scholarly journals Development of an Easy-to-Operate Underwater Raman System for Deep-Sea Cold Seep and Hydrothermal Vent In Situ Detection

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (15) ◽  
pp. 5090
Author(s):  
Qingsheng Liu ◽  
Jinjia Guo ◽  
Wangquan Ye ◽  
Kai Cheng ◽  
Fujun Qi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
Hydrothermal Vent ◽  
Methane Hydrate ◽  
Sulfur Cycle ◽  
Cold Seep ◽  
Remotely Operated Vehicle ◽  
Bacterial Mats ◽  
Optical Module ◽  
In Situ Detection

As a powerful in situ detection technique, Raman spectroscopy is becoming a popular underwater investigation method, especially in deep-sea research. In this paper, an easy-to-operate underwater Raman system with a compact design and competitive sensitivity is introduced. All the components, including the optical module and the electronic module, were packaged in an L362 × Φ172 mm titanium capsule with a weight of 20 kg in the air (about 12 kg in water). By optimising the laser coupling mode and focusing lens parameters, a competitive sensitivity was achieved with the detection limit of SO42− being 0.7 mmol/L. The first sea trial was carried out with the aid of a 3000 m grade remotely operated vehicle (ROV) “FCV3000” in October 2018. Over 20,000 spectra were captured from the targets interested, including methane hydrate, clamshell in the area of cold seep, and bacterial mats around a hydrothermal vent, with a maximum depth of 1038 m. A Raman peak at 2592 cm−1 was found in the methane hydrate spectra, which revealed the presence of hydrogen sulfide in the seeping gas. In addition, we also found sulfur in the bacterial mats, confirming the involvement of micro-organisms in the sulfur cycle in the hydrothermal field. It is expected that the system can be developed as a universal deep-sea survey and detection equipment in the near future.

scholarly journals The applications of the in situ laser spectroscopy to the deep-sea cold seep and hydrothermal vent system

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-168
Author(s):  
Zengfeng Du ◽  
Xin Zhang ◽  
Boyang Xue ◽  
Zhendong Luan ◽  
Jun Yan
Keyword(s):  
Laser Spectroscopy ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Hydrothermal Vent ◽  
Cold Seep

scholarly journals A deep-sea sulfate reducing bacterium directs the formation of zero-valent sulfur via sulfide oxidation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Liu ◽  
Yeqi Shan ◽  
Shichuan Xi ◽  
Xin Zhang ◽  
Chaomin Sun
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
Sulfide Oxidation ◽  
Sulfur Cycle ◽  
Cold Seep ◽  
Cold Seeps ◽  
Protein Activity ◽  
Quinone Oxidoreductase ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Thiosulfate Reductase ◽  
Reducing Bacteria

Zero-valent sulfur (ZVS) is a critical intermediate in the biogeochemical sulfur cycle. Up to date, sulfur oxidizing bacteria have been demonstrated to dominate the formation of ZVS. In contrast, formation of ZVS mediated by sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) has been rarely reported. Here, we report for the first time that a typical sulfate reducing bacterium Desulfovibrio marinus CS1 directs the formation of ZVS via sulfide oxidation. In combination with proteomic analysis and protein activity assays, thiosulfate reductase (PhsA) and sulfide: quinone oxidoreductase (SQR) were demonstrated to play key roles in driving ZVS formation. In this process, PhsA catalyzed thiosulfate to form sulfide, which was then oxidized by SQR to form ZVS. Consistently, the expressions of PhsA and SQR were significantly up-regulated in strain CS1 when cultured in the deep-sea cold seep, strongly indicating strain CS1 might form ZVS in its real inhabiting niches. Notably, homologs of phsA and sqr widely distributed in the metagenomes of deep-sea SRB. Given the high abundance of SRB in cold seeps, it is reasonable to propose that SRB might greatly contribute to the formation of ZVS in the deep-sea environments. Our findings add a new aspect to the current understanding of the source of ZVS.

Direct in situ detection of cells in deep-sea sediment cores from the Peru Margin (ODP Leg 201, Site 1229)

Geobiology ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 217-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. MAUCLAIRE ◽  
K. ZEPP ◽  
P. MEISTER ◽  
J. MCKENZIE
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Deep Sea Sediment ◽  
In Situ Detection

In Situ Measurements of Chemical Distributions in a Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vent Field

Science ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 231 (4742) ◽  
pp. 1139-1141 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. S. JOHNSON ◽  
C. L. BEEHLER ◽  
C. M. SAKAMOTO-ARNOLD ◽  
J. J. CHILDRESS
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
Hydrothermal Vent ◽  
In Situ Measurements ◽  
Hydrothermal Vent Field

scholarly journals In Situ Quantitative Raman Detection of Dissolved Carbon Dioxide and Sulfate in Deep-Sea High-Temperature Hydrothermal Vent Fluids

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 1809-1823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lianfu Li ◽  
Xin Zhang ◽  
Zhendong Luan ◽  
Zengfeng Du ◽  
Shichuan Xi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Hydrothermal Vent ◽  
Dissolved Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Carbon Dioxide

scholarly journals Visual evidence of reduced seafloor conditions and indications of a cold-seep ecosystem from the Hatton–Rockall basin (NE Atlantic)

2018 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis C. Neat ◽  
Alan J. Jamieson ◽  
Heather A. Stewart ◽  
Bhavani E. Narayanaswamy ◽  
Neil Collie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
Cold Seep ◽  
Ne Atlantic ◽  
High Definition ◽  
Camera System ◽  
Extensive Area ◽  
Western Margin ◽  
Visual Evidence ◽  
Bacterial Mats ◽  
Topographic Relief

High definition video from a towed camera system was used to describe the deep-sea benthic habitats within an elongate depression located at the western margin of Rockall Bank in the Hatton–Rockall Basin. At depths greater than 1190 m, an extensive area (10 km long by 1.5 km wide) of what appeared to be reduced sediments, bacterial mats and flocculent matter indicated possible cold-seep habitat. Plumes of sediment-rich fluid were observed alongside raised elongate features that gave topographic relief to the otherwise flat seafloor. In the deepest section of the depression (1215 m) dense flocculent matter was observed suspended in the water column, in places obscuring the seabed. Away from the bacterial mats, the habitat changed rapidly to sediments dominated by tube-dwelling polychaete worms and then to deep-sea sedimentary habitats more typical for the water depth (sponges and burrowing megafauna in areas of gentle slopes, and coral gardens on steeper slopes).

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