scholarly journals Win, Draw, or Lose? Global Positioning System-Based Variables’ Effect on the Match Outcome: A Full-Season Study on an Iranian Professional Soccer Team

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (17) ◽  
pp. 5695
Author(s):  
Hadi Nobari ◽  
Norbert Keshish Banoocy ◽  
Rafael Oliveira ◽  
Jorge Pérez-Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Global Positioning System ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Measurement Unit ◽  
Positioning System ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Pacing Strategies ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Soccer Team

The aim of the study was to determine the between-match and between-halves match variability of various Global Positioning System (GPS) variables and metabolic power average (MPA) in competitions, based on the match results obtained by professional soccer players over a full season. Observations on individual match performance measures were undertaken on thirteen outfield players competing in the Iranian Premier League. The measures selected for analysis included total duration, accelerations in zones (AccZ1, 2, and 3), decelerations in zones (DecZ1, 2, and 3), and MPA collected by the Wearable Inertial Measurement Unit (WIMU). The GPS manufacturer set the thresholds for the variables analyzed as follows: AccZ1 (<2 m.s−2); AccZ2 (2 to 4 m.s−2); AccZ3 (>4 m.s−2); DecZ1 (<−2 m.s−2); DecZ2 (−2 to −4 m.s−2); DecZ3 (>−4 m.s−2). The results revealed significant differences between wins and draws for the duration of the match and draws compared to wins for the first- half duration (p ≤ 0.05; ES = 0.36 [−0.43,1.12]), (p ≤ 0.05; ES = −7.0 [−8.78, −4.78], respectively. There were significant differences on AccZ1 during the first-half between draws and defeats (p ≤ 0.05; ES = −0.43 [−1.32,0.46]), for AccZ3 in the second-half between draws and defeats (p ≤ 0.05; ES = 1.37 [0.48,2.25]). In addition, there were significant differences between wins and draws (p ≤ 0.05; ES = 0.22 [−0.62,1.10]), and wins and defeats for MPA in the first- half (p ≤ 0.05; ES = 0.34 [−0.65,1.22]). MPA showed further differences between draws and defeats in the second- half (p ≤ 0.05; ES = 0.57 [−0.22,1.35]). Descriptive analysis revealed differences between the first and second half for wins in AccZ2 (p = 0.005), DecZ2 (p = 0.029), and MPA (p = 0.048). In addition, draws showed significant differences between the first and second half in duration, AccZ1, AccZ2, and DecZ2 (p = 0.008), (p = 0.017), (p = 0.040), and (p = 0.037) respectively. Defeats showed differences between the first and second half in AccZ1, AccZ3, and MPA (p = 0.001), (p = 0.018), and (p = 0.003) respectively. In summary, the study reveals large variations between the match duration, accelerometer variables, and MPA both within and between matches. Regardless of the match outcome, the first half seems to produce greater outputs. The results should be considered when performing a half-time re-warm-up, as this may be an additional factor influencing the drop in the intensity markers in the second half in conjunction with factors such as fatigue, pacing strategies, and other contextual variables that may influence the results.

scholarly journals Variations of Accelerometer and Metabolic Power Global Positioning System Variables across a Soccer Season: A Within-Group Study for Starters and Non-Starters

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 6747
Author(s):  
Hadi Nobari ◽  
Rafael Oliveira ◽  
Marefat Siahkouhian ◽  
Jorge Pérez-Gómez ◽  
Florin Cazan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Positioning System ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Positioning System ◽  
Metabolic Power ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Lower Load ◽  
System Variables ◽  
In The Beginning

The aims of this study were to analyze the within-group weekly metabolic power average (wMPA), weekly acceleration zones (wAcZ), and weekly deceleration zones (wDcZ), in starter and non-starter professional soccer players, based on different periods of the full season (pre-, early-, mid-, and end-season). Twenty-one professional soccer players (age, 28.3 ± 3.8 years; height, 181.2 ± 7.1 cm; body mass, 74.5 ± 7.7 kg; BMI, 22.6 ± 1.0 kg·m2) were monitored during the full season in the highest level of the Iranian Premier League. WMPA, wAcZ, and wDcZ at three different zones (wAcZ1, wAcZ2, wAcZ3, wDcZ1, wDcZ2, wDcZ3) were collected using Global Positioning System. ANOVA was applied to analyze within-group changes across the different periods of the full season. In general, starters presented higher values in the beginning of the season (pre- and early-season) and lower values at mid- and end-season. Specifically, starters showed significant differences in early- vs. mid-season for wMPA, wAcZ1, and wDcZ1 (p < 0.05), plus early- vs. end-season for wMPA and wAcZ1 (p < 0.01). In addition, non-starters showed higher values in the pre-season that decreased until the end-season for wMPA, wAcZ1, and wDcZ1. Regarding wAcZ2, wDcZ2, wAcZ3, and wDcZ3, non-starters presented higher values in early-season that decreased until the end-season. Specifically, non-starters showed significant differences in pre- vs. mid-season for wMPA, wAcZ1, and wDcZ1; pre- vs. end-season for wMPA, wDcZ1, wDccZ2, and wDcZ3; early- vs. mid-season for wMPA, wAcZ1, wDcZ1, wAcZ2, and wDccZ2; early- vs. end-season for wMPA, wAcZ1, wDcZ1, wAcZ2 wDccZ2, wAcZ3, and wDcZ3; and mid- vs. end-season for wMPA, wAcZ1, and wAcZ3 (p < 0.05). In conclusion, starters were revealed to have higher values in pre- and early-season, and lower values in mid- to end-season, while non-starters were revealed to have lower load values in pre- and end-season and higher load values in early- and mid-season. This study provides extra insights over the season for starters and non-starters, respectively. Data can be used by coaches to better training periodization across soccer season.

scholarly journals Physical Demands of Top-Class Soccer Friendly Matches in Relation to a Playing Position Using Global Positioning System Technology

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Mallo ◽  
Esteban Mena ◽  
Fabio Nevado ◽  
Víctor Paredes
Keyword(s):  
Global Positioning System ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Positioning System ◽  
Physical Demands ◽  
Gps Technology ◽  
Total Distance ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Rate Profile ◽  
Very High

AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine the physical demands imposed on professional soccer players during 11-a-side friendly matches in relation to their playing position, using global positioning system (GPS) technology. One hundred and eleven match performances of a Spanish “La Liga” team during the 2010-11 and 2011-12 pre-seasons were selected for analysis. The activities of the players were monitored using GPS technology with a sampling frequency of 1 Hz. Total distance covered, distance in different speed categories, accelerations, and heart rate responses were analyzed in relation to five different playing positions: central defenders (n=23), full-backs (n=20), central midfielders (n=22), wide midfielders (n=26), and forwards (n=20). Distance covered during a match averaged 10.8 km, with wide and central midfielders covering the greatest total distance. Specifically, wide midfielders covered the greatest distances by very high-intensity running (>19.8 km·h-1) and central midfielders by jogging and running (7.2-19.7 km·h-1). On the other hand, central defenders covered the least total distance and at high intensity, although carried out more (p<0.05-0.01) accelerations than forwards, wide midfielders, and fullbacks. The work rate profile of the players obtained with the GPS was very similar to that obtained with semi-automatic image technologies. However, when comparing results from this study with data available in the literature, important differences were detected in the amount of distance covered by sprinting, which suggests that caution should be taken when comparing data obtained with the GPS with other motion analysis systems, especially regarding high-intensity activities.

scholarly journals Relative Training Load and Match Outcome: Are Professional Soccer Players Actually Undertrained during the In-Season?

Sports ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Toni Modric ◽  
Mario Jelicic ◽  
Damir Sekulic
Keyword(s):  
Global Positioning System ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Positioning System ◽  
Distance Ratio ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Global Positioning

Previous studies examined training/match ratios (TMr) to determine the training load relative to the match load, but the influence of the relative training load (RTL) on success in soccer is still unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the possible influence of RTL on final match outcome in soccer (win, draw, and loss). Running performances (RP) of soccer players (n = 21) in the Croatian highest national soccer competition were analyzed during the season 2020–2021. Data were measured by the global positioning system in 14 official matches and 67 training sessions. RTL was assessed by TMr, which were calculated as the ratio of RP during training and match in the same week, evaluating the following measures: TDr (total distance ratio), LIDr (low-intensity distance ratio), RDr (running distance ratio), HIDr (high-intensity distance ratio), ACCr (total accelerations ratio), DECr (total decelerations ratio), HI-ACCr (high-intensity accelerations ratio), HI-DECr (high-intensity decelerations ratio). All TMr were examined separately for each training session within in-season microcycles (categorized as days before the match day, i.e., MD minus). Spearman correlations were used to identify association between match outcome and TMr. The results indicated negative associations between match outcome and TDr, LIDr, ACCr and DECr on MD-1 and MD-2). In contrast, positive associations were evidenced between match outcome, and HIDr on MD-3 and TDr, LIDr, ACCr and DECr on MD-5 (p < 0.05; all moderate correlations). These findings demonstrate that final match outcome in soccer was associated with greater RTL of (i) high-intensity running three days before the match, (ii) total and low-intensity running, accelerations and decelerations five days before the match, and (iii) lower RTL of total and low-intensity running, accelerations and decelerations one and two days before the match.

Cartesian Control for the Inertial Measurement Unit Calibration Platform

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J. Hall ◽  
Robert L. Williams ◽  
Frank van Graas
Keyword(s):  
Global Positioning System ◽  
Inertial Measurement Unit ◽  
Vertical Motion ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Measurement Unit ◽  
Positioning System ◽  
Ohio University ◽  
Inertial Measurement ◽  
Gps Technology ◽  
Global Positioning

Abstract The Department of Mechanical Engineering and the Avionics Engineering Center at Ohio University are developing an electromechanical system for the calibration of an inertial measurement unit (IMU) using global positioning system (GPS) antennas. The GPS antennas and IMU are mounted to a common platform to be oriented in the angular roll, pitch, and yaw motions. Vertical motion is also included to test the systems in a vibrational manner. A four-dof system based on the parallel Carpal Wrist is under development for this task. High-accuracy positioning is not required from the platform since the GPS technology provides absolute positioning for the IMU calibration process.

An autonomous rice transplanter guided by global positioning system and inertial measurement unit

2009 ◽  
Vol 26 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 537-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshisada Nagasaka ◽  
Hidefumi Saito ◽  
Katsuhiko Tamaki ◽  
Masahiro Seki ◽  
Kyo Kobayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Positioning System ◽  
Inertial Measurement Unit ◽  
Measurement Unit ◽  
Positioning System ◽  
Inertial Measurement ◽  
Global Positioning

scholarly journals Vehicle location measurement method for radio-shadow area through iBeacon message

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 155014771881257
Author(s):  
ChoonSung Nam ◽  
Dong-Ryeol Shin
Keyword(s):  
Global Positioning System ◽  
Inertial Measurement Unit ◽  
Measurement Unit ◽  
Positioning System ◽  
Inertial Measurement ◽  
Location Data ◽  
Shadow Area ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Vehicle Location ◽  
Roadside Unit

Information communication technology related vehicle services need to support location and the transmission of communication and traffic information between vehicles, or between vehicles and infrastructure. In particular, the technology for the measurement of the accurate location of a vehicle is dependent on location-determination technology like Global Positioning System, and this technology is very important for vehicle driving and location services. If, however, a vehicle is in a Global Positioning System radio-shadow area, neither a Global Positioning System nor a Differential Global Positioning System can accurately measure the corresponding location because of a high error rate caused by the shadowing intervention. Even an Inertial Measurement Unit could provide inaccurate location data due to sensor drift faults around corners and traffic-road speed dumps. Vehicles, therefore, need an absolute location to prevent the provision of inaccurate vehicle-location data that is due to radio-shadow areas and relational Inertial Measurement Unit positions. To achieve this, we assume that vehicle-to-infrastructure communication is possible between a vehicle and roadside unit in Vehicular Ad hoc Networks. We used iBeacon at the roadside unit and revised its Universally Unique Identifier so that it generates absolute Global Positioning System location data; that is, moving vehicles can receive absolute Global Positioning System data from the roadside unit-based iBeacon. We compared the proposed method with current Global Positioning System and Inertial Measurement Unit systems for the following two cases: one with a radio-shadow area and one without. We proved that the proposed method generates location data that are more accurate than those of the other methods.

scholarly journals Uji Presisi dari Nonholonomic Mobile Robot pada Rancang Bangun Sistem Navigasi

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Desmas A. Patriawan ◽  
Bagoes P. Natakusuma ◽  
Ahmad Anas Arifin ◽  
Hasan S. Maulana ◽  
Hery Irawan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Robot ◽  
Global Positioning System ◽  
Measurement Unit ◽  
Positioning System ◽  
Nonholonomic Mobile Robot ◽  
Global Positioning

Navigasi menjadi bagian yang penting bagi kendaraan. Global positioning system (GPS) merupakan sistem navigasi yang paling banyak digunakan pada kendaraan. Namun dengan akurasi 5-10 meter membuat GPS tidak bisa diaplikasikan dalam bagian sistem kendali pada kendaraan. Penambahan sensor inertia measurement unit (IMU) diharapkan mampu menambahkan akurasi pada Gerakan kendaraan. Kendaran yang digunakan adalah robot beroda dengan sistem nonholonomic. Pada robot ini dipasang Sensor IMU, GPS dan kontroler supaya robot tersebut bisa berputar lalu melaju secara lurus dengan kordinat yang sudah ditentukan. Hasil pengujian didapatkan robot memiliki respon time sebesar 4.1 detik tanpa kontroler dan 2.1 detik dengan kontroler. Akurasi sudut dari 5  menjadi 2 .

WORKLOADS OF YOUNG SOCCER PLAYERS

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 199-210
Author(s):  
Karol Pilis ◽  
Krzysztof Stec ◽  
Zbigniew Witkowski ◽  
Arkadiusz Stanula ◽  
Tomasz Gabrys ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Global Positioning System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Positioning System ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Average Speed ◽  
Post Hoc Analysis ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Post Hoc

The purpose of this study is to present a comparison of the workload demonstrated by young soccer players during the phases of warm-up (WU), first half (FH) and second half (SH) of a league match. Eleven young Polish soccer players took part in this research, playing a league match after completing the WU. During the WU, FH and SH of the match the following variables were recorded: total distance run, maximal and average speed achieved during the runs, number of sprints, distances run in the different speed zones, durations of increased heart rate (HR) in specific ranges, and the maximal, mean and minimal HR. The variables were recorded by means of the Global Positioning System (GPS). The research showed that there were significant differences between the WU, FH and SH in the total distances run (F=30.107, p<0.001), the average speed achieved during the runs (F=37.731, p<0.001), the distances run at different speeds (p<0.001), the duration of increased HR in specific zones, and HRmean (p=0.002) and HRmin (p<0.001). Post hoc analysis confirmed that, for the majority of the analyzed parameters, the WU provided a smaller load for the body than did the FH or SH, the intensity of which in some part was higher than that encountered at the anaerobic threshold. In conclusion, it has been shown that the WU and the two halves of the match load the body to varying degrees, the former doing so to a lesser extent than FH or SH.

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