scholarly journals SpecTalk: Conforming IoT Implementations to Sensor Specifications

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (16) ◽  
pp. 5260
Author(s):  
Yi-Bing Lin ◽  
Sheng-Lin Chou
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Application Programming Interface ◽  
Signal Frequency ◽  
Visual Test ◽  
Gray Area ◽  
Control Signals ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Monitoring Camera ◽  
Self Test ◽  
Iot Devices

Due to the fast evolution of Sensor and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, several large-scale smart city applications have been commercially developed in recent years. In these developments, the contracts are often disputed in the acceptance due to the fact that the contract specification is not clear, resulting in a great deal of discussion of the gray area. Such disputes often occur in the acceptance processes of smart buildings, mainly because most intelligent building systems are expensive and the operations of the sub-systems are very complex. This paper proposes SpecTalk, a platform that automatically generates the code to conform IoT applications to the Taiwan Association of Information and Communication Standards (TAICS) specifications. SpecTalk generates a program to accommodate the application programming interface of the IoT devices under test (DUTs). Then, the devices can be tested by SpecTalk following the TAICS data formats. We describe three types of tests: self-test, mutual-test, and visual test. A self-test involves the sensors and the actuators of the same DUT. A mutual-test involves the sensors and the actuators of different DUTs. A visual-test uses a monitoring camera to investigate the actuators of multiple DUTs. We conducted these types of tests in commercially deployed applications of smart campus constructions. Our experiments in the tests proved that SpecTalk is feasible and can effectively conform IoT implementations to TACIS specifications. We also propose a simple analytic model to select the frequency of the control signals for the input patterns in a SpecTalk test. Our study indicates that it is appropriate to select the control signal frequency, such that the inter-arrival time between two control signals is larger than 10 times the activation delay of the DUT.

СОЦИАЛЬНО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЕ КОНФЛИКТЫ В РАМКАХ «КАПИТАЛИЗМА ПЛАТФОРМ»

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
L. V. Tomin
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Network Effects ◽  
Corporate Control ◽  
Balance Of Power ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Communication Infrastructure ◽  
Political Effects ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Integrated Information

The article is devoted to the analysis of the structure, the peculiarities of functioning and the socio-economic and political effects of the «platform capitalism». The basis of this model is the network effects produced by the integrated information and communication infrastructure, which contribute to the monopolization and the constant expansion of platform companies into new areas. The principle of functioning of this infrastructure is the continuous collection and further monetization of data extracted from the interactions of individuals among themselves or with one of the elements of a digitalized economy or government structures. Such an infrastructure — forms a potential threat of strengthening state and corporate control over citizens. In addition, the activities of platform companies produce negative effects on the labor market, reinforcing the process of precarization of employment. The integrated information and communication infrastructure of platform companies form a system of a kind of «digital Taylorism», which deprives the employee of autonomy and privacy in the workplace. The influence of digitalization, subjected to the technocratic logic of the neoliberal model of governance in democratic countries, strengthens the de-politicization of relations between the citizen and the state and further changes the balance of power between labor and capital in favor of the latter. Large-scale protests of the last years against the companies of “capitalism of platforms” demonstrated the structural contradictions of this model and formed new forms of organization and actions of grassroots workers of the “digital economy”.

To the comparative analysis of the digitalization process of state administration in Russia and other countries

2020 ◽  
pp. 75-117
Author(s):  
A.N. Shvetsov
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Electronic Government ◽  
Digital Government ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Comprehensive Programs

The article compares the processes of dissemination of modern information and communication technologies in government bodies in Russia and abroad. It is stated that Russia began the transition to «electronic government» later than the developed countries, in which this process was launched within the framework of large-scale and comprehensive programs for reforming public administration in the 1980s and 1990s. However, to date, there is an alignment in the pace and content of digitalization tasks. At a new stage in this process, the concept of «electronic government» under the influence of such newest phenomena of the emerging information society as methods of analysis of «big data», «artificial intelligence», «Internet of things», «blockchain» is being transformed into the category of «digital government». Achievements and prospects of public administration digitalization are considered on the example of countries with the highest ratings — Denmark, Australia, Republic of Korea, Great Britain, USA and Russia.

scholarly journals Contribution of Ionotropic Glutamatergic Receptors to Excitability and Attentional Signals in Macaque Frontal Eye Field

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Dasilva ◽  
Christian Brandt ◽  
Marc Alwin Gieselmann ◽  
Claudia Distler ◽  
Alexander Thiele
Keyword(s):  
Attentional Control ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Neuronal Excitability ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Receptor Activation ◽  
Frontal Eye Field ◽  
Control Signals ◽  
Cognitive Operations ◽  
Eye Field ◽  
Large Scale Networks

Abstract Top-down attention, controlled by frontal cortical areas, is a key component of cognitive operations. How different neurotransmitters and neuromodulators flexibly change the cellular and network interactions with attention demands remains poorly understood. While acetylcholine and dopamine are critically involved, glutamatergic receptors have been proposed to play important roles. To understand their contribution to attentional signals, we investigated how ionotropic glutamatergic receptors in the frontal eye field (FEF) of male macaques contribute to neuronal excitability and attentional control signals in different cell types. Broad-spiking and narrow-spiking cells both required N-methyl-D-aspartic acid and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor activation for normal excitability, thereby affecting ongoing or stimulus-driven activity. However, attentional control signals were not dependent on either glutamatergic receptor type in broad- or narrow-spiking cells. A further subdivision of cell types into different functional types using cluster-analysis based on spike waveforms and spiking characteristics did not change the conclusions. This can be explained by a model where local blockade of specific ionotropic receptors is compensated by cell embedding in large-scale networks. It sets the glutamatergic system apart from the cholinergic system in FEF and demonstrates that a reduction in excitability is not sufficient to induce a reduction in attentional control signals.

scholarly journals IoT Traffic: Modeling and Measurement Experiments

IoT ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 140-162
Author(s):  
Hung Nguyen-An ◽  
Thomas Silverston ◽  
Taku Yamazaki ◽  
Takumi Miyoshi
Keyword(s):  
Smart Home ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Traffic Modeling ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Network Behavior ◽  
Performance Accuracy ◽  
Traffic Generator ◽  
Multiple Devices ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
The Internet Of Things

We now use the Internet of things (IoT) in our everyday lives. The novel IoT devices collect cyber–physical data and provide information on the environment. Hence, IoT traffic will count for a major part of Internet traffic; however, its impact on the network is still widely unknown. IoT devices are prone to cyberattacks because of constrained resources or misconfigurations. It is essential to characterize IoT traffic and identify each device to monitor the IoT network and discriminate among legitimate and anomalous IoT traffic. In this study, we deployed a smart-home testbed comprising several IoT devices to study IoT traffic. We performed extensive measurement experiments using a novel IoT traffic generator tool called IoTTGen. This tool can generate traffic from multiple devices, emulating large-scale scenarios with different devices under different network conditions. We analyzed the IoT traffic properties by computing the entropy value of traffic parameters and visually observing the traffic on behavior shape graphs. We propose a new method for identifying traffic entropy-based devices, computing the entropy values of traffic features. The method relies on machine learning to classify the traffic. The proposed method succeeded in identifying devices with a performance accuracy up to 94% and is robust with unpredictable network behavior with traffic anomalies spreading in the network.

COMPOSITE TRANSISTOR CELL USING DYNAMIC BODY BIAS FOR HIGH GAIN AND LOW-VOLTAGE APPLICATIONS

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (08) ◽  
pp. 1450108 ◽  
Author(s):  
VANDANA NIRANJAN ◽  
ASHWANI KUMAR ◽  
SHAIL BALA JAIN
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Supply Voltage ◽  
High Gain ◽  
Signal Frequency ◽  
Output Impedance ◽  
Self Cascode ◽  
Intrinsic Gain ◽  
Body Bias

In this work, a new composite transistor cell using dynamic body bias technique is proposed. This cell is based on self cascode topology. The key attractive feature of the proposed cell is that body effect is utilized to realize asymmetric threshold voltage self cascode structure. The proposed cell has nearly four times higher output impedance than its conventional version. Dynamic body bias technique increases the intrinsic gain of the proposed cell by 11.17 dB. Analytical formulation for output impedance and intrinsic gain parameters of the proposed cell has been derived using small signal analysis. The proposed cell can operate at low power supply voltage of 1 V and consumes merely 43.1 nW. PSpice simulation results using 180 nm CMOS technology from Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC) are included to prove the unique results. The proposed cell could constitute an efficient analog Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) cell library in the design of high gain analog integrated circuits and is particularly interesting for biomedical and instrumentation applications requiring low-voltage low-power operation capability where the processing signal frequency is very low.

scholarly journals A Proximal Algorithm for Fork-Choice in Distributed Ledger Technology for Context-Based Clustering on Edge Computing

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
Rahim Rahmani ◽  
Ramin Firouzi ◽  
Sachiko Lim ◽  
Mahbub Alam
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Edge Computing ◽  
Computing Technology ◽  
Proximal Algorithm ◽  
Data Intensive ◽  
Distributed Ledger ◽  
Smart Contract ◽  
Distributed Ledger Technology ◽  
Iot Devices

The major challenges of operating data-intensive of Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) are (1) to reach consensus on the main chain as a set of validators cast public votes to decide on which blocks to finalize and (2) scalability on how to increase the number of chains which will be running in parallel. In this paper, we introduce a new proximal algorithm that scales DLT in a large-scale Internet of Things (IoT) devices network. We discuss how the algorithm benefits the integrating DLT in IoT by using edge computing technology, taking the scalability and heterogeneous capability of IoT devices into consideration. IoT devices are clustered dynamically into groups based on proximity context information. A cluster head is used to bridge the IoT devices with the DLT network where a smart contract is deployed. In this way, the security of the IoT is improved and the scalability and latency are solved. We elaborate on our mechanism and discuss issues that should be considered and implemented when using the proposed algorithm, we even show how it behaves with varying parameters like latency or when clustering.

scholarly journals Social Network Analysis and Mining to Monitor and Identify Problems with Large-Scale Information and Communication Technology Interventions

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. e0146220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra do Socorro da Silva ◽  
Silvana Rossy de Brito ◽  
Nandamudi Lankalapalli Vijaykumar ◽  
Cláudio Alex Jorge da Rocha ◽  
Maurílio de Abreu Monteiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Social Network Analysis ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Information And Communication Technology ◽  
Communication Technology ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Information And Communication

scholarly journals Countermeasures against large-scale reflection DDoS attacks using exploit IoT devices

Automatika ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-136
Author(s):  
Yong-joon Lee ◽  
Hwa-sung Chae ◽  
Keun-wang Lee
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Ddos Attacks ◽  
Iot Devices

Research on Modulation Multiplexing System and Technique Employing Tilted Grating

2013 ◽  
Vol 397-400 ◽  
pp. 1643-1647
Author(s):  
Hui Bo Wang ◽  
Zhi Quan Li
Keyword(s):  
Delay Time ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Intelligent System ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Response Speed ◽  
Signal Frequency ◽  
System Response ◽  
Photodiode Array ◽  
Speed Simulation ◽  
Demodulation Method

A dual demodulation technique based on tilted grating and InGaAs photodiode array is proposed; using the coupling modes of the cladding, a wavelength demodulation method with the tilted grating as the spectroscopic device is realized. This method can achieve that the demodulation of the channel in which the sensing information changed and the optimization of collection rules of the system. Two tunable F-P filters scan and demodulate the sensing path simultaneously to further improve the system response speed. Simulation analysis and experiments results indicate that the average demodulation time is 40ms and the average signal frequency can reach 15Hz. In addition, the demodulation bandwidth is 40nm, and its wavelength demodulation precision can reach 20pm. The system has advantages of the shorter delay time, and the demodulation time is immune to the number of channels, etc.. Therefore, this system is able to meet the smart requirement of some complex systems and large scale distributed intelligent system.

scholarly journals Neotecnicismo - a Retomada do Tecnicismo em Novas Bases

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Andréa Villela Mafra da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Educational Policies ◽  
Present Moment ◽  
Total Quality ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Technical Rationality

Trata-se de um artigo de revisão, que busca estudar o contexto neotecnicista mais recente, apresentado agora sob a forma de um processo de ensino e aprendizagem centrado nos resultados, em que se propõe a mesma racionalidade técnica dos anos setenta, para assim garantir a efciência e a produtividade na educação. Fazendo um resgate da história da educação brasileira, já na década de setenta, a confguração do discurso pedagógico estava atrelada aos princípios de racionalidade, efciência e produtividade. A pedagogia tecnicista estruturava o processo educativo em uma perspectiva operacional. Reportando-se ao momento atual, ao se examinar as políticas educacionais se encontra a ideia do neotecnicismo atrelada às avaliações de larga escala, com base nos conceitos de efciência, de produtividade e de qualidade total. Nesse contexto, a estratégia parece ser a incorporação das tecnologias na educação no primado da dimensão técnica. Em outras palavras, o neotecnicismo pedagógico se faz presente nas atuais políticas educacionais, que enfatizam o critério da qualidade com base na utilização das tecnologias como estratégia de adequação da educação escolar à sociedade da informação. A pesquisa é bibliográfca com aportes em artigos científcos e documentos ofciais. O estudo conclui que o paradigma neotecnicista poderá trazer novas formas de racionalização do sistema educativo, especialmente, através de concepções educacionais ancoradas no discurso da qualidade total na educação.Palavras-chave: Políticas Educacionais. Neotecnicismo. Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação.AbstractThis is a review article that seeks to study the latest neotechnical context, now presented in the form of a teaching and centered learning results, which proposes the same technical rationality of the seventies in order to ensure the efciency and productivity in education. Making a rescue of the history of Brazilian education, already in the seventies, the confguration of the pedagogical discourse was associated with the principles of rationality, efciency and productivity. The technicist pedagogy structured the educational process in an operational perspective. Referring to the present moment, as the educational policies are examined is the idea of linked neotechnicism to the large-scale assessments based on the concepts of efciency, productivity and overall quality. In this context, the strategy seems to be the incorporation of technology in education in the primacy of the technical dimension. In other words, the pedagogical neotechnicism is present in the current educational policies that emphasize the quality criteria based on the use of technology as a strategy of adaptation of education to the information society. The research is literature with contributions in scientifc papers and ofcial documents . The study concludes that the neotechnical paradigm can bring new ways of streamlining the education system, especially through educational conceptions anchored in total quality discourse in education.Keywords: Educational Policies. Neotechnicism . Information and Communication Technologies.

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