scholarly journals Interoperable Blockchains for Highly-Integrated Supply Chains in Collaborative Manufacturing

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (15) ◽  
pp. 4955
Author(s):  
Paolo Bellavista ◽  
Christian Esposito ◽  
Luca Foschini ◽  
Carlo Giannelli ◽  
Nicola Mazzocca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Secure Computation ◽  
Collaborative Manufacturing ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Centralized Management ◽  
Smart Contract ◽  
Execution Environment ◽  
Security Guarantees ◽  
Trusted Execution Environment

Blockchain technology plays a pivotal role in the undergoing fourth industrial revolution or Industry 4.0. It is considered a tremendous boost to company digitalization; thus, considerable investments in blockchain are being made. However, there is no single blockchain technology, but various solutions exist, and they cannot interoperate with one each other. The ecosystem envisioned by the Industry 4.0 does not have centralized management or leading organization, so a single blockchain solution cannot be imposed. The various organizations hold their own blockchains, which must interoperate seamlessly. Despite some solutions for blockchain interoperability being proposed, the problem is still open. This paper aims to devise a secure solution for blockchain interoperability. The proposed approach consists of a relay scheme based on Trusted Execution Environment to provide higher security guarantees than the current literature. In particular, the proposed solution adopts an off-chain secure computation element invoked by a smart contract on a blockchain to securely communicate with its peered counterpart. A prototype has been implemented and used for the performance assessment, e.g., to measure the latency increase due to cross-blockchain interactions. The achieved and reported experimental results show that the proposed security solution introduces an additional latency that is entirely tolerable for transactions. At the same time, the usage of the Trusted Execution Environment imposes a negligible overhead.

scholarly journals KEY INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES OF INDUSTRY 4.0

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (20) ◽  
Author(s):  
Savo Stupar ◽  
Emir Kurtović ◽  
Mirha Bičo Ćar
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Web Applications ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Big Data Analytics ◽  
Computer Data ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Blockchain Technology

In the last ten years, three new information technologies have emerged, representing the realization of old (by the time of emergence) theoretical concepts, but new in creativity and innovation, as well as incredible potential for the realization of revolutionary ideas and changes in all areas of human activity, which by one name they call 4th Industrial Revolution or Industry 4.0. They are: Big Data Analytics technology, Cloud Computing and Blockchain technology. Each of them individually represents the realization of new paradigms of computer data processing, which could not be practically implemented until the development of information and communication technologies, especially the Internet, Web applications, new operating systems, network technologies, mobile telephony, technologies of advancement of hardware performances, internet of things, etc. The primary aim of this paper is to get acquainted with the characteristics of these technologies and their potentials, their advantages and disadvantages in relation to traditional technologies, identification of areas and ways of their both current and future applications. The ultimate goal is to explain the incredible potential of these technologies, creating the foundation for their combined application in the creation of new Industry 4.0 products, which should result in a synergistic effect.

scholarly journals Monitoring Blockchain Cryptocurrency Transactions to Improve the Trustworthiness of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (Industry 4.0)

Algorithms ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 312
Author(s):  
Kamyar Sabri-Laghaie ◽  
Saeid Jafarzadeh Ghoushchi ◽  
Fatemeh Elhambakhsh ◽  
Abbas Mardani
Keyword(s):  
Control Chart ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Average Run Length ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
Abnormal Behavior ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
Tensor Model ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Mewma Control Chart

A completely new economic system is required for the era of Industry 4.0. Blockchain technology and blockchain cryptocurrencies are the best means to confront this new trustless economy. Millions of smart devices are able to complete transparent financial transactions via blockchain technology and its related cryptocurrencies. However, via blockchain technology, internet-connected devices may be hacked to mine cryptocurrencies. In this regard, monitoring the network of these blockchain-based transactions can be very useful to detect the abnormal behavior of users of these cryptocurrencies. Therefore, the trustworthiness of the transactions can be assured. In this paper, a novel procedure is proposed to monitor the network of blockchain cryptocurrency transactions. To do so, a hidden Markov multi-linear tensor model (HMTM) is utilized to model the transactions among nodes of the blockchain network. Then, a multivariate exponentially weighted moving average (MEWMA) control chart is applied to the monitoring of the latent effects. Average run length (ARL) is used to evaluate the performance of the MEWMA control chart in detecting blockchain network anomalies. The proposed procedure is applied to a real dataset of Bitcoin transactions.

Blockchain Technology in the Automotive Industry

2021 ◽  
pp. 277-308
Author(s):  
Atakan Gerger
Keyword(s):  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Key Players

Even though the automotive industry was among the key players of the industrial revolution in the last century, striking transformations experienced in other sectors did not have significant repercussions on this industry until a few years ago. However, general advancements in technology and Industry 4.0 have presented new opportunities for the reconfiguration of the business environment. Developments in cryptocurrencies such as bitcoin, in particular, have attracted the attention to what is known as blockchain technology. Several successful examples of blockchain applications in different industries have tempted the automotive industry to be rapidly involved with efforts in this direction. As a consequence, the application of the blockchain technology to highly diverse areas in the automotive industry was set in motion. The purpose of this chapter is to explore the application of blockchain technology in the automotive industry, to analyse its advantages and disadvantages, and to demonstrate its successful in general.

scholarly journals INDUSTRY 4.0: FEATURES OF UKRAINE’S DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alina Chaikina
Keyword(s):  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Automated Guided Vehicles ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
The World

It was examined in the article peculiarities of the Industry 4.0 introduction in Ukraine, in particular, it was revealed that there are new approaches to the economies functioning, taking into account processes of globalization, development of science and technology. It was determined that the global pandemic caused by COVID-19 and changes in the political, economic, social, environmental, and other spheres are accelerating the process of digitalization. The author analyzed the National strategy of Industry 4.0 and proposed key areas for implementing the concept of Industry 4.0 in Ukraine using the experience of developed countries. Factors that hinder the process of our country’s economic digitalization were identified in the article. A study of world rankings on digital transformation was conducted in order to identify the place of Ukraine in this process, in particular: “The Global Competitiveness Report 2019”, which reflects the competitiveness between countries in the Fourth Industrial Revolution; “Global Digital Readiness Index 2019”; “The Digital Network Index 2020” (Accelerating Digital Transformation in a Post-COVID Global Economy). Research has shown that our country lags behind the developed countries of the world that actively implement Industry 4.0. Author identified the most common digital technologies used in the world: 3D printing, Internet 5G, Artificial Intelligence, augmented reality, automated Guided Vehicles, blockchain technology, cloud technology, Cobot, cybersecurity, Digital Twin, drones, IoT, and IoT platforms, quantum computing, and virtual reality. The regions – world leaders in the introduction of digital technologies and companies that ensure the development of science, technology, further digitalization of their own activities were analyzed. Accordingly, prospects for further research are developing mechanisms to improve implementation of Industry 4.0 at Ukrainian enterprises, as they provide innovative changes in the economy, conduct R&D, create added value, and fill the region's budget and country. Digital transformation of enterprises will allow them to gain new competitive advantages, enter international markets, and ultimately turn our country into a highly industrialized country with a digital economy.

The Potential Of Blockchain Technology To Change International Mobile Roaming Business Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
Ardian Thresnantia Atmaja
Keyword(s):  
Business Model ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Business Value ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Fundamental Aspect ◽  
Clearing House ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Smart Contract ◽  
Target Architecture ◽  
Architecture Development

The key objectives of this paper is to propose a design implementation of blockchain based on smart contract which have potential to change international mobile roaming business model by eliminating third-party data clearing house (DCH). The analysis method used comparative analysis between current situation and target architecture of international mobile roaming business that commonly used by TOGAF Architecture Development Method. The purposed design of implementation has validated the business value by using Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) calculation. This paper applies the TOGAF approach in order to address architecture gap to evaluate by the enhancement capability that required from these three fundamental aspect which are Business, Technology and Information. With the blockchain smart contract solution able to eliminate the intermediaries Data Clearing House system, which impacted to the business model of international mobile roaming with no more intermediaries fee for call data record (CDR) processing and open up for online billing and settlement among parties. In conclusion the business value of blockchain implementation in the international mobile roaming has been measured using TCO comparison between current situation and target architecture that impacted cost reduction of operational platform is 19%. With this information and understanding the blockchain technology has significant benefit in the international mobile roaming business.

THE FOURTH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION (INDUSTRY 4.0) A SOCIAL INNOVATION PERSPECTIVE

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Schwab
Keyword(s):  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Social Innovation ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Socioeconomic Impact ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Rapid Pace ◽  
Sustainable System ◽  
Industrial Revolutions

The rapid pace of technological developments played a key role in the previous industrial revolutions. However, the fourth industrial revolution (Industry 4.0) and its embedded technology diffusion progress is expected to grow exponentially in terms of technical change and socioeconomic impact. Therefore, coping with such transformation require a holistic approach that encompasses innovative and sustainable system solutions and not just technological ones. In this article, we propose a framework that can facilitate the interaction between technological and social innovation to continuously come up with proactive, and hence timely, sustainable strategies. These strategies can leverage economic rewards, enrich society at large, and protect the environment. The new forthcoming opportunities that will be generated through the next industrial wave are gigantic at all levels. However, the readiness for such revolutionary conversion require coupling the forces of technological innovation and social innovation under the sustainability umbrella.

Industry 4.0: The Importance Factors of Innovation in Adopting Cloud Computing Among SMES in Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-84
Author(s):  
Siti Salwa Sheikh Mokhtar ◽  
Anuar Shah Bali Mahomed ◽  
Yuhanis Abdul Aziz ◽  
Suhaimi Ab. Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Technology Acceptance ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Computing Industry ◽  
Global Economic Growth ◽  
Acceptance Model ◽  
Third Industrial Revolution

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are commonly perceived as an essential part of boosting and stabilizing global economic growth. In 2018, SMEs recorded a 38.3% contribution to GDP of RM521.7 billion compared to RM491.2 billion in 2017. SMEs are expected to contribute 50% to Malaysia's GDP by 2030 relative to its present 38% contribution. However, in the context of Malaysia businesses, particularly small and medium-sized enterprises, are still not embracing the latest technology revolution sufficiently, as reported by the Ministry of International Trade and Industry (2018). Malaysia is currently in the third industrial revolution (automation), and some are still under the second industrial revolution. Such matter is worrying as only a few industries in Malaysia can adopt pillars of Industry 4.0, where business owners in Malaysia were still hesitant to embrace technologies such as the cloud. To bridge the gap in this analysis, this research adopted the technology acceptance model developed by Davis (1989) and Rogers' Diffusion Innovation Theory (1995), which incorporates the contexts of technology and innovation among SMEs in Malaysia. By using survey questionnaires, data was collected among manufacturing and services SMEs in Malaysia. Structural equation model employed to assess the important factors of innovation in adopting cloud computing among SMEs in Malaysia by using Smart-PLS. Keywords: Cloud computing, Industry 4.0, Innovation, Technological

Industry 4.0 initiatives in EU countries: experience for Ukraine

2020 ◽  
pp. 65-70
Author(s):  
Nataliya Ryvak ◽  
Anna Kernytska
Keyword(s):  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Interconnected System ◽  
Industrial Transformation ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
European Experience ◽  
High Level

In this paper, digital technologies development was analyzed as the basis for the so-called “fourth industrial revolution” with the potential for the qualitative transformation of the Ukrainian economy based on EU countries’ experience. Industry 4.0 is a new control chain over the entire chain of creating value throughout the product lifecycle. When developing an economic policy, it is important to pay attention to Industry 4.0. It increases productivity, produces new, better, and individualized products, and implements new business models based on “undermining” innovations. A comparative analysis of national initiatives I4.0 with their characteristics according to the main dimensions, including funding, focus, direction, was conducted. Particular attention was paid to considering deterrents to the successful implementation and enforcement of the I4.0 initiative in European countries. The factors of successful implementation of I4.0 initiatives in the EU countries were analyzed. Drawing on the analysis of the European experience of digital transformations in industry and national economies in general, the necessity of critical focus of such transformations in Ukraine was highlighted, and the need for state support of industrial transformation was substantiated. The emphasis was placed on the cooperation development between stakeholders within the implementation of Industry 4.0 – it is necessary to create national and regional 4.0 platforms, following the example of EU countries, which would bring together government institutions, businesses, and academics. The successful positioning of the Ukrainian modern industrial complex on the world markets depends on the high level of the interconnected system providing factors that characterize its development process. Considering the influence of a list of inhibiting factors on implementing the country’s industry accelerated development, a set of measures needed to transform Ukraine’s industry based on European experience was substantiated.

Emerging Industrial Revolution: Symbiosis of Industry 4.0 and Circular Economy: The Role of Universities

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 505-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seeram Ramakrishna ◽  
Alfred Ngowi ◽  
Henk De Jager ◽  
Bankole O. Awuzie
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution ◽  
New Jobs

Growing consumerism and population worldwide raises concerns about society’s sustainability aspirations. This has led to calls for concerted efforts to shift from the linear economy to a circular economy (CE), which are gaining momentum globally. CE approaches lead to a zero-waste scenario of economic growth and sustainable development. These approaches are based on semi-scientific and empirical concepts with technologies enabling 3Rs (reduce, reuse, recycle) and 6Rs (reuse, recycle, redesign, remanufacture, reduce, recover). Studies estimate that the transition to a CE would save the world in excess of a trillion dollars annually while creating new jobs, business opportunities and economic growth. The emerging industrial revolution will enhance the symbiotic pursuit of new technologies and CE to transform extant production systems and business models for sustainability. This article examines the trends, availability and readiness of fourth industrial revolution (4IR or industry 4.0) technologies (for example, Internet of Things [IoT], artificial intelligence [AI] and nanotechnology) to support and promote CE transitions within the higher education institutional context. Furthermore, it elucidates the role of universities as living laboratories for experimenting the utility of industry 4.0 technologies in driving the shift towards CE futures. The article concludes that universities should play a pivotal role in engendering CE transitions.

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