scholarly journals A Self-Contained 3D Biomechanical Analysis Lab for Complete Automatic Spine and Full Skeleton Assessment of Posture, Gait and Run

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 3930
Author(s):  
Moreno D’Amico ◽  
Edyta Kinel ◽  
Gabriele D’Amico ◽  
Piero Roncoletta
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Power ◽  
Biomechanical Analysis ◽  
Spine Biomechanics ◽  
Skeleton Model ◽  
Posture Analysis ◽  
Repetitive Tasks ◽  
Joint Forces ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Measurement Devices ◽  
Postural Movement

Quantitative functional assessment of Posture and Motion Analysis of the entire skeleton and spine is highly desirable. Nonetheless, in most studies focused on posture and movement biomechanics, the spine is only grossly depicted because of its required level of complexity. Approaches integrating pressure measurement devices with stereophotogrammetric systems have been presented in the literature, but spine biomechanics studies have rarely been linked to baropodometry. A new multi-sensor system called GOALS-E.G.G. (Global Opto-electronic Approach for Locomotion and Spine-Expert Gait Guru), integrating a fully genlock-synched baropodometric treadmill with a stereophotogrammetric device, is introduced to overcome the above-described limitations. The GOALS-EGG extends the features of a complete 3D parametric biomechanical skeleton model, developed in an original way for static 3D posture analysis, to kinematic and kinetic analysis of movement, gait and run. By integrating baropodometric data, the model allows the estimation of lower limb net-joint forces, torques and muscle power. Net forces and torques are also assessed at intervertebral levels. All the elaborations are completely automatised up to the mean behaviour extraction for both posture and cyclic-repetitive tasks, allowing the clinician/researcher to perform, per each patient, multiple postural/movement tests and compare them in a unified statistically reliable framework.

Detecting subclinical keratoconus by biomechanical analysis in tomographically regular keratoconus fellow eyes

2021 ◽  
pp. 112067212110637
Author(s):  
Victor A Augustin ◽  
Hyeck-Soo Son ◽  
Isabella Baur ◽  
Ling Zhao ◽  
Gerd U Auffarth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Central Corneal Thickness ◽  
Corneal Thickness ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Biomechanical Analysis ◽  
Corvis St ◽  
Corrected Visual Acuity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Best Corrected Visual Acuity ◽  
Fellow Eyes

Purpose To analyze the tomographically non-affected second eyes of keratoconus patients using the Corvis ST to detect any biomechanical abnormalities or subclinical keratoconus. Methods In this retrospective, single-center, consecutive case series 244 eyes of 122 keratoconus patients were analyzed between November 2020 and February 2021. Fourteen fellow eyes fulfilled the inclusion criteria and showed no clinical or tomographic signs of keratoconus. Main outcome measures included best-corrected visual acuity, tomographic and biomechanical analyses using Scheimpflug imaging: Pentacam and Corvis ST (Oculus, Wetzlar, Germany). Tomographic analyses included anterior and posterior simulated keratometry, K-Max, central corneal thickness, thinnest corneal thickness, Belin/Ambrosio Ectasia Display, and the ABCD grading system. For biomechanical analyses, the corneal biomechanical index (CBI) and tomographic biomechanical index were used. Results The mean best-corrected visual acuity was 0.01 ± 0.10 logMAR. Mean K-Max was 43.79 ± 1.12 D, mean central corneal thickness 529 ± 25 µm, mean thinnest corneal thickness 524 ± 23 µm, and mean Belin/Ambrosio Ectasia Display 1.0 ± 0.32. The mean CBI was 0.30 ± 0.21. Regular CBI values were found in six of 14 patients. The mean tomographic biomechanical index was 0.47 ± 0.22 with regular values observed in only two of 14 patients. No signs of tomographic or biomechanical abnormalities were shown in only one of 14 keratoconus fellow eyes, with regular ABCD, Belin/Ambrosio Ectasia Display, CBI and tomographic biomechanical index values. Conclusions Tomographically normal fellow eyes of keratoconus patients are rare. In these cases, a biomechanical analysis of the cornea may help detect a subclinical keratoconus. The tomographic biomechanical index was the most sensitive index to verify a mild ectasia.

A Systematic Survey of the Realm of Biomechanics

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-35
Author(s):  
Deepak Mahapatra ◽  
Shubhankar Bhowmick ◽  
Shubhashis Sanyal
Keyword(s):  
Human Motion ◽  
Biomechanical Analysis ◽  
Spine Biomechanics ◽  
Systematic Survey ◽  
Joint Biomechanics ◽  
Functional Knowledge ◽  
Arteries And Veins ◽  
Made In

The area of biomechanics is challenging and broad as it involves multidisciplinary concepts of engineering together with functional knowledge of biosciences. The area is rapidly evolving and new additions to it are being made daily. A survey that may help a beginner to have a general look on the broader aspects of the sub-domains of biomechanics is not available. The chapter aims to overview the realm of biomechanics and provide an introduction to various areas with mention to researches carried out. A broad survey of various areas of biomechanics from a mechanical engineer's perspective is reported in this chapter. Prominent areas like biomechanics of human motion; bone and joint biomechanics; biomechanics of spine; biomechanics of head, shoulder, and muscles; biomechanical analysis of heart and lungs; biomechanical analysis of arteries and veins; and MEMS in biomechanics are explored. Though it is difficult to include all the developments relevant to the above areas, the authors have focused primarily on a few prominent studies made in the last two decades in various domains.

Use of intercostal nerves for neurotization of the musculocutaneous nerve in infants with birth-related brachial plexus palsy

2001 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 386-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hidehiko Kawabata ◽  
Toru Shibata ◽  
Yoshito Matsui ◽  
Natsuo Yasui
Keyword(s):  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Muscle Power ◽  
Musculocutaneous Nerve ◽  
Biceps Muscle ◽  
Brachial Plexus Palsy ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Age At Surgery ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Intercostal Nerves ◽  
Fine Print

Object. The use of intercostal nerves (ICNs) for the neurotization of the musculocutaneous nerve (MCN) in adult patients with traumatic brachial plexus palsy has been well described. However, its use for brachial plexus palsy in infants has rarely been reported. The authors surgically created 31 ICN—MCN communications for birth-related brachial plexus palsy and present the surgical results. Methods. Thirty-one neurotizations of the MCN, performed using ICNs, were conducted in 30 patients with birth-related brachial plexus palsy. In most cases other procedures were combined to reconstruct all upper-extremity function. The mean patient age at surgery was 5.8 months and the mean follow-up period was 5.2 years. Intercostal nerves were transected 1 cm distal to the mammary line and their stumps were transferred to the axilla, where they were coapted directly to the MCN. Two ICNs were used in 26 cases and three ICNs in five cases. The power of the biceps muscle of the arm was rated Grade M4 in 26 (84%) of 31 patients. In the 12 patients who underwent surgery when they were younger than 5 months of age, all exhibited a grade of M4 (100%) in their biceps muscle power. These results are better than those previously reported in adults. Conclusions. Neurotization of the MCN by surgically connecting ICNs is a safe, reliable, and effective procedure for reconstruction of the brachial plexus in patients suffering from birth-related palsy.

PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION ON WHEELCHAIR CUSHIONS IN STATIC SITTING AND DURING MANUAL PROPULSION

2001 ◽  
Vol 01 (01) ◽  
pp. 33-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
GIUSEPPE ANDREONI ◽  
ANTONIO PEDOTTI ◽  
MAURIZIO FERRARIN
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Biomechanical Analysis ◽  
Pressure Sores ◽  
Wheelchair Propulsion ◽  
Wheelchair User ◽  
Sitting Posture ◽  
Manual Propulsion ◽  
Mean Pressure ◽  
Biomechanical Parameters ◽  
The Mean

Quantification of biomechanical parameters by describing interactions between a wheelchair user and his cushion is important to prevent pressure sores in a better way and to match the needs of the subjects in terms of comfort and mobility. This paper presents the method and the results of a biomechanical analysis through the pressure maps at the body–seat interface of a antidecubitus wheelchair cushion on a group of eight patients (affected by SCI or Multiple Sclerosis) during autonomous wheelchair propulsion. In general, our results confirm that mobility is an important factor for ulcer prevention because passing from the static sitting posture to propulsion the mean pressure decreases and there is a redistribution of the load at lower pressure values. Moreover this represents a useful approach for the customized choice and adaptation of the antidecubitus aids.

A Biomechanical Analysis of Intrascaphoid Compression Using the 3.00 mm Synthes Cannulated Screw and Threaded Washer: an in vitro Cadaveric Study

2001 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. K. Y. LO ◽  
G. J. W. KING ◽  
S. D. PATTERSON ◽  
J. A. JOHNSON ◽  
D. G. CHESS
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Force ◽  
Cannulated Screw ◽  
Load Cell ◽  
Cadaveric Study ◽  
Biomechanical Analysis ◽  
Transverse Osteotomy ◽  
The Mean

This study evaluated the compressive capabilities of the 3.0mm Synthes cannulated screw and threaded washer. A transverse osteotomy was performed at the waist of eight cadaveric scaphoids and a custom-designed load cell was inserted before internal fixion with a 3.0mm cannulated screw and threaded washer. The mean intrascaphoid compression achieved was 108 (SD, 60) N. This compressive force is comparable to that produced by standard cortical screws.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PELATIHAN LANGKAH BAYANGAN (SHADOW) MEMINDAHKAN BOLA BULUTANGKIS TERHADAP KELINCAHAN DAN DAYA LEDAK OTOT TUNGKAI

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gde Ryan Saputra ◽  
Made Budiawan Budiawan ◽  
Gede Doddy Tisna
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Power ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Group Design ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Leg Muscle ◽  
And Control ◽  
Leg Muscle Power

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pelatihan langkah bayangan (shadow) memindahkan bola bulutangkis terhadap kelincahan dan daya ledak otot tungkai. Jenis penelitian adalah eksperimen semu dengan rancangan the non randomized pretest-posttest control group design. Subjek penelitian sebanyak 20 orang. Kelincahan diukur dengan tes zig-zag run, dan untuk daya ledak otot tungkai menggunakan tes vertical jump, selanjutnya data dianalisis dengan bantuan komputer program SPSS 16.0. Hasil analisis data kelincahan pada kelompok perlakuan langkah bayangan terjadi peningkatan rata-rata gaint score sebesar 0,49 dan pada kelompok kontrol terjadi peningkatan rata-rata gaint score sebesar 0,25. Hasil analisis data daya ledak otot tungkai pada kelompok perlakuan langkah bayangan terjadi peningkatan rata-rata gaint score sebesar 9,1 dan pada kelompok kontrol terjadi peningkatan rata-rata gaint score sebesar 5,0. Hasil uji t-independent variabel kelincahan antara kelompok perlakuan dan kelompok kontrol didapat Thitung sebesar 5,082 dengan signifikansi 0,000 dan untuk variabel daya ledak otot tungkai antara kelompok perlakuan dan kelompok kontrol didapat Thitung sebesar 6,403 dengan signifikansi 0,000. Dari hasil analisis data dan pembahasan dapat disimpulkan bahwa; (1) pelatihan langkah bayangan (shadow) memindahkan bola bulutangkis berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan kelincahan pada siswa putra ekstrakurikuler bulutangkis SMP Negeri 1 Ubud. (2) pelatihan langkah bayangan (shadow) memindahkan bola bulutangkis berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan daya ledak otot tungkai pada siswa putra ekstrakurikuler bulutangkis SMP Negeri 1 Ubud.Kata Kunci : Langkah Bayangan (shadow), kelincahan, daya ledak otot tungkai The aims of this study was to determined the effect of training shadow step moving a shuttlecock to the agility and leg muscle power. Type of research was quasi experiment with the non randomized pre-test-post-test control group design. This research as many as 20 subjacts. Agility measured with a zig-zag run test and Leg muscle power measured with a vertical jump tests, then the data were analyzed with the aid of a computer program SPSS 16.0. The results of the analysis of agility on a shadow step treatment group, the mean of gaint score increased of 0,49, in the control group there was an increase of 0,25. The result of the analysis of leg muscle power on a shadow step treatment group, the mean of gaint score increased of 9,1, in the control group there was an increase of 5,0. The results of t-Independent agility variables between the treatment and control groups obtained Taccount of 5,082 with significance 0,000, leg muscle power variables between the treatment and control groups obtained Taccount of 6,403 with significance 0,000. From the results of the data analysis and discussion, it can be concluded that; (1) shadow step training effect on the increase in agility men's badminton extracurricular of SMPN 1 Ubud. (2) shadow step training effect on the increase in leg muscle power men's badminton extracurricular of SMPN 1 Ubud.keyword : shadow step, agility, leg muscle power

scholarly journals Effect of physical training on lung function and respiratory muscles strength in policewomen trainees

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 2516
Author(s):  
Kamal M. Awad ◽  
Aamir Magzoub ◽  
Omer Elbedri ◽  
Omer Musa
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Physical Training ◽  
Respiratory Muscle ◽  
Muscle Power ◽  
Respiratory Muscles ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Trained Group ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Group I ◽  
The Mean

Background: Measurement of respiratory muscles strength has not been widely investigated in the context of physical training.Methods: This cross-sectional study has assessed pulmonary function and strength of respiratory muscles in two women groups: group I includes healthy policewomen (n=28) exposed to physical training 3 hours daily for at least 2 years and group II is a matched control group (n=31) of untrained apparently healthy second year medical students. Lung function tests including forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) and peak expiratory flow rate (PEF) were performed using a digital spirometer and maximum inspiratory and expiratory pressures (MIP and MEP) as indicators for respiratory muscle strength were measured using a digital respiratory pressure meter.Results: The mean FVC (L), FEV1 (L), PEF (L/min) values were significantly higher in the police-trained group (p=0.000, 0.000 and 0.003 respectively). Similarly, the mean MIP and MEP (cm/H2O) values were significantly higher among trained group (p=0.000 and 0.003 respectively).Conclusions: Long-term regular physical exercise improves lung function as well as respiratory muscle power and may delay the age-related decline in lung function. 

scholarly journals The reproducibility of electronic color measurements of the marginal gingiva

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-150
Author(s):  
Henning Staedt ◽  
Eva Mally ◽  
Herbert Scheller ◽  
Stefan Wentaschek ◽  
Peer Wolfgang Kämmerer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Color Difference ◽  
Color Measurement ◽  
Tooth Color ◽  
Color Coordinates ◽  
Measurement Systems ◽  
Color Determination ◽  
Determination System ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Measurement Devices

Abstract Introduction This study evaluated the reproducibility of electronic color determination system evaluations of the marginal gingiva, which could be important for adhesive cervical fillings or prosthetic restorations that imitate the gingiva. Material and methods In 50 subjects, the L*, a*, and b* color coordinates were evaluated five times at a point in the marginal area of a central incisor using different electronic color determination systems: (SP) Shadepilot, (ES) Easyshade, (CE) Crystaleye, and (SV) X-Rite. The mean color difference (ΔE) and its standard deviation between the five measurements from each participant were calculated separately for each device. Further ICC for interdevice reliability was determined. Results The L*, a*, and b* color coordinates and ΔE values differed significantly among the systems (p < 0.001). Within each patient and measurement system, ΔE ranged from 1.4 to 3.2 (SD 1.1–2.5), L* from 2.6 to 5.7 (SD 2.6–5.7), a* from 11.9 to 21.3 (SD 3.6–3.9), and b* from 15.1 to 28.9 (SD 1.7–4.3). Interdevice reliability ranged between 0.675 and 0.807. Conclusions Color determination of the marginal gingiva using the electronic tooth color determination systems tested herein showed limited reproducibility. The results obtained with the different measurement systems differed enormously. Clinical relevance These results show that the electronic color measurement devices tested allow no high reproducible determination of color coordinates of the marginal gingiva.

scholarly journals The Force-Velocity Relationship in Older People: Reliability and Validity of a Systematic Procedure

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (14) ◽  
pp. 1097-1104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian Alcazar ◽  
Carlos Rodriguez-Lopez ◽  
Ignacio Ara ◽  
Ana Alfaro-Acha ◽  
Asier Mañas-Bote ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Muscle Power ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Maximal Power ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Multiple Loads ◽  
Velocity Relationship ◽  
Force Velocity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Older Men And Women

AbstractThis study compared the reliability and validity of different protocols evaluating the force-velocity (F-V) relationship and muscle power in older adults. Thirty-one older men and women (75.8±4.7 years) underwent two F-V tests by collecting the mean and peak force and velocity data exerted against increasing loads until one repetition maximum (1RM) was achieved in the leg press exercise. Two attempts per load were performed, with a third attempt when F-V points deviated from the linear F-V regression equation. Then, the subjects performed 2×3 repetitions at 60% 1RM to compare purely concentric and eccentric-concentric repetitions. The Short Physical Performance Battery was conducted to assess the validity of the different protocols. Significant differences were found in maximal power (Pmax) between mean and peak values and between protocols differing in the number of attempts per load (p<0.01). Registering mean values, a third attempt, and multiple loads (>3), was significantly more reliable (Pmax: CV=2.6%; ICC=0.99) than the other alternatives. Mean values were also observed to be more associated with physical function than peak values (R2=0.34 and 0.15, respectively; p<0.05). No significant differences were observed between concentric and eccentric-concentric repetitions. Thus, collecting mean force and velocity values against multiple loads, while monitoring the linearity of the F-V relationship, seemed to be the more adequate procedure to assess the F-V profile and muscle power in older adults.

CLINICAL PREDICTORS FOR OUTCOME OF TREATMENT OF LUMBAR HERNIATED NUCLEUS PALPOSUS

2003 ◽  
Vol 07 (01) ◽  
pp. 61-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Buranapanitkit ◽  
K. Tautakul ◽  
A. Lim ◽  
A. Geater ◽  
U. Chomchan
Keyword(s):  
Conservative Treatment ◽  
Muscle Power ◽  
Clinical Predictors ◽  
Duration Of Symptoms ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Logistic Analysis ◽  
Prince Of Songkla University ◽  
Straight Leg Raising ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Occupation Level

Herniated nucleus palposus is a common and important cause of low back pain. Despite over 90% of the patients responding to conservative treatment, some patients still need operation. This study aimed to analyze the clinical predictors for the outcome of conservative treatment in herniated nucleus palposus. Two hundred and fifty-one patients who were diagnosed as lumbar herniated nucleus palposus and admitted to Prince of Songkla University during the period of 1995–2000 were included in the study. Patients who had absolute indications for surgery or had previous back surgery were excluded. Data were collected on demographic characteristics (age, sex, occupation, level of study, marital status), patient symptoms (including duration, characteristic and severity of pain) and result of physical examination (including result of straight leg raising test (SLRT), cross SLRT, motor power, sensory deficit and reflex). The mean age of the patients was 38 years and the mean duration of pain was 4.1 months. Eighty percent of the patients had positive SLRT and abnormal neurological function was found in 73%. One hundred and eighty-six patients underwent surgery owing to failure of conservative treatment. From multivariate logistic analysis, five independent factors affecting failure of conservative treatment of herniated nucleus palposus were pain intensity, duration of symptoms, positive cross SLRT, grade of muscle power and number of dermatome deficit. When constructing the parameters into a scoring system, we found that if the patient had a score less than 45, 80% of them respond to conservative treatment, in contrast to those who scored more than 65, the probability of conservative failure was 80%. This study implies that clinical predictors can be used for determining probability of conservative failure in herniated nucleus palposus.

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