scholarly journals The Concept of Accuracy Analysis of the Vertical Displacements Gained from the Hydrostatic Levelling Systems’ Measurements

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (14) ◽  
pp. 4842
Author(s):  
Waldemar Kamiński
Keyword(s):  
Accuracy Assessment ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Vertical Displacement ◽  
Serial Connection ◽  
Vertical Displacements ◽  
Comprehensive Determination ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Reference Sensor

Nowadays, hydrostatic levelling is a widely used method for the vertical displacements’ determinations of objects such as bridges, viaducts, wharfs, tunnels, high buildings, historical buildings, special engineering objects (e.g., synchrotron), sports and entertainment halls. The measurements’ sensors implemented in the hydrostatic levelling systems (HLSs) consist of the reference sensor (RS) and sensors located on the controlled points (CPs). The reference sensor is the one that is placed at the point that (in theoretical assumptions) is not a subject to vertical displacements and the displacements of controlled points are determined according to its height. The hydrostatic levelling rule comes from the Bernoulli’s law. While using the Bernoulli’s principle in hydrostatic levelling, the following components have to be taken into account: atmospheric pressure, force of gravity, density of liquid used in sensors places at CPs. The parameters mentioned above are determined with some mean errors that influence on the accuracy assessment of vertical displacements. In the subject’s literature, there are some works describing the individual accuracy analyses of the components mentioned above. In this paper, the author proposes the concept of comprehensive determination of mean error of vertical displacement (of each CPs), calculated from the mean errors’ values of components dedicated for specific HLS. The formulas of covariances’ matrix were derived and they enable to make the accuracy assessment of the calculations’ results. The author also presented the subject of modelling of vertical displacements’ gained values. The dependences, enabling to conduct the statistic tests of received model’s parameters, were implemented. The conducted tests make it possible to verify the correctness of used theoretical models of the examined object treated as the rigid body. The practical analyses were conducted for two simulated variants of sensors’ connections in HLS. Variant no. I is the sensors’ serial connection. Variant no. II relies on the connection of each CPs with the reference sensor. The calculations’ results show that more detailed value estimations of the vertical displacements can be obtained using variant no. II.

scholarly journals Determination of Volatile N-Nitrosamines in the Vapour Phase of the Smoke from Various Tobacco Products

1975 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
P.J. Groenen ◽  
M.C. ten Noever de Brauw
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Vapour Phase ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Flame Ionization ◽  
Capillary Glc ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Whole Smoke

AbstractVolatile N-nitrosamines were determined in the vapour phase of tobacco smoke after accumulation of Iarge vapour samples on to a cooled capillary GLC column. Detection was effected by computerized mass spectrometry and by a nitrogen-specific detector. Five different tobacco products were studied with mass spectrometry for the presence of eight individuaI nitrosamines. The result was negative thirty-nine times and positive only once. Initially, the detection Iimit for the individual nitrosamines was 2 ng per 20-55 mI vapour injection; during this study the effective detection limit was Iowered for some of the compounds by a further twofold to fivefold increase of the vapour volume analysed. The one nitroso compound identified positively and unambiguously was N-nitrosopiperidine in the smoke from the American blend cigarettes. It amounted to about 5.6 ng in the vapour phase of the smoke of one cigarette. The partition of nitrosamines between vapour phase and particulate phase is not known, but amounts of more than 1 µg of dimethylnitrosamine or nitrosopiperidine in the whole smoke of one cigarette as found by some authors, seem improbably high. It is shown in this paper that exclusive use of the alkali flame ionization detector for nitrosamine determinations would have led to false-positive results, especially for dimethylnitrosamine.

The Concept of Mind in Contemporary Philosophy

2021 ◽  
pp. 100-106
Author(s):  
Alexander I. Muss ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Continental Philosophy ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
The Other ◽  
Individual Experience ◽  
Specific Function ◽  
Contemporary Philosophy ◽  
Theoretical Synthesis ◽  
Contemporary Science ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual

This article studies the concept of mind, problems of consciousness, and its solu­tions through opportunities and limitations of the continental and analytical phi­losophy in contemporary science and humanities. This research shows that, on the one hand, analytical and scientific perspective shows mind and conscious­ness as a methodological concrete process that could be divided into separate components. Moreover, each component has a specific function and localization. As a result, this perspective allows to computer simulation and various applica­tions. However, a variety of definitions leads to certain confusion, as well as the inability to relate the individual experience to these concrete theoretical models. On the other hand, continental philosophy and humanities provide a large amount of material about the individual mind and consciousness. However, this complete individual picture complicates the generalizations and also forbids the search for universal laws and its application. As a result, both opportunities and limitations of contemporary philosophical traditions allow the necessary of the theoretical synthesis. Moreover, studying the concept of mind through prob­lems of mind and consciousness shows that isolated solutions could be ineffec­tive. However, the important question here is how such a synthesis can be car­ried out, since modern attempts, for example, neurophenomenology, meets methodological limitations studied in this article.

scholarly journals Surface Mass Variations from GPS and GRACE/GFO: A Case Study in Southwest China

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Zhong ◽  
Xianpao Li ◽  
Jianli Chen ◽  
Qiong Li ◽  
Tao Liu
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Southwest China ◽  
Vertical Displacement ◽  
Mass Change ◽  
Surface Mass ◽  
Seasonal Characteristics ◽  
Vertical Displacements ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One

Surface mass variations inferred from the Global Positioning System (GPS), and observed by the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and GRACE Follow-On (GFO) complement each other in terms of spatial and temporal coverage. This paper presents an analysis of regional surface mass variations inverted from GPS vertical displacements under different density distributions of GPS stations, and compares the GPS-derived mass variations with GRACE/GFO inversion results in spatial and temporal domains. To this end, GPS vertical displacement data from a total of 85 permanent GPS stations of the Crustal Movement Observation Network of China (CMONOC), the latest GRACE/GFO RL06 spherical harmonic (SH) solutions and GRACE RL06 mascon solutions are used to investigate surface mass variations in four regions or basins, including the Yunnan Province (YNP), Min River Basin (MRB), Jialing River Basin (JLRB), and Wu River Basin (WRB) in Southwest China. Our results showed that the spatial distributions and seasonal characteristics of GPS-derived mass change time series agree well with those from GRACE/GFO observations, especially in regions with relatively dense distributions of GPS stations (e.g., in the YNP and MRB), but there are still obvious discrepancies between the GPS and GRACE/GFO results. Scale factor methods (both basin-scaled and pixel-scaled) were employed to reduce the amplitude discrepancies between GPS and GRACE/GFO results. The results also showed that the one-year gap between the GRACE and GFO missions can be bridged by scaled GPS-derived mass change time series in the four studied regions, especially in the YNP and MRB regions (with relatively dense distributions of GPS stations).

scholarly journals Nascere e morire: quando decido io? Italia ed Europa a confronto

2011 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Case Law ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Rules And Principles ◽  
Institutional Dimension ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual ◽  
University Of Florence ◽  
The University

This book continues the collaboration between the department of BioLaw of the University of Florence and the non-profit association Madre Provetta, to contribute to a project of study and research that can build towards a common European law on Bioethics. In view of the professional activity in which they are engaged, the authors are among the leading experts in their respective fields on the issues addressed. Biotechnologies have rendered both birth and death more complex, which explains why the approach must be multidisciplinary. In effect, the research ranges from the medical and scientific sphere to the fields of law, sociology and philosophy and through to the institutional dimension. The leitmotif is the responsibility and self-determination of the individual: an anthology addressing issues concerning the beginning and the end of life. Particular focus is placed on the aspect of legal update in the light of recent case law, which is increasingly called upon, on the one hand to lend support to the legislator, and on the other to adapt national legislation to the rules and principles emerging from the supranational and European institutions.

scholarly journals Conflictogenity in the sphere of higher education: causes, consequences, methods of settlement

2021 ◽  
pp. 28-41
Author(s):  
Ekaterina L'vovna Kabakhidze
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Public Relations ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Academic Environment ◽  
Conflict Situations ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Practical Recommendations

Among the neologisms actively used in youth environment, one come across multiple words with negative connotation, which are used to describe aggressive behavior or destructive emotional state. Aggression, conflict, alienation are the markers of modern society, which infiltrate all spheres of social life, including the system of education, which on the one hand is influenced by the external environment, while on the other is the mechanism for harmonization of public relations, formation of moral and ethical attitudes, as well as worldview values of the society. The ongoing anthropological crisis, which actualized the problem of conflictogenity in the sphere of higher education, laid the groundwork for this research. The goal of this article lies in the analysis and review of foreign research dedicated to the causes of conflicts that occur in the academic environment, as well as the mechanisms for their settlement. The author employs the combination of descriptive, comparative methods, classification, and introspection methods for the development of original perspective on the topic. Having provided the philosophical-psychological foundations of the modern anthropological crisis, and its conflictogenity in the system of higher education on the individual and institutional levels, the author classifies the types of conflicts along with the ways for overcoming them, and gives  special attention to such that may find their application in the Russian educational space. The main result of this research lies in the description of the types of conflicts in the academic environment, methods of their settlement, as well as practical recommendations for eliminating conflicts in the Russian universities. The novelty of this article consists in the systemic description of problematic field of the research – conflictogenity in the system of higher education, and determination of the mechanisms for overcoming conflict situations, considering national, cultural, and administrative specificity of higher education institutions in the Russian Federation.

scholarly journals Introduction: From Conceptual Debates to Practical Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 83 ◽  
pp. 7-28
Author(s):  
Sergey Troitskiy ◽  
◽  
Leena Kurvet-Käosaar ◽  
Liisi Laineste ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Traumatic Experience ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Cultural Scripts ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
European Experience ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

Bringing into focus the ways of how to approach trauma instead of defining the object of research is becoming increasingly important. This also indicates that the range of approaches to trauma that informs cultural inquiry is widening, and is moving away from one singular paradigm posited as universal. Trauma scholars have demonstrated, on the one hand, the importance of particular experiences, specific cases, individual features of experiencing, remembering, and narrating trauma. On the other hand, they have pointed out the impact of cultural “scripts” shaped by broader cultural understandings and social and cultural regulations and preferences that shape the possibilities of the representation of traumatic experience. This special issue seeks to recognize and negotiate the individual and collective dimensions of trauma as well as their interwovenness, with a focus on the (post)-Soviet and Eastern European experience. It does so by addressing the generalizing theoretical models as well as the practical, material, and experimental aspects of trauma. Thus, it seeks to disentangle and clarify the links between the collective and the individual, the theoretical and the practical, and finally, the universal and the specific, the global and the local.

scholarly journals UAV Applications for Determination of Land Deformations Caused by Underground Mining

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1733
Author(s):  
Paweł Ćwiąkała ◽  
Wojciech Gruszczyński ◽  
Tomasz Stoch ◽  
Edyta Puniach ◽  
Dawid Mrocheń ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Surface ◽  
Surface Deformation ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Vertical Displacement ◽  
Deformation Monitoring ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Vegetation Growth ◽  
Vertical Displacements ◽  
Horizontal Displacements

This article presents a case study that demonstrates the applicability of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) photogrammetric data to land surface deformation monitoring in areas affected by underground mining. The results presented include data from two objects located in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin in Poland. The limits of coordinate and displacement accuracy are determined by comparing UAV-derived photogrammetric products to reference data. Vertical displacements are determined based on differences between digital surface models created using UAV imagery from several measurement series. Interpretation problems related to vegetation growth on the terrain surface that significantly affect vertical displacement error are pointed out. Horizontal displacements are determined based on points of observation lines established in the field for monitoring purposes, as well as based on scattered situational details. The use of this type of processing is limited by the need for unambiguous situational details with clear contours. Such details are easy to find in urbanized areas but difficult to find in fields and meadows. In addition, various types of discontinuous deformations are detected and their development over time is presented. The results are compared to forecasted land deformations. As a result of the data processing, it has been estimated that the accuracy of the determination of XY coordinates and the horizontal displacements (RMS) in best case scenario is on the level of 1.5–2 GSD, and about 2–3 GSD for heights and subsidence.

scholarly journals Sędzia między realiami polityczności a imperatywami etycznymi. Odpowiedź na recenzję Mateusza Wojtanowskiego

2020 ◽  
pp. 127-132
Author(s):  
Rafał Mańko
Keyword(s):  
Legal Reasoning ◽  
Legal Tradition ◽  
Critical Philosophy ◽  
Legal Form ◽  
The Social ◽  
Conscious Choice ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Political Character

The project of a critical philosophy of adjudication – the application of the presuppositions of critical jurisprudence to the area of judicial application of law – is, to a large extent, a polemic with Artur Kozak’s project of juriscentrism. Whereas the critical philosophy of adjudication accepts, by and large, juriscentrism’s claims concerning especially the social construction of legal reality, it does not accept the views concerning the determination of judicial decisions by institutional imperatives. Adopting Duncan Kennedy’s conception of the moderate indeterminacy thesis, critical philosophy of adjudication claims that the imperatives following from so-called traditional legal methods cannot be seen as limiting the judge when she needs to decide an intepretive dilemma. What the judge may perceive as resistance, are in fact ideological, political and economic imperatives, only cloaked in legal form. This leads to the conclusion that, in essence, a judicial decision has a political character, because it is never fully determined in an unequivocal manner by legal materials (provisions, precedents, intepretive habits), but it always remains, to a certain extent, open. In consequence, the judge, acting under the reality of the political (i.e. structural social conflicts) should not only follow the imperatives of the lex (legislation) and the ius (legal tradition), but also should abide by moral imperatives. The latter include, on the one hand, the requirement of transparency of legal reasoning (e.g. not concealing the extra-legal factors behind a decision), and, on the other hand, a conscious choice of the ideological premises of the decision. Critical philosophy of adjudication, as an emancipatory project, prefers in this respect a pro-emancipatory stance of the judge, i.e. that she strives to make decisions maximising the actual scope of freedom of the individual and liberating her from any form of domination.

scholarly journals Елементи просторне симболике Срба у Косовској Митровици

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1233
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Pavlović
Keyword(s):  
Identity Politics ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Religious Architecture ◽  
Religious Symbolism ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
The City

In this paper, I present a part of the results of the field research I conducted from mid-2011 to early 2017 in Kosovska Mitrovica. The aim of this study was to attempt to clarify the situation of the Serbian population in this city in terms of the major socio-political changes after the war in Kosovo and Metohia in 1999, the introduction of an international protectorate in this territory and the division of Kosovska Mitrovica into two parts - the southern, inhabited mostly by Albanians, and northern, populated mostly by Serbs. The main problem which the paper discusses refers to one of the key aspects of the everyday life of Kosovska Mitrovica residents in the period after the war, and that is the concept of space, the significance of which is already supported by the fact that the division of the city causes the concentration of the Serbs and the Albanians on the opposite sides of the Ibar river, in respect of which, as the borderline, they both marked the parts of the city in which they are grouped as theirs, abstracting them as entities associated with the determination of their own ethnic identity. The greatest attention in the paper is devoted to the consideration of the individual elements of the spatial symbolism of Serbs in the ethnically divided city of Kosovska Mitrovica, from the standpoint of their role in competitive identity politics against the Albanians. The elements considered in this respect fall into, on the one hand, the domain of secular symbolism, which took into account the strategies of space ideologization by constructing street topography and a memorial fund, and, on the other hand, the domain of religious symbolism, where a reference was made to the identity shaping of space using religious architecture.

Two-Stage Procedure for the Quantitative Determination of Autoprothrombin III Concentration and Some Applications

1967 ◽  
Vol 18 (01/02) ◽  
pp. 198-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald S Reno ◽  
Walter H Seegers
Keyword(s):  
Prothrombin Time ◽  
Factor Vii ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Pronounced Increase ◽  
One Stage ◽  
Assay Procedure ◽  
Bovine Plasma ◽  
The One ◽  
Autoprothrombin C

SummaryA two-stage assay procedure was developed for the determination of the autoprothrombin C titre which can be developed from prothrombin or autoprothrombin III containing solutions. The proenzyme is activated by Russell’s viper venom and the autoprothrombin C activity that appears is measured by its ability to shorten the partial thromboplastin time of bovine plasma.Using the assay, the autoprothrombin C titre was determined in the plasma of several species, as well as the percentage of it remaining in the serum from blood clotted in glass test tubes. Much autoprothrombin III remains in human serum. With sufficient thromboplastin it was completely utilized. Plasma from selected patients with coagulation disorders was assayed and only Stuart plasma was abnormal. In so-called factor VII, IX, and P.T.A. deficiency the autoprothrombin C titre and thrombin titre that could be developed was normal. In one case (prethrombin irregularity) practically no thrombin titre developed but the amount of autoprothrombin C which generated was in the normal range.Dogs were treated with Dicumarol and the autoprothrombin C titre that could be developed from their plasmas decreased until only traces could be detected. This coincided with a lowering of the thrombin titre that could be developed and a prolongation of the one-stage prothrombin time. While the Dicumarol was acting, the dogs were given an infusion of purified bovine prothrombin and the levels of autoprothrombin C, thrombin and one-stage prothrombin time were followed for several hours. The tests became normal immediately after the infusion and then went back to preinfusion levels over a period of 24 hrs.In other dogs the effect of Dicumarol was reversed by giving vitamin K1 intravenously. The effect of the vitamin was noticed as early as 20 min after administration.In response to vitamin K the most pronounced increase was with that portion of the prothrombin molecule which yields thrombin. The proportion of that protein with respect to the precursor of autoprothrombin C increased during the first hour and then started to go down and after 3 hrs was equal to the proportion normally found in plasma.

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