scholarly journals SDN-Based Network Slicing Mechanism for a Scalable 4G/5G Core Network: A Kubernetes Approach

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 3773
Author(s):  
Robert Botez ◽  
Jose Costa-Requena ◽  
Iustin-Alexandru Ivanciu ◽  
Vlad Strautiu ◽  
Virgil Dobrota
Keyword(s):  
Web Services ◽  
Mobile Network ◽  
High Availability ◽  
Core Network ◽  
Network Resources ◽  
Network Slicing ◽  
5G Network ◽  
Amazon Web Services ◽  
Network Functions ◽  
End To End

Managing the large volumes of IoT and M2M traffic requires the evaluation of the scalability and reliability for all the components in the end-to-end system. This includes connectivity, mobile network functions, and application or services receiving and processing the data from end devices. Firstly, this paper discusses the design of a containerized IoT and M2M application and the mechanisms for delivering automated scalability and high availability when deploying it in: (1) the edge using balenaCloud; (2) the Amazon Web Services cloud with EC2 instances; and (3) the dedicated Amazon Web Services IoT service. The experiments showed that there are no significant differences between edge and cloud deployments regarding resource consumption. Secondly, the solutions for scaling the 4G/5G network functions and mobile backhaul that provide the connectivity between devices and IoT/M2M applications are analyzed. In this case, the scalability and high availability of the 4G/5G components are provided by Kubernetes. The experiments showed that our proposed scaling algorithm for network slicing managed with SDN guarantees the necessary radio and network resources for end-to-end high availability.

scholarly journals BLOCKCHAIN-BASED NETWORK FUNCTIONS VIRTUALIZATION FOR 5G NETWORK SLICING

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 54-59
Author(s):  
Taras MAKSYMYUK ◽  
◽  
Volodymyr ANDRUSHCHAK ◽  
Stepan DUMYCH ◽  
Bohdan SHUBYN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Software Defined Radio ◽  
Network Architecture ◽  
Radio Resource Management ◽  
Mobile Network ◽  
Network Slicing ◽  
5G Network ◽  
Radio Resources ◽  
Network Functions ◽  
Mobile Network Operators

The paper proposes a new blockchain-based network architecture for 5G network functions virtualization. By using a combination of AI and blockchain technologies, proposed system provides flexible network deployment, interoperability between different mobile network operators and effective management of radio resources. Experimental testbed of the proposed system has been implemented by using cloud and edge computing infrastructure and software defined radio peripheral NI USRP 2900. Simulation results of the network slicing and radio resource management shows that proposed system is able to double the capacity of the physical network infrastructure, while ensuring the target quality of service for all users.

scholarly journals Architecture for integrating vertical customer’s programmability control of network functions and connectivity in a slice-as-a-service schema

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis M. Contreras ◽  
Samier Barguil ◽  
Ricard Vilalta ◽  
Victor López
Keyword(s):  
Business Model ◽  
Use Cases ◽  
Network Slicing ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Network Functions ◽  
End To End ◽  
Operational Networks ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Telecom Infrastructure ◽  
As If

AbstractNetwork slicing will permit offering to vertical customers tailored end-to-end logical networks in an on-demand fashion, on top of a common telecom infrastructure, achieving a Slices-as-a-Service (SlaaS) business model. This is possible due to the progressive introduction of network softwarization techniques, such as programmability and virtualization, into existing operational networks, enabling dynamic and flexible provision of slices. Those vertical customers could require the control not only of the network functions composing the end-to-end service, but also of the connectivity among them, e.g., for influencing the paths for steering traffic among function instances. However, this can be problematic since decisions from one vertical customer can collide with decisions from others. One aspect not yet sufficiently investigated is how to permit vertical customers to jointly control the service functions and the underlay connectivity, in such a way that could operate the allocated slice as if it was actually a dedicated network entirely for them. This paper explores some architectural proposition in this respect illustrated with some potential use cases and it provides an example of the provision of SlaaS for a vertical customer.

scholarly journals An Effective and Efficient Adaptive Probability Data Dissemination Protocol in VANET

Data ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Sospeter ◽  
Di Wu ◽  
Saajid Hussain ◽  
Tesfanesh Tesfa
Keyword(s):  
Data Dissemination ◽  
Probabilistic Approach ◽  
Mobile Network ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Network Resources ◽  
Network Resource ◽  
V2v Communication ◽  
End To End Delay ◽  
End To End ◽  
Road Segments

Mobile network topology changes dynamically over time because of the high velocity of vehicles. Therefore, the concept of the data dissemination scheme in a VANET environment has become an issue of debate for many research scientists. The main purpose of VANET is to ensure passenger safety application by considering the critical emergency message. The design of the message dissemination protocol should take into consideration effective data dissemination to provide a high packet data ratio and low end-to-end delay by using network resources at a minimal level. In this paper, an effective and efficient adaptive probability data dissemination protocol (EEAPD) is proposed. EEAPD comprises a delay scheme and probabilistic approach. The redundancy ratio (r) metric is used to explain the correlation between road segments and vehicles’ density in rebroadcast probability decisions. The uniqueness of the EEAPD protocol comes from taking into account the number of road segments to decide which nodes are suitable for rebroadcasting the emergency message. The last road segment is considered in the transmission range because of the probability of it having small vehicle density. From simulation results, the proposed protocol provides a better high-packet delivery ratio and low-packet drop ratio by providing better use of the network resource within low end-to-end delay. This protocol is designed for only V2V communication by considering a beaconless strategy. the simulations in this study were conducted using Ns-3.26 and traffic simulator called “SUMO”.

scholarly journals Empowering the Internet of Vehicles with Multi-RAT 5G Network Slicing

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (14) ◽  
pp. 3107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramon Sanchez-Iborra ◽  
José Santa ◽  
Jorge Gallego-Madrid ◽  
Stefan Covaci ◽  
Antonio Skarmeta
Keyword(s):  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Critical Systems ◽  
Core Network ◽  
Resource Assignment ◽  
Network Slicing ◽  
Internet Of Vehicles ◽  
5G Network ◽  
Multi Access

Internet of Vehicles (IoV) is a hot research niche exploiting the synergy between Cooperative Intelligent Transportation Systems (C-ITS) and the Internet of Things (IoT), which can greatly benefit of the upcoming development of 5G technologies. The variety of end-devices, applications, and Radio Access Technologies (RATs) in IoV calls for new networking schemes that assure the Quality of Service (QoS) demanded by the users. To this end, network slicing techniques enable traffic differentiation with the aim of ensuring flow isolation, resource assignment, and network scalability. This work fills the gap of 5G network slicing for IoV and validates it in a realistic vehicular scenario. It offers an accurate bandwidth control with a full flow-isolation, which is essential for vehicular critical systems. The development is based on a distributed Multi-Access Edge Computing (MEC) architecture, which provides flexibility for the dynamic placement of the Virtualized Network Functions (VNFs) in charge of managing network traffic. The solution is able to integrate heterogeneous radio technologies such as cellular networks and specific IoT communications with potential in the vehicular sector, creating isolated network slices without risking the Core Network (CN) scalability. The validation results demonstrate the framework capabilities of short and predictable slice-creation time, performance/QoS assurance and service scalability of up to one million connected devices.

scholarly journals An End-to-End Network Slicing Algorithm Based on Deep Q-Learning for 5G Network

IEEE Access ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 122229-122240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taihui Li ◽  
Xiaorong Zhu ◽  
Xu Liu
Keyword(s):  
Network Slicing ◽  
Q Learning ◽  
5G Network ◽  
End To End

scholarly journals End-to-End Network Slicing in Radio Access Network, Transport Network and Core Network Domains

IEEE Access ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 29525-29537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu Li ◽  
Rui Ni ◽  
Jun Chen ◽  
Yibo Lyu ◽  
Zhichao Rong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Access Network ◽  
Transport Network ◽  
Core Network ◽  
Network Slicing ◽  
Radio Access Network ◽  
Network Transport ◽  
Radio Access ◽  
End To End

scholarly journals Towards Efficiently Provisioning 5G Core Network Slice Based on Resource and Topology Attributes

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (20) ◽  
pp. 4361
Author(s):  
Xin Li ◽  
Chengcheng Guo ◽  
Jun Xu ◽  
Lav Gupta ◽  
Raj Jain
Keyword(s):  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Core Network ◽  
Bandwidth Utilization ◽  
Network Resource ◽  
Network Slicing ◽  
Acceptance Ratio ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Node Ranking ◽  
And Topology ◽  
5G Network

Efficient provisioning of 5G network slices is a major challenge for 5G network slicing technology. Previous slice provisioning methods have only considered network resource attributes and ignored network topology attributes. These methods may result in a decrease in the slice acceptance ratio and the slice provisioning revenue. To address these issues, we propose a two-stage heuristic slice provisioning algorithm, called RT-CSP, for the 5G core network by jointly considering network resource attributes and topology attributes in this paper. The first stage of our method is called the slice node provisioning stage, in which we propose an approach to scoring and ranking nodes using network resource attributes (i.e., CPU capacity and bandwidth) and topology attributes (i.e., degree centrality and closeness centrality). Slice nodes are then provisioned according to the node ranking results. In the second stage, called the slice link provisioning stage, the k-shortest path algorithm is implemented to provision slice links. To further improve the performance of RT-CSP, we propose RT-CSP+, which uses our designed strategy, called minMaxBWUtilHops, to select the best physical path to host the slice link. The strategy minimizes the product of the maximum link bandwidth utilization of the candidate physical path and the number of hops in it to avoid creating bottlenecks in the physical path and reduce the bandwidth cost. Using extensive simulations, we compared our results with those of the state-of-the-art algorithms. The experimental results show that our algorithms increase slice acceptance ratio and improve the provisioning revenue-to-cost ratio.

Caching Resource Sharing for Network Slicing in 5G Core Network

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingmin Jia ◽  
RenChao Xie ◽  
Tao Huang ◽  
Jiang Liu ◽  
Yunjie Liu
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Resource Sharing ◽  
Iteration Algorithm ◽  
Core Network ◽  
Network Slicing ◽  
Good Convergence ◽  
5G Network ◽  
Convergence Performance ◽  
Multiple Network ◽  
The One

Network slicing has been considered a promising technology in next generation mobile networks (5G), which can create virtual networks and provide customized service on demand. Most existing works on network slicing mainly focus on virtualization technology, and have not considered in-network caching well. However, in-network caching, as the one of the key technologies for information-centric networking (ICN), has been considered as a significant approach in 5G network to cope with the traffic explosion and network challenges. In this article, the authors jointly consider in-network caching combining with network slicing. They propose an efficient caching resource sharing scheme for network slicing in 5G core network, aiming at solving the problem of how to efficiently share the limited physical caching resource of Infrastructure Provider (InP) among multiple network slices. In addition, from the perspective of network slicing, the authors formulate caching resource sharing problem as a non-cooperative game, and propose an iteration algorithm based on caching resource updating to obtain the Nash Equilibrium solution. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has good convergence performance, and illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

scholarly journals Admission Control for 5G Network Slicing based on (Deep) Reinforcement Learning

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Fernando Villota Jácome ◽  
Oscar Mauricio Caicedo Rendon ◽  
Nelson Luis Saldanha da Fonseca
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Reinforcement Learning ◽  
Admission Control ◽  
Time Windows ◽  
Core Network ◽  
Network Slicing ◽  
Q Learning ◽  
Model Free ◽  
5G Network ◽  
Substrate Network

Network Slicing is a promising technology for providing customized logical and virtualized networks for the industry’s vertical segments.This paper proposes SARA and DSARA for the performance of admission control and resource allocation for network slice requests of eMBB, URLLC, and MIoT type in the 5G core network. SARA introduced a Q-learning based algorithm and DSARA a DQN-based algorithm to select the most profitable requests from a set that arrived in given time windows. These algorithms are model-free, meaning they do not make assumptions about the substrate network as do optimization based approaches.

scholarly journals Expanding GÉANT Testbeds Service to Support Pan-European 5G Network Slices for Research in the EuWireless Project

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Álvaro Rios ◽  
Barbara Valera-Muros ◽  
Pedro Merino-Gomez ◽  
Jerry Sobieski
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Network ◽  
5G Networks ◽  
Transport Networks ◽  
Network Slicing ◽  
Horizon 2020 ◽  
Wired Networks ◽  
Radio Access ◽  
5G Network ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Design Options

This paper presents the design options for creating a Pan-European mobile network for research in the context of the European Horizon 2020 EuWireless project. The most likely direction is a platform that makes it easier to create network slices for research. In this context, we identify one promising technology to implement network slicing in 5G networks: the framework GÉANT Testbeds Service (GTS). GTS is currently a production service by GÉANT that offers remote construction and use of virtual testbeds for wired networks mapped to the real GÉANT infrastructure. These GTS-virtualized testbed environments conform to Software Define Networks (SDNs) principles and offer compute, storage, and switching resources, at scale and with line rate performance. In this paper, we explain how the current (wired oriented) GTS can be extended with the 5G components, such as radio access nodes (gNBs), transport networks, user devices, etc., in order to implement 5G network slices. Our first conclusion is that using GTS for EuWireless implementation is feasible, dramatically increasing the potential impact of this service in the research community.

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