scholarly journals System for Visualizing Surface Potential Distribution to Eliminate Electrostatic Charge

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (13) ◽  
pp. 4397
Author(s):  
Kazuya Kikunaga
Keyword(s):  
Surface Potential ◽  
Potential Distribution ◽  
Measurement Accuracy ◽  
High Spatial Resolution ◽  
Scanning Speed ◽  
Electrostatic Charge ◽  
Production Quality ◽  
Array Sensor ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Non Destructive

A mixture of positive and negative static charges exists in the same plane on an insulator surface, and this can cause production quality problems at manufacturing sites. This study developed a system with a vibration array sensor to rapidly measure the surface potential distribution of an object in a non-contact and non-destructive manner and with a high spatial resolution of 1 mm. The measurement accuracy differed greatly depending on the scanning speed of the array sensor, and an optimum scanning speed of 10 mm/s enabled rapid measurements (within <3 s) of the surface potential distribution of a charged insulator (area of 30 mm × 30 mm) with an accuracy of 15%. The relationship between charge and dust on the surface was clarified to easily visualize the uneven static charges present on it and thereby eliminate static electricity.

The effects of surface absorbed monolayer microdiffraction patterns

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 680-681
Author(s):  
M. Pan ◽  
J.M. Cowley
Keyword(s):  
Surface Potential ◽  
Electron Probe ◽  
Potential Distribution ◽  
Crystal Surface ◽  
Normal Direction ◽  
Surface Image ◽  
Extended Surface ◽  
Gas Molecules ◽  
Surface Nature ◽  
Electron Microdiffraction

Electron microdiffraction patterns, obtained when a small electron probe with diameter of 10-15 Å is directed to run parallel to and outside a flat crystal surface, are sensitive to the surface nature of the crystals. Dynamical diffraction calculations have shown that most of the experimental observations for a flat (100) face of a MgO crystal, such as the streaking of the central spot in the surface normal direction and (100)-type forbidden reflections etc., could be explained satisfactorily by assuming a modified image potential field outside the crystal surface. However the origin of this extended surface potential remains uncertain. A theoretical analysis by Howie et al suggests that the surface image potential should have a form different from above-mentioned image potential and also be smaller by several orders of magnitude. Nevertheless the surface potential distribution may in practice be modified in various ways, such as by the adsorption of a monolayer of gas molecules.

scholarly journals Porosity Analysis of Additive Manufactured Parts Using CAQ Technology

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1142
Author(s):  
Peter Pokorný ◽  
Štefan Václav ◽  
Jana Petru ◽  
Michaela Kritikos
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Scanning Speed ◽  
Additive Technologies ◽  
Integration Time ◽  
Detector Resolution ◽  
Porosity Analysis ◽  
3D Scans ◽  
Printing Direction ◽  
Non Destructive

Components produced by additive technology are implemented in various spheres of industry, such as automotive or aerospace. This manufacturing process can lead to making highly optimized parts. There is not enough information about the quality of the parts produced by additive technologies, especially those made from metal powder. The research in this article deals with the porosity of components produced by additive technologies. The components used for the research were manufactured by the selective laser melting (SLM) method. The shape of these components is the same as the shape used for the tensile test. The investigated parts were printed with orientation in two directions, Z and XZ with respect to the machine platform. The printing strategy was “stripe”. The material used for printing of the parts was SS 316L-0407. The printing parameters were laser power of 200 W, scanning speed of 650 mm/s, and the thickness of the layer was 50 µm. A non-destructive method was used for the components’ porosity evaluation. The scanning was performed by CT machine METROTOM 1500. The radiation parameters used for getting 3D scans were voltage 180 kV, current 900 µA, detector resolution 1024 × 1024 px, voxel size 119.43 µm, number of projections 1050, and integration time 2000 ms. This entire measurement process responds to the computer aided quality (CAQ) technology. VG studio MAX 3.0 software was used to evaluate the obtained data. The porosity of the parts with Z and XZ orientation was also evaluated for parts’ thicknesses of 1, 2, and 3 mm, respectively. It has been proven by this experimental investigation that the printing direction of the part in the additive manufacturing process under question affects its porosity.

scholarly journals High spatial resolution photo mosaicking for the monitoring of coralligenous reefs

Coral Reefs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Casoli ◽  
D. Ventura ◽  
G. Mancini ◽  
D. S. Pace ◽  
A. Belluscio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
High Spatial Resolution ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Pixel Resolution ◽  
Recording Apparatus ◽  
Assemblage Composition ◽  
Very High Spatial Resolution ◽  
Vertical Walls ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Very High

AbstractCoralligenous reefs are characterized by large bathymetric and spatial distribution, as well as heterogeneity; in shallow environments, they develop mainly on vertical and sub-vertical rocky walls. Mainly diver-based techniques are carried out to gain detailed information on such habitats. Here, we propose a non-destructive and multi-purpose photo mosaicking method to study and monitor coralligenous reefs developing on vertical walls. High-pixel resolution images using three different commercial cameras were acquired on a 10 m2 reef, to compare the effectiveness of photomosaic method to the traditional photoquadrats technique in quantifying the coralligenous assemblage. Results showed very high spatial resolution and accuracy among the photomosaic acquired with different cameras and no significant differences with photoquadrats in assessing the assemblage composition. Despite the large difference in costs of each recording apparatus, little differences emerged from the assemblage characterization: through the analysis of the three photomosaics twelve taxa/morphological categories covered 97–99% of the sampled surface. Photo mosaicking represents a low-cost method that minimizes the time spent underwater by divers and capable of providing new opportunities for further studies on shallow coralligenous reefs.

Characterization and Control of Copper CMP with Optoacoustic Metrology

2001 ◽  
Vol 671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Gostein ◽  
Paul Lefevre ◽  
Alex A. Maznev ◽  
Michael Joffe
Keyword(s):  
Film Thickness ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Chemical Mechanical Polishing ◽  
High Spatial Resolution ◽  
Mechanical Polishing ◽  
Length Measurement ◽  
And Control ◽  
Non Destructive

ABSTRACTWe discuss applications of optoacoustic film thickness metrology for characterization of copper chemical-mechanical polishing (CMP). We highlight areas where the use of optoacoustics for CMP characterization provides data complementary to that obtained by other techniques because of its ability to directly measure film thickness with high spatial resolution in a rapid, non-destructive manner. Examples considered include determination of planarization length, measurement of film thickness at intermediate stages of polish, and measurement of arrays of metal lines.

Measurement accuracy and Cerenkov removal for high performance, high spatial resolution scintillation dosimetry

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis Archambault ◽  
A. Sam Beddar ◽  
Luc Gingras ◽  
René Roy ◽  
Luc Beaulieu
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Measurement Accuracy ◽  
High Spatial Resolution

P-wave body surface potential distribution in rats

2006 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-92
Author(s):  
Valeria V. Krandycheva ◽  
Sergey N. Kharin ◽  
Dmitry N. Shmakov
Keyword(s):  
Surface Potential ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Potential Distribution ◽  
P Wave ◽  
Body Surface Potential

scholarly journals Phenotyping plants: genes, phenes and machines

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (11) ◽  
pp. 813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland Pieruschka ◽  
Hendrik Poorter
Keyword(s):  
Structural Information ◽  
Plant Phenotyping ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Major Progress ◽  
Meaningful Data

No matter how fascinating the discoveries in the field of molecular biology are, in the end it is the phenotype that matters. In this paper we pay attention to various aspects of plant phenotyping. The challenges to unravel the relationship between genotype and phenotype are discussed, as well as the case where ‘plants do not have a phenotype’. More emphasis has to be placed on automation to match the increased output in the molecular sciences with analysis of relevant traits under laboratory, greenhouse and field conditions. Currently, non-destructive measurements with cameras are becoming widely used to assess plant structural properties, but a wider range of non-invasive approaches and evaluation tools has to be developed to combine physiologically meaningful data with structural information of plants. Another field requiring major progress is the handling and processing of data. A better e-infrastructure will enable easier establishment of links between phenotypic traits and genetic data. In the final part of this paper we briefly introduce the range of contributions that form the core of a special issue of this journal on plant phenotyping.

CORRELATION BETWEEN ELECTRIC CHARGING OF THE SAMPLE SURFACE AND KINETICS OF OPTICALLY STIMULATED EXOELECTRON EMISSION (OSEE) FROM CRYOSOLIDIFIED NaCl SOLUTION

1990 ◽  
Vol 04 (03) ◽  
pp. 201-209
Author(s):  
A. GIEROSZYŃSKI
Keyword(s):  
Electric Fields ◽  
Surface Potential ◽  
Surface Region ◽  
Sample Surface ◽  
Exoelectron Emission ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
Emitter Surface ◽  
Emitter Layer ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Kinetics Of

It was found that OSEE kinetics from electron bombarded cryosolidified NaCl solution, depend on electric charging of the sample surface. It was shown that from the relationship between the maximum surface potential and the parameters of OSEE kinetic, intensities of electric fields in the emitter layer could be estimated. It is supposed that nonhomogeneous electric fields existing in the emitter surface region, influence the emission levels responsible for the course of OSEE kinetics.

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