scholarly journals Reliability of Body Temperature Measurements Obtained with Contactless Infrared Point Thermometers Commonly Used during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 3794
Author(s):  
Filippo Piccinini ◽  
Giovanni Martinelli ◽  
Antonella Carbonaro
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
The Body ◽  
Temperature Measurements ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Public Place ◽  
Public Places ◽  
High Temperature Measurement ◽  
Fourth Experiment ◽  
Working Distance

During the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been a significant increase in the use of non-contact infrared devices for screening the body temperatures of people at the entrances of hospitals, airports, train stations, churches, schools, shops, sports centres, offices, and public places in general. The strong correlation between a high body temperature and SARS-CoV-2 infection has motivated the governments of several countries to restrict access to public indoor places simply based on a person’s body temperature. Negating/allowing entrance to a public place can have a strong impact on people. For example, a cancer patient could be refused access to a cancer centre because of an incorrect high temperature measurement. On the other hand, underestimating an individual’s body temperature may allow infected patients to enter indoor public places where it is much easier for the virus to spread to other people. Accordingly, during the COVID-19 pandemic, the reliability of body temperature measurements has become fundamental. In particular, a debated issue is the reliability of remote temperature measurements, especially when these are aimed at identifying in a quick and reliable way infected subjects. Working distance, body–device angle, and light conditions and many other metrological and subjective issues significantly affect the data acquired via common contactless infrared point thermometers, making the acquisition of reliable measurements at the entrance to public places a challenging task. The main objective of this work is to sensitize the community to the typical incorrect uses of infrared point thermometers, as well as the resulting drifts in measurements of body temperature. Using several commercial contactless infrared point thermometers, we performed four different experiments to simulate common scenarios in a triage emergency room. In the first experiment, we acquired several measurements for each thermometer without measuring the working distance or angle of inclination to show that, for some instruments, the values obtained can differ by 1 °C. In the second and third experiments, we analysed the impacts of the working distance and angle of inclination of the thermometers, respectively, to prove that only a few cm/degrees can cause drifts higher than 1 °C. Finally, in the fourth experiment, we showed that the light in the environment can also cause changes in temperature up to 0.5 °C. Ultimately, in this study, we quantitatively demonstrated that the working distance, angle of inclination, and light conditions can strongly impact temperature measurements, which could invalidate the screening results.

Rancang bangun sistem deteksi suhu tubuh dan hand sanitizer nirsentuh pada prototype pintu geser otomatis

JURNAL ELTEK ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Putri Elfa Mas`udia ◽  
Mila Kusumawardhani ◽  
Dianthy Marya ◽  
Khayyinah Varadiba ◽  
Marviyanto Etnika Bagaskara
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Temperature Sensor ◽  
The Body ◽  
Temperature Measurements ◽  
Stepper Motor ◽  
Health Ministry ◽  
Optimal Position ◽  
Security Officer ◽  
Hand Sanitizer ◽  
Temperature Detection

Dalam situasi pandemi Covid-19, roda perekonomian harus tetap berjalan dengan mengedepankan protokol kesehatan. Melansir dari keputusan menteri kesehatan bahwa setiap kantor di Indonesia yang tetap melaksakan Work From Office selama PSBB berlangsung maka harus melakukan pengukuran suhu tubuh, menyediakan hand sanitizer dengan konsentrasi alkohol minimal 70% atau menyediakan sarana cuci tangan di depan pintu masuk. Masalah yang sering terjadi adalah pengukuran suhu tubuh masih dilakukan secara manual oleh satpam kantor, dan tidak terbiasanya para karyawan untuk menggunakan hand sanitizer. Sebagai upaya pendisiplinan karyawan, maka dirancang prototype pintu otomatis yang hanya bisa terbuka jika suhu tubuh normal dan karyawan sudah menggunakan hand sanitizer.   Deteksi suhu tubuh dilakukan menggunakan sensor suhu  MLX90614 dan deteksi objek tangan menggunakan sensor infrared. Pintu geser digerakkan oleh Stepper Motor NEMA 17, pintu secara otomatis akan terbuka ketika suhu terdeteksi normal, jika tidak maka buzzer akan berbunyi dan pintu tetap tertutup. Hasil dari penelitian ini memperoleh hasil pengujian keakuratan sensor suhu MLX90614 sebesar 96.8%, posisi tangan optimal yaitu posisi tangan menengadah dengan jarak 1cm terhadap sensor, dan volume hand sanitizer yang cukup untuk mengcover seluruh telapak tangan dewasa adalah pada delay 500 ms yaitu sebesar 2.2991 gram.   During the Covid-19 pandemic, the economics activities must go on with strict health protocols. From the recommendation of health ministry, that every office in Indonesia that still performs Work From Office during the pandemic, temperature measurements must be carried out at the entrance to the office and hand sanitizer that contains minimum of 70% alcohol or hand washing facilities must be provided as well. The problem is that body temperature measurements are still done manually by security officer, and some employees are still not familiar to use hand sanitizer periodically. As an option to make employees discipline, a prototype of automatic door is designed in this research. It can only open if the body temperature of employee is normal and the employee has used hand sanitizer. Body temperature detection is carried out by using the MLX90614 temperature sensor and hand object detection will utilize infrared sensor. The sliding door is driven by the NEMA 17 Stepper Motor, the door will automatically open when the temperature is detected normally, otherwise the buzzer will sound and the door will be still closed. From the testing results in this research, the accuracy of the MLX90614 temperature sensor is 96.8%, the optimal position of the hand is 1 cm from the sensor with looking up position. And the volume of the hand sanitizer that is sufficient to cover all adult palms with 500 ms delay is 2.2991 grams.

A Non-Invasive Body Temperature Measurements in Cow using IR Thermometry

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S MURUGESWARI ◽  
Kalpana Murugan ◽  
R. Sundaraprem
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
The Body ◽  
Temperature Measurements ◽  
Extreme Temperatures ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Surface Temperatures ◽  
Abdominal Region ◽  
Measuring Surface

Abstract This research deals with continuous surface body temperature measurements in cow using IR based thermometry. Body surface temperatures were estimated contactless utilizing recordings from an IR thermometry fixed at a specific region in the cow. The body surface temperatures were dissected reflectively at two regions: the rectal region (behind the tail) and abdominal region (nearer the stomach) in the cow. The traditional invasive rectal temperature filled in as a kind of perspective temperature and was estimated with a computerized thermometer at the comparing time point. An aggregate of ten cows (Redsindhi, HF cross, Kangayam ) was inspected. The normal most extreme temperatures of the territory of the rectal (mean ± SD: 38.69 ± 0.5°C) and the abdominal region (38.4 ± 0.51°C). The temperatures of these regions in the cow were 95% accurate than the traditional invasive rectal temperature measurements. Notwithstanding, the most extreme temperatures as estimated utilizing IR thermometry expanded with an expansion in cow rectal temperature. These temperature readings are then been communicate to the remote server for continuous monitoring of the condition of cows. This communication is carried out by using Bluetooth/Wifi medium. Since this framework comes out with a non-invasive fashion measuring surface body temperature, will be an alternate way of taking a reading of temperature rather than computing the internal body temperature in an invasive fashion. Subsequently, this IR thermometry shows potential as a marker for consistent temperature estimations in cows.

Free-Running Human Circadian Rhythms in Svalbard

1979 ◽  
Vol 34 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 470-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Johnsson ◽  
W. Engelmann ◽  
W. Klemke ◽  
Aud Tveito Ekse
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Continuous Light ◽  
Circadian System ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Temperature Recording ◽  
Rest Time ◽  
Free Running

Abstract The body temperature, activity-rest time, electrolytes of urine samples and mood was measured in two persons during a 19 day period under continuous light conditions in the arctic (vicinity of Ny Ålesund, Svalbard-Spitsbergen). For temperature recording a new thermoprobe and a portable printer was used. Possible week Zeitgeber of the 24 hour day did not synchronize the circadian system, since circadian rhythms of about 26 hours were found. These results open up the pos­ sibility to study effects of drugs on the circadian system of humans under Svalbard conditions.

scholarly journals MENENTANG SEKULARISME: Upaya Membentuk Kesalehan Subjek Muslim di Banten

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 305
Author(s):  
Mohamad Hudaeri
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
The Body ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
Public Place ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Islamic Movements ◽  
The Public ◽  
Moral Cultivation ◽  
Political Orientations ◽  
Islamic Identity

<p class="Iabstrak"><em>Contemporary Islamic movements have undergone many changes of outlook, social and political orientations. The movement is not directed to establish an Islamic state or to support the use of military forces to achieve individual and<br /> communal programs in preparing "good Muslims". But the project is directed to self-transformation through moral cultivation and ethics as the foundation to be performed in public spaces. The movement is more directed to the process of reislamization related to social and discipline practices to prepare a good Muslim. This article explores the Islamization of public space in the Banten province. That is related to the construction of Islamic identity of the body and the public place. Construction of Islamic identity of the body is stressed by obliging veils (ḥijāb) for Muslim women. While Islamization of public places is through mounting names of Allah (Asmaul Husna) and other Islamic messages in several major highways.</em></p><p class="Iabstrak">Gerakan Islam kontemporer banyak mengalami perubahan visi dan orientasi sosial dan politik. Gerakan tersebut bukan diarahkan untuk mendirikan negara Islam atau mendukung penggunaan militer dan kekerasan untuk me­wujudkan program menciptakan individu dan masyarakat “Muslim yang baik”. Tetapi proyek tersebut diarahkan untuk transformasi-diri melalui penanaman moral dan etika sebagai landasan untuk bisa tampil di ruang publik. Gerakan tersebut lebih diarahkan kepada proses re-Islamisasi yang berkaitan dengan praktek sosial dan praktek disiplin untuk membentuk subjek Muslim yang baik. Tulisan ini mengeksplorasi tentang Islamisasi ruang publik yang ada di Provinsi Banten. Yakni terkait dengan konstruksi identitas Keislaman terhadap tubuh dan tempat publik. Konstruksi identitas Islam terhadap tubuh ditekankan melalui keharusan untuk berjilbab bagi wanita Muslimah. Sedangkan Islamisasi tempat publik adalah pemasangan nama-nama Allah (<em>Asmā’ al-Ḥusnā</em>) dan pesan-pesan Islam lainnya di beberapa jalan raya utama.<strong></strong></p>

scholarly journals Rancang Bangun Pengukur Suhu Tubuh Berbasis Arduino Sebagai Alat Deteksi Awal Covid-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rindi Wulandari
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Temperature Data ◽  
The Body ◽  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Public Places ◽  
The People ◽  
Computer Device ◽  
The Government

<p class="AbstractEnglish"><strong>Abstract:</strong> Maintaining health is very important for life especially in the current Covid-19 pandemic. One of the protocols imposed by the government for people who do in public spaces or open facilities is to check body temperature. In this study, arduino-based body temperature gauges were designed to have reminder alarms if the body temperature was above 37.30 and connected to a computer device via bluetooth. This body temperature gauge utilizes the DS18B20 sensor to measure temperature in celsius (0C). Body temperature data is also displayed on the 16x2 (cm) LCD found on the appliance. The test results of body temperature measuring instruments compared to thermo guns and have a deviation range of 1.16% - 2.02%. This body temperature gauge is expected to be installed in public places that need to conduct checks on the people who will be active in the room, the operator can stand at the control table so that it does not come into direct contact with the community.</p><p class="AbstrakIndonesia"><strong>Abstrak:</strong> Menjaga kesehatan merupakan hal yang sangat penting bagi kehidupan terutama di masa pandemi Covid- 19 sekarang. Salah satu protokol yang diberlakukan oleh pemerintah bagi masyarakat yang berkegiatan di ruang umum atau fasilitas terbuka adalah memeriksa suhu tubuh. Dalam penelitian ini dibuat rancang bangun alat pengukur suhu tubuh berbasis arduino yang memiliki alarm pengingat jika suhu tubuh berada diatas angka 37.30 dan terhubung ke perangkat komputer melalui bluetooth. Alat pengukur suhu tubuh ini memanfaatkan sensor DS18B20 untuk mengukur suhu dalam satuan celcius (0C). Data suhu tubuh juga ditampilkan pada LCD 16x2 (cm) yang terdapat pada alat. Hasil pengujian alat ukur suhu tubuh dibandingkan dengan thermo gun dan memiliki rentang penyimpangan 1.16% - 2.02%. Alat pengukur suhu tubuh ini diharapkan dapat dipasang di tempat-tempat umum yang membutuhkan untuk melakukan pemeriksaan terhadap masyarakat yanga akan beraktifitas diruangan tersebut, operator dapat berdiri di meja kendali sehingga tidak kontak langsung dengan masyarakat.</p>

Antipyretic Plants: An Updated Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-12
Author(s):  
Vandana Garg ◽  
Rohit Dutt
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Inflammatory Mediators ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
The Body ◽  
Hypothalamic Area ◽  
Antipyretic Activity ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Elevated Body Temperature

Background: Fever, is known as pyrexia, may occur due to infection, inflammation, or any tissue damage and disease states. Normally, the infected or damaged tissue initiates the enhanced formation of pro-inflammatory mediators like cytokines which further increases the synthesis of prostaglandin E2 (PgE2) near the hypothalamic area and thereby trigger the hypothalamus to elevate the body temperature. Objective: Antipyretics are the agents which reduce the elevated body temperature. The most commonly used antipyretic agent, paracetamol, may be fatal due to its side effects. Methods: In this review paper, Chemical Abstracts, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct were the sources for the published article to collect information regarding antipyretic activity. Results: This review compiles the antipyretic plants that may be useful to treat fever due to various diseases. Conclusion: These medicinal plants could be good alternatives for traditional allopathic antipyretics.

A Litreary Review of Vishama Jwara and its principle of treatment

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr.Saurabh Parauha ◽  
Hullur M. A. ◽  
Prashanth A. S.
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
The State ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cardinal Symptoms

In Ayurveda, Jwara is not merely the concept of raised body temperature, but as is said in Charaka Samhita, 'Deha- Indriya- Manah- Santap' is the cardinal symptoms of Jwara. This can be defined as the state where the body, mind as well as sense oragans suffer due to the high temperature. Vishamajwara is a type of fever, which is described in all Ayurvedic texts. Charaka mentioned Vishamajwara and Chakrapani have commented on Vishamajwara as Bhutanubanda, Susruta affirmed that Aagantuchhanubhandohi praysho Vishamajware. Madhavakara has also recognised Vishamajwara as Bhutabhishangajanya (infected by microorganism). Vishamajwara is irregular (inconsistent) in it's Arambha (nature of onset commitment), Kriya (action production of symptoms) and Kala (time of appearance) and possesses Anushanga (persistence for long periods). The treatment of this disease depends upon Vegavastha and Avegavastha of Jwara. Various Shodhana and Shamana procedures are mentioned in classics to treat Visham Jwara.

ADAPTATION OF WHITE MICE (MUS MUSCULUS) TO REPEATED COOLING

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Ogilvie
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
The Body ◽  
Progressive Decrease

The effects, on the body temperature of white mice, of repeated short exposures to cold were investigated using two methods of restraint. Animals held in a flattened posture became hypothermic at room temperature, cooled more than five times as fast at −10 °C as mice that could adopt a heat-conserving posture, and continued to cool for some time after they were removed from the cold. With repeated tests, cooling at room temperature decreased, and an improvement in re warming ability was observed. In addition, with lightly restrained mice, the fall in rectal temperature during cold exposure showed a progressive decrease, a phenomenon not observed with severely restrained animals.

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