scholarly journals A Blockchain-Based Spatial Crowdsourcing System for Spatial Information Collection Using a Reward Distribution

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (15) ◽  
pp. 5146
Author(s):  
Masoud Kamali ◽  
Mohammad Reza Malek ◽  
Sara Saeedi ◽  
Steve Liang
Keyword(s):  
Privacy Preservation ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Information Privacy ◽  
Substantial Effect ◽  
Location Based Services ◽  
Spatial Crowdsourcing ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
System A ◽  
System Information ◽  
Reward Mechanism

Due to the increasing relevance of spatial information in different aspects of location-based services, various methods are used to collect this information. The use of crowdsourcing due to plurality and distribution is a remarkable strategy for collecting information, especially spatial information. Crowdsourcing can have a substantial effect on increasing the accuracy of data. However, many centralized crowdsourcing systems lack security and transparency due to a trusted party’s existence. With the emergence of blockchain technology, there has been an increase in security, transparency, and traceability in spatial crowdsourcing systems. In this paper, we propose a blockchain-based spatial crowdsourcing system in which workers confirm or reject the accuracy of tasks. Tasks are reports submitted by requesters to the system; a report comprises type and location. To our best knowledge, the proposed system is the first system that all participants receive rewards. This system considers spatial and non-spatial reward factors to encourage users’ participation in collecting accurate spatial information. Privacy preservation and security of spatial information are considered in the system. We also evaluated the system efficiency. According to the experiment results, using the proposed system, information accuracy increased by 40%, and the minimum time for reviewing reports by facilities reduced by 30%. Moreover, we compared the proposed system with the current centralized and distributed crowdsourcing systems. This comparison shows that, although our proposed system omits the user’s history to preserve privacy, it considers a consensus-based approach to guarantee submitted reports’ accuracy. The proposed system also has a reward mechanism to encourage more participation.

Constructing Floor Plan through Smoke Using Ultra Wideband Radar

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Weiyan Chen ◽  
Fusang Zhang ◽  
Tao Gu ◽  
Kexing Zhou ◽  
Zixuan Huo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Information ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Indoor Navigation ◽  
Location Based Services ◽  
Ultra Wideband ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
Floor Plan ◽  
Construction Methods ◽  
Median Error ◽  
Indoor Scenarios

Floor plan construction has been one of the key techniques in many important applications such as indoor navigation, location-based services, and emergency rescue. Existing floor plan construction methods require expensive dedicated hardware (e.g., Lidar or depth camera), and may not work in low-visibility environments (e.g., smoke, fog or dust). In this paper, we develop a low-cost Ultra Wideband (UWB)-based system (named UWBMap) that is mounted on a mobile robot platform to construct floor plan through smoke. UWBMap leverages on low-cost and off-the-shelf UWB radar, and it is able to construct an indoor map with an accuracy comparable to Lidar (i.e., the state-of-the-art). The underpinning technique is to take advantage of the mobility of radar to form virtual antennas and gather spatial information of a target. UWBMap also eliminates both robot motion noise and environmental noise to enhance weak reflection from small objects for the robust construction process. In addition, we overcome the limited view of single radar by combining multi-view from multiple radars. Extensive experiments in different indoor environments show that UWBMap achieves a map construction with a median error of 11 cm and a 90-percentile error of 26 cm, and it operates effectively in indoor scenarios with glass wall and dense smoke.

scholarly journals Decentralized collaborative TTP free approach for privacy preservation in location based services

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 5376
Author(s):  
Ajaysinh Devendrasinh Rathod ◽  
Saurabh Shah ◽  
Vivaksha J. Jariwala
Keyword(s):  
Privacy Preservation ◽  
Location Privacy ◽  
Emergency Services ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Personal Digital Assistant ◽  
Minimum Cost ◽  
Location Based Services ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Trusted Third Party ◽  
Recent Trends

In recent trends, growth of location based services have been increased due to the large usage of cell phones, personal digital assistant and other devices like location based navigation, emergency services, location based social networking, location based advertisement, etc. Users are provided with important information based on location to the service provider that results the compromise with their personal information like user’s identity, location privacy etc. To achieve location privacy of the user, cryptographic technique is one of the best technique which gives assurance. Location based services are classified as Trusted Third Party (TTP) & without Trusted Third Party that uses cryptographic approaches. TTP free is one of the prominent approach in which it uses peer-to-peer model. In this approach, important users mutually connect with each other to form a network to work without the use of any person/server. There are many existing approaches in literature for privacy preserving location based services, but their solutions are at high cost or not supporting scalability.  In this paper, our aim is to propose an approach along with algorithms that will help the location based services (LBS) users to provide location privacy with minimum cost and improve scalability.

scholarly journals Biomimetic Sonar for Electrical Activation of the Auditory Pathway

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Menniti ◽  
S. A. Pullano ◽  
M. G. Bianco ◽  
R. Citraro ◽  
E. Russo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Information ◽  
Electronic Device ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Auditory Pathway ◽  
Brain Response ◽  
Implanted Electrodes ◽  
System A ◽  
Signal Features ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Rate Frequency

Relying on the mechanism of bat’s echolocation system, a bioinspired electronic device has been developed to investigate the cortical activity of mammals in response to auditory sensorial stimuli. By means of implanted electrodes, acoustical information about the external environment generated by a biomimetic system and converted in electrical signals was delivered to anatomically selected structures of the auditory pathway. Electrocorticographic recordings showed that cerebral activity response is highly dependent on the information carried out by ultrasounds and is frequency-locked with the signal repetition rate. Frequency analysis reveals that delta and beta rhythm content increases, suggesting that sensorial information is successfully transferred and integrated. In addition, principal component analysis highlights how all the stimuli generate patterns of neural activity which can be clearly classified. The results show that brain response is modulated by echo signal features suggesting that spatial information sent by biomimetic sonar is efficiently interpreted and encoded by the auditory system. Consequently, these results give new perspective in artificial environmental perception, which could be used for developing new techniques useful in treating pathological conditions or influencing our perception of the surroundings.

scholarly journals Privacy Preservation in Location-Based Services: A Novel Metric and Attack Model

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sina Shaham ◽  
Ming Ding ◽  
Bo Liu ◽  
Shuping Dang ◽  
Zihuai Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Privacy Preservation ◽  
Location Based Services ◽  
Attack Model

scholarly journals Accountable Outsourcing Location-Based Services With Privacy Preservation

IEEE Access ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 117258-117273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaoman Liu ◽  
Lei Wu ◽  
Junming Ke ◽  
Wenlei Qu ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Privacy Preservation ◽  
Location Based Services

scholarly journals Enabling Location Privacy Preservation in MANETs Based on Distance, Angle, and Spatial Cloaking

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 458
Author(s):  
Nanlan Jiang ◽  
Sai Yang ◽  
Pingping Xu
Keyword(s):  
Privacy Preservation ◽  
Location Privacy ◽  
Differential Privacy ◽  
Geographic Routing ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Wireless Channel ◽  
Location Based Services ◽  
Location Information ◽  
Communication Overhead ◽  
Spatial Cloaking

Preserving the location privacy of users in Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) is a significant challenge for location information. Most of the conventional Location Privacy Preservation (LPP) methods protect the privacy of the user while sacrificing the capability of retrieval on the server-side, that is, legitimate devices except the user itself cannot retrieve the location in most cases. On the other hand, applications such as geographic routing and location verification require the retrievability of locations on the access point, the base station, or a trusted server. Besides, with the development of networking technology such as caching technology, it is expected that more and more distributed location-based services will be deployed, which results in the risk of leaking location information in the wireless channel. Therefore, preserving location privacy in wireless channels without losing the retrievability of the real location is essential. In this paper, by focusing on the wireless channel, we propose a novel LPP enabled by distance (ranging result), angle, and the idea of spatial cloaking (DSC-LPP) to preserve location privacy in MANETs. DSC-LPP runs without the trusted third party nor the traditional cryptography tools in the line-of-sight environment, and it is suitable for MANETs such as the Internet of Things, even when the communication and computation capabilities of users are limited. Qualitative evaluation indicates that DSC-LPP can reduce the communication overhead when compared with k-anonymity, and the computation overhead of DSC-LPP is limited when compared with conventional cryptography. Meanwhile, the retrievability of DSC-LPP is higher than that of k-anonymity and differential privacy. Simulation results show that with the proper design of spatial divisions and parameters, other legitimate devices in a MANET can correctly retrieve the location of users with a high probability when adopting DSC-LPP.

scholarly journals In-flight Wind Field Identification and Prediction of Parafoil Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1958
Author(s):  
Haitao Gao ◽  
Jin Tao ◽  
Matthias Dehmer ◽  
Frank Emmert-Streib ◽  
Qinglin Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Field ◽  
Combination Method ◽  
Essential Factor ◽  
Wind Fields ◽  
System A ◽  
Wind Identification ◽  
Field Identification ◽  
Field Information ◽  
System Information ◽  
Low Altitude

The wind field is an essential factor that affects accurate homing and flare landing of parafoil systems. In order to obtain the ambient wind field during the descent of a parafoil system, a combination method of in-flight wind field identification and prediction is proposed. First, a wind identification method only using global position system information is derived based on the flight dynamics of parafoil systems. Then a wind field prediction model is constructed using the atmospheric dynamics, and the low-altitude wind field is predicted based on the identified wind field of high-altitude. Finally, simulations of wind field identification and prediction are conducted. The results demonstrate that the proposed method can identify the wind fields precisely and also predict the wind fields reasonably. This method can potentially be applied in practical parafoil systems to provide wind field information for homing tasks.

scholarly journals Design of an E-Voucher System for Supporting Social Welfare Using Blockchain Technology

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 3362
Author(s):  
Ching-Sheng Hsu ◽  
Shu-Fen Tu ◽  
Zhao-Ji Huang
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Security Requirements ◽  
Operating Efficiency ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
System A ◽  
Satisfactory Performance ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Conclusion Section ◽  
Voucher System

Issuing vouchers is a means of implementing social welfare. There are some security concerns about paper-based vouchers, such as counterfeiting, reproducing, their low operating efficiency and so on. This study explores how to apply blockchain technology and cryptography to build a secure e-voucher system in order to solve various shortcomings of paper vouchers. A feasible application model is proposed that integrates blockchain technology in the context of vouchers to support the field of social welfare. In this study, we conducted an analysis to prove that the security requirements of the e-voucher system are met when applying this model. Subsequently, we used the Hyperledger Fabric blockchain platform and Kafka ordering services to implement the campus welfare meal voucher system. A large number of experimental data were obtained to show that the system has a satisfactory performance. In the conclusion section, we discussed the theoretical and management implications of this study, and how this study meets UN Sustainable Development Goals.

A study of function-based diagnosis strategy and testability analysis for a system

2011 ◽  
Vol 226 (1) ◽  
pp. 273-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y-T Tsai ◽  
Y-Y Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic System ◽  
Block Diagram ◽  
Fault Isolation ◽  
Functional Block Diagram ◽  
Diagnostic Ability ◽  
System A ◽  
Study Results ◽  
System Maintenance ◽  
System Information ◽  
Test Points

A good diagnostic policy can not only shorten the detection time of faults but also improve the effectiveness of system maintenance. This paper presents a function-based diagnosis strategy that provides a helpful methodology for fault identification. The diagnosis trees of the systems are constructed based on a functional block diagram consisting of function elements (FEs) and test points (TPs). The correlations between the FEs and the TPs are first analysed according to system information flows. Two weighted indexes for fault detection and fault isolation are defined to determine the priority of these TPs in testing. Several parameters related to diagnostic ability are also introduced to provide an evaluated approach for system testability. The diagnostic steps and costs between traditional sequential testing and the function-based diagnosing are compared. The study results may be useful in planning diagnosis actions and testability design for a system. A hydraulic system is used as an example in order to depict the proposed methods.

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