress Measurements ◽  
Viscoelastic Moduli ◽  
Linear Viscoelastic ◽  
The Fourier Transform

The Fourier transform-based method ‘i-Rheo’ allows the accurate determination of material viscoelastic moduli from step-stress measurements.

The Pseudo-Atom Approximation in Direct Phase Determination of Protein Structures.

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1025-1026
Author(s):  
Douglas L. Dorset
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Protein Structures ◽  
Direct Methods ◽  
Direct Solution ◽  
Phase Problem ◽  
Electron Crystallography ◽  
Phase Determination ◽  
The Fourier Transform

In principle, the availability of high-resolution micrographs in electron crystallography is a direct solution of the phase problem that has been used to great advantage for the study of proteins. However, as the resolution of the determination increases, the Fourier transform of the micrograph becomes a less accurate phase source. Hence, alternative direct methods for phase determination have been evaluated, if only to extend the resolution of most reliable lower resolution phases to the limit of the electron diffraction pattern. The first demonstration of its feasibility was published in a study of bacteriorhodopsin extending 15 Å image phases to beyond 3 Å by maximum entropy and likelihood procedures i. Later studies demonstrated that convolutional methods also can be effective.In protein crystallography, there is always an interest in carrying out a true ab initio determinations, if only because of the challenge to traditional direct methods that become statistically less reliable as the number of atoms in the unit cell increases.

Response of Cylindrical Cavity to Traveling Load in Bore

1974 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 800-801
Author(s):  
M. Kojima
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Dynamic Response ◽  
Stress Analysis ◽  
Cylindrical Cavity ◽  
Loading Condition ◽  
Infinite Medium ◽  
Transient Solution ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Fourier Transform ◽  
The Relationship

Stress analysis was carried out on a cylindrical cavity in an infinite medium. The normal tractions, which act along the circumference of the bore, rotate continuously or change their rotating directions at t = 0. In this analysis, the Fourier-transform technique according to the theory of distributions was employed to investigate the relationship between the loading condition of traveling traction and the dynamic response. The theory of distributions verified the past solutions and in this analysis it also revealed the possibility of some transient solution.

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