scholarly journals Novel Real-Time OEP Phase Angle Feedback System for Dysfunctional Breathing Pattern Training—An Acute Intervention Study

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 3714
Author(s):  
Carol M. E. Smyth ◽  
Samantha L. Winter ◽  
John W. Dickinson
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Chest Wall ◽  
Phase Angle ◽  
Breathing Pattern ◽  
Feedback System ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Breathing Patterns ◽  
Breathing Retraining ◽  
Dysfunctional Breathing ◽  
Experimental Group

Dysfunctional breathing patterns (DBP) can have an impact on an individual’s quality of life and/or exercise performance. Breathing retraining is considered to be the first line of treatment to correct breathing pattern, for example, reducing ribcage versus abdominal movement asynchrony. Optoelectronic plethysmography (OEP) is a non-invasive 3D motion capture technique that measures the movement of the chest wall. The purpose of this study was to investigate if the use of a newly developed real-time OEP phase angle and volume feedback system, as an acute breathing retraining intervention, could result in a greater reduction of phase angle values (i.e., an improvement in movement synchrony) when compared to real-time OEP volume feedback alone. Eighteen individuals with a DBP performed an incremental cycle test with OEP measuring chest wall movement. Participants were randomly assigned to either the control group, which included the volume-based OEP feedback or to the experimental group, which included both the volume-based and phase angle OEP feedback. Participants then repeated the same cycle test using the real-time OEP feedback. The phase angle between the ribcage versus abdomen (RcAbPhase), between the pulmonary ribcage and the combined abdominal ribcage and abdomen (RCpAbPhase), and between the abdomen and the shoulders (AbSPhase) were calculated during both cycle tests. Significant increases in RcAbPhase (pre: −2.89°, post: −1.39°, p < 0.01), RCpAbPhase (pre: −2.00°, post: −0.50°, p < 0.01), and AbSPhase (pre: −2.60°, post: −0.72°, p < 0.01) were found post-intervention in the experimental group. This indicates that the experimental group demonstrated improved synchrony in their breathing pattern and therefore, reverting towards a healthy breathing pattern. This study shows for the first time that dysfunctional breathing patterns can be acutely improved with real-time OEP phase angle feedback and provides interesting insight into the feasibility of using this novel feedback system for breathing pattern retraining in individuals with DBP.

scholarly journals Design and Implementation of Track and Field Training Information Collection and Feedback System Based on Multi-sensor Information Fusion

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Li ◽  
Chengliang Li
Keyword(s):  
Information Fusion ◽  
Feedback System ◽  
Track And Field ◽  
Information Collection ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Average Performance ◽  
Field Training ◽  
Sensor Information ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Field Sports

AbstractTrack and field sports are known as the "mother of sports". Whether in the field of athletics, fitness, or education, modern track and field sports have developed rapidly. The field of athletics has reached the point where it challenges the limits of humans. The development of China is inseparable from the support of science and technology, and it is inseparable from human scientific research on track and field sports. In order to improve the scientific level of track and field training methods and develop our country's sports industry, this paper designs a track and field training information collection and feedback system based on multi-sensor information fusion. In the method part, this article briefly introduces the content of track and field sports, the mode of multi-sensor information fusion and the existing sports information collection system, using weight coefficient fusion method, D-S evidence theory algorithm and Kalman filter algorithm. This paper designs an information collection and feedback system based on multi-sensor information fusion, and conducts demand analysis, comparative analysis, and data record analysis on this system. By designing the experimental group and the control group, it can be seen that the average performance of the two groups of athletes in the 50-meter run in 8 weeks has improved, and the data of the experimental group and the control group show significant differences. After the experiment, the average performance of the male athletes in the control group increased from around 8.32 to around 8.12, an increase of 4.7%. The performance of male athletes in the experimental group increased from 8.37 to 7.92, an increase of 5.6%. It can also be known that before the experiment, the average performance of the athletes in the selected control group was due to the experimental group, but after 8 weeks of experiment, the increase in the experimental group was higher than that of the control group. This shows that the data collection and feedback system using multi-sensor information fusion can be more accurately and differentiatedly applied to track and field training, and can find problems in athletes, so as to prescribe the right medicine.

Assessing reinforcing versus aversive consequences in a real-time secondhand smoke intervention

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Berardi ◽  
John Bellettiere ◽  
Benjamin Nguyen ◽  
Neil E Klepeis ◽  
Suzanne C Hughes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Real World ◽  
Secondhand Smoke ◽  
Relative Effectiveness ◽  
Feedback System ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sensing Technology ◽  
Control Versus ◽  
Particle Counts ◽  
Post Hoc

Abstract Few studies have examined the relative effectiveness of reinforcing versus aversive consequences at changing behavior in real-world environments. Real-time sensing devices makes it easier to investigate such questions, offering the potential to improve both intervention outcomes and theory. This research aims to describe the development of a real-time, operant theory-based secondhand smoke (SHS) intervention and compare the efficacy of aversive versus aversive plus reinforcement contingency systems. Indoor air particle monitors were placed in the households of 253 smokers for approximately three months. Participants were assigned to a measurement-only control group (N = 129) or one of the following groups: 1.) aversive only (AO, N = 71), with aversive audio/visual consequences triggered by the detection of elevated air particle measurements, or 2.) aversive plus reinforcement (AP, N = 53), with reinforcing consequences contingent on the absence of SHS added to the AO intervention. Residualized change ANCOVA analysis compared particle concentrations over time and across groups. Post-hoc pairwise comparisons were also performed. After controlling for Baseline, Post-Baseline daily particle counts (F = 6.42, p = 0.002), % of time &gt;15,000 counts (F = 7.72, p &lt; 0.001), and daily particle events (F = 4.04, p = 0.02) significantly differed by study group. Nearly all control versus AO/AP pair-wise comparisons were statistically significant. No significant differences were found for AO versus AP groups. The aversive feedback system reduced SHS, but adding reinforcing consequences did not further improve outcomes. The complexity of real-world environments requires the nuances of these two contingency systems continue to be explored, with this study demonstrating that real-time sensing technology can serve as a platform for such research.

scholarly journals Експериментальне зараження поросят вірусом епідемічної діареї свиней

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (77) ◽  
pp. 208-213
Author(s):  
D. Masiuk ◽  
A. Sosnitskiy ◽  
A. Kokarev ◽  
S. Koliada
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Real Time System ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Neonatal Piglets ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

There were infected neonatal piglets in the first days of their lives PED virus suspension derived from pigs previously PED patients. Diagnosis for PED in piglets donor virus PED was inserted complex method for clinical and epizootic performance and confirmed the identification PEDV by PCR-RT using the test system «EZ-RED/TGE/PDCoV MPX 1.0 Real time RT-PCR» company Tetracore (USA) Thermocyclers CFX 96 Real-Time System company BIO RAD (USA). Homogenate small intestine of pigs PEDV donor, prepared in a blender for PCR in a thick band of 18 animal carcasses, frozen at -18 °C without cryopreservation and kept 359 days. Before infecting pigs and strip defrost by RT-PCR identified the concentration of the virus genome equivalents (GE) without establishing viable virions quantitative pathogen. For Sample 20 selected analog neonatal piglets, divided them into 3 experimental groups (group 1 – 5 piglets, group 2 – 5 piglets and group 3 – 7 piglets) and one control (3 piglets). Research pigs infected per os virus-containing suspension with a concentration PEDV 1.03×106 GE/cm3. The dose for infection first group was 6 cm3 (6.18×106 GE/cm3), for the second – 5 cm3 (5,15 × 106 GE/cm3), for the third – 4 cm3 (4.12 GE×106/cm3) homogenate. The fourth group – control (not infected). All the pigs were in identical conditions that fully meet the physiological needs of the body. Of the 17 infected pigs only 2 was infected PEDV. PED was confirmed by laboratory methods. In bacteriological examination of internal organs of pigs that came out of a research experiment and control group were diagnosed colibacteriosis. In the control group was isolated from heart and intestinal non-pathogenic for white mice E. coli. From pigs 1 and 2 research groups has been allocated to white mice nonpathogenic E. coli, is set colibacteriosis; 2 experimental group found in one pig hemolytic E. coli; 3 experimental group from the internal organs of pigs in conjunction with non-pathogenic for mice intestinal former cane isolated Klesiella spp., is diagnosed with mixed infection (E. coli, Klesiella spp.). From the intestine of experimental and control pigs do not identified beneficial microflora – aerococcus, lactobacteria, bifidobacteria and cultured putrefactive anaerobic spore facultative and non spore microflora.

scholarly journals Effect of real-time ultrasound imaging for biofeedback on trunk muscle contraction in healthy subjects: a preliminary study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanshan Lin ◽  
Bo Zhu ◽  
Yiyi Zheng ◽  
Guozhi Huang ◽  
Qing Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Contraction ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Ultrasound Imaging ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Transversus Abdominis ◽  
Trunk Muscles ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Visual Biofeedback ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Experimental Group

Abstract Background: Real-time ultrasound imaging (RUSI) has been increasingly used as a form of biofeedback when instructing and re-training muscle contraction. However, the effectiveness of the RUSI on a single sustained contraction of the lumbar multifidus (LM) and transversus abdominis (TrA) has rarely been reported. This preliminary study aimed to determine if the use of RUSI, as visual biofeedback, could enhance the ability of activation and continuous contraction of the trunk muscles including LM and TrA.Methods: Forty healthy individuals were included and randomly assigned into the experimental group and control group. All subjects performed a preferential activation of the LM and/or TrA (maintained the constraction of LM and/or TrA for 30 seconds and then relaxed for two minutes), while those in the experimental group also received visual feedback provided by RUSI. The thickness of LM and/or TrA at rest and during contraction (Tc-max, T15s, and T30s) were extracted and recorded. The experiment was repeated three times.Results: No significant differences were found in the thickness of LM at rest (P > 0.999), Tc-max (P > 0.999), and T15s (P = 0.414) between the two groups. However, the ability to recruit LM muscle contraction differed between groups at T30s (P = 0.006), with subjects in the experimental group that received visual ultrasound biofeedback maintaining a relative maximum contraction. Besides, no significant differences were found in the TrA muscle thickness at rest (P > 0.999) and Tc-max (P > 0.999) between the two groups. However, significant differences of contraction thickness were found at T15s (P = 0.031) and T30s (P = 0.010) between the two groups during the Abdominal Drawing-in Maneuver (ADIM), with greater TrA muscle contraction thickness in the experimental group.Conclusions: RUSI can be used to provide visual biofeedback, which can promote continuous contraction, and improve the ability to activate the LM and TrA muscles in healthy subjects.

scholarly journals Real-Time Sound and Motion Feedback for Violin Bow Technique Learning: A Controlled, Randomized Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angel David Blanco ◽  
Simone Tassani ◽  
Rafael Ramirez
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Motion Capture ◽  
Sound Quality ◽  
Musical Instrument ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Practice Session ◽  
Quality Feedback ◽  
Bow Technique ◽  
Experimental Group

The production of good sound generation in the violin is a complex task that requires coordination and spatiotemporal control of bowing gestures. The use of motion-capture technologies to improve performance or reduce injury risks in the area of kinesiology is becoming widespread. The combination of motion accuracy and sound quality feedback has the potential of becoming an important aid in violin learning. In this study, we evaluate motion-capture and sound-quality analysis technologies developed inside the context of the TELMI, a technology-enhanced music learning project. We analyzed the sound and bow motion of 50 participants with no prior violin experience while learning to produce a stable sound in the violin. Participants were divided into two groups: the experimental group (N = 24) received real-time visual feedback both on kinematics and sound quality, while participants in the control group (N = 26) practiced without any type of external help. An additional third group of violin experts performed the same task for comparative purposes (N = 15). After the practice session, all groups were evaluated in a transfer phase without feedback. At the practice phase, the experimental group improved their bowing kinematics in comparison to the control group, but this was at the expense of impairing the sound quality of their performance. At the retention phase, the experimental group showed better results in sound quality, especially concerning control of sound dynamics. Besides, we found that the expert group improved the stability of their sound while using the technology. All in all, these results emphasize the importance of feedback technologies in learning complex tasks, such as musical instrument learning.

scholarly journals The Effects of External Motivation and Real-Time Automated Feedback on Speeding Behavior in a Naturalistic Setting

2012 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 218-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian J. Reagan ◽  
James P. Bliss ◽  
Ron Van Houten ◽  
Bryan W. Hilton
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Feedback System ◽  
The United States ◽  
Baseline Period ◽  
Monetary Incentive ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Incentive System ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Alerting System

Objective: In this field experiment, the authors tested an alerting system and a monetary incentive system with the objective of reducing speeding more than 5 mph faster than the posted speed limit. Background: Speeding is a factor in a significant number of traffic fatalities. The systems tested in this project have been evaluated outside but not within the United States. These studies indicated that similar systems led to reductions in speeding. Method: For this study, eight vehicles were instrumented such that vehicle speed and speed limits were linked in real time. A total of 50 participants drove assigned vehicles for 4 weeks. Week 1 was a baseline period; during Week 2 or Week 3, 40 participants experienced the alerting system that issued auditory and visual advisory signals when drivers exceeded the limit by 5 mph or more. Of these 40 individuals, 20 experienced the monetary incentive system during Weeks 2 and 3; Week 4 was a return-to-baseline period. A control group of 10 drivers experienced neither system during the study. Results: Results indicated that the incentive system resulted in significant reductions in driving faster than the posted limit, and the feedback system led to modest changes in speeding. In the condition in which drivers experienced the feedback and incentive, reductions in speeding were similar to those found during the incentive-only condition. Conclusion: The technology tested in this study has potential to benefit traffic safety by reducing the incidence of driving faster than the posted limit, which should lead to a reduction in speed-related crashes. Application: Insurers provide incentive-based discounts on premiums. Combining this technology with such a discount program may improve traffic safety significantly.

scholarly journals Effect of real-time ultrasound imaging for biofeedback on trunk muscle contraction in healthy subjects: a preliminary study

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanshan Lin ◽  
Bo Zhu ◽  
Yiyi Zheng ◽  
Guozhi Huang ◽  
Qi Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Contraction ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Ultrasound Imaging ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Transversus Abdominis ◽  
Trunk Muscles ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Visual Biofeedback ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Experimental Group

Abstract Background Real-time ultrasound imaging (RUSI) has been increasingly used as a form of biofeedback when instructing and re-training muscle contraction. However, the effectiveness of the RUSI on a single sustained contraction of the lumbar multifidus (LM) and transversus abdominis (TrA) has rarely been reported. This preliminary study aimed to determine if the use of RUSI, as visual biofeedback, could enhance the ability of activation and continuous contraction of the trunk muscles including LM and TrA. Methods Forty healthy individuals were included and randomly assigned into the experimental group and control group. All subjects performed a preferential activation of the LM and/or TrA (maintained the constraction of LM and/or TrA for 30 s and then relaxed for 2 min), while those in the experimental group also received visual feedback provided by RUSI. The thickness of LM and/or TrA at rest and during contraction (Tc-max, T15s, and T30s) were extracted and recorded. The experiment was repeated three times. Results No significant differences were found in the thickness of LM at rest (P > 0.999), Tc-max (P > 0.999), and T15s (P = 0.414) between the two groups. However, the ability to recruit LM muscle contraction differed between groups at T30s (P = 0.006), with subjects in the experimental group that received visual ultrasound biofeedback maintaining a relative maximum contraction. Besides, no significant differences were found in the TrA muscle thickness at rest (P > 0.999) and Tc-max (P > 0.999) between the two groups. However, significant differences of contraction thickness were found at T15s (P = 0.031) and T30s (P = 0.010) between the two groups during the Abdominal Drawing-in Maneuver (ADIM), with greater TrA muscle contraction thickness in the experimental group. Conclusions RUSI can be used to provide visual biofeedback, which can promote continuous contraction, and improve the ability to activate the LM and TrA muscles in healthy subjects.

Development and Evaluation of the Real-time Consultation Messenger Service 'Child Vaccination Chatbot' in the Face of the COVID-19 Pandemic (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meihua ­Piao ◽  
Yeong Joo Hong
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Behavioral Intention ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Vaccination Schedule ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Raising Children ◽  
Vaccination Rates ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Child Vaccination

BACKGROUND The decrease in children’s vaccination rates resulted in outbreaks of vaccine-preventable diseases. Child vaccine hesitancy can occur due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic as we are going through a time of uncertainty. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the efficacy of the “Child Vaccination Friend Chatbot” based on changes in the measurements of vaccination information, motivation, self-efficacy, and vaccination behavioral intention variables. METHODS From 30th Jan. 2020 to 15th Feb. 2020, a total of 65 people participated in the trial through online recruitment. The participants of this study were parents who were raising children from 0 to 35 months old and those whose children expected to be vaccinated within three months. Participants were randomly assigned to the experimental group (N=34) and the control group (N=31). During the 12 weeks of the research, the participants were provided with vaccination schedule reminder alarms, a real-time consultation messenger service, information about vaccinations, and motivation boosters. Also, vaccination information, motivation, self-efficacy, and vaccination behavioral intention variables were measured every four weeks. RESULTS The experimental group that used the chatbot scored higher for vaccination information, motivation, self-efficacy, and vaccination behavioral intention than the control group. Based on the results, it is assumed that the child vaccination chatbot provided useful and prompt information to parents raising children who needed to be vaccinated. The child vaccination chatbot increased vaccination motivation, self-efficacy, and vaccination rates by providing necessary information to parents. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence that chatbot can be used as a tool to promote immunization through the provision of reminders and real-time consultation messenger service during the global crisis.

Identification and management of dysfunctional breathing in primary care

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (12) ◽  
pp. 474-479
Author(s):  
Heather Henry ◽  
Charlotte Wells
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
General Practice ◽  
Cardiac Disease ◽  
Breathing Pattern ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Breathing Patterns ◽  
Front Line ◽  
Practice Nurses ◽  
Dysfunctional Breathing

Dysfunctional breathing can lead to a range of symptoms that can be confused with neurological, respiratory and cardiac disease. Heather Henry and Charlotte Wells give an overview of the signs, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of this condition General practice nurses (GPNs) are often on the front-line of respiratory assessment. Dysfunctional breathing (often termed breathing pattern disorder) is a term that relates to changes in breathing patterns. Since dysfunctional breathing can be confused with neurological, respiratory and cardiac disease, this article will help GPNs to understand the signs, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment.

scholarly journals Breathing retraining with chest wall mobilization improves respiratory reserve and decreases hyperactivity of accessory breathing muscles during respiratory excursions: A randomized controlled trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monticha Sakuna ◽  
Keerin Mekhora ◽  
Wattana Jalajondeja ◽  
Chutima Jalajondeja
Keyword(s):  
Neck Pain ◽  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Chest Wall ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Chronic Neck Pain ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chest Expansion ◽  
Upper Trapezius ◽  
Breathing Retraining

Purpose: The aim of this paper was to evaluate the effects of breathing retraining with chest wall mobilization on the onset of accessory breathing muscle recruitment and respiratory reserve in individuals with chronic neck pain. Methods: Thirty-two participants with non-specific chronic neck pain were randomly assigned into intervention and control groups. The intervention group received 30 minutes of breathing retraining with chest wall mobilization and the control group was assigned to rest for 30 minutes. Electromyography (EMG) of upper trapezius (UT), scalene (SC), and sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscles were recorded during respiratory excursions by cycling for 12 minutes. Measurement of maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV), chest expansion, and pain intensity were taken during normal breathing. The immediate effects within each group and between two groups were analyzed. Results: Significant improvement in respiratory reserve was observed in the intervention group compared to control group through prolonged EMG onset of accessory breathing muscles. Moreover, increase of MVV, chest expansion and decrease in pain intensity were observed. Conclusions: This research suggests that breathing patterns and chest expansion should be considered within the physical assessment of breathing retraining, and that chest wall mobilization offers clinically important improvements in patients with chronic neck pain.

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