scholarly journals Energy Recovery of Multiple Charge Sharing Events in Room Temperature Semiconductor Pixel Detectors

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 3669
Author(s):  
Antonino Buttacavoli ◽  
Gaetano Gerardi ◽  
Fabio Principato ◽  
Marcello Mirabello ◽  
Donato Cascio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Photon Counting ◽  
Counting Efficiency ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Charge Sharing ◽  
Absorption Energy ◽  
Pixel Detectors ◽  
X Ray Imaging ◽  
Radiation Sources

Multiple coincidence events from charge-sharing and fluorescent cross-talk are typical drawbacks in room-temperature semiconductor pixel detectors. The mitigation of these distortions in the measured energy spectra, using charge-sharing discrimination (CSD) and charge-sharing addition (CSA) techniques, is always a trade-off between counting efficiency and energy resolution. The energy recovery of multiple coincidence events is still challenging due to the presence of charge losses after CSA. In this work, we will present original techniques able to correct charge losses after CSA even when multiple pixels are involved. Sub-millimeter cadmium–zinc–telluride (CdZnTe or CZT) pixel detectors were investigated with both uncollimated radiation sources and collimated synchrotron X rays, at energies below and above the K-shell absorption energy of the CZT material. These activities are in the framework of an international collaboration on the development of energy-resolved photon counting (ERPC) systems for spectroscopic X-ray imaging up to 150 keV.

scholarly journals Measurement of synchrotron-radiation-excited Kossel patterns

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 214-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Bortel ◽  
G. Faigel ◽  
M. Tegze ◽  
A. Chumakov
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Structural Information ◽  
Photon Counting ◽  
Spot Size ◽  
Low Noise ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Technical Problems ◽  
Pixel Detectors ◽  
Exciting Beam

Kossel line patterns contain information on the crystalline structure, such as the magnitude and the phase of Bragg reflections. For technical reasons, most of these patterns are obtained using electron beam excitation, which leads to surface sensitivity that limits the spatial extent of the structural information. To obtain the atomic structure in bulk volumes, X-rays should be used as the excitation radiation. However, there are technical problems, such as the need for high resolution, low noise, large dynamic range, photon counting, two-dimensional pixel detectors and the small spot size of the exciting beam, which have prevented the widespread use of Kossel pattern analysis. Here, an experimental setup is described, which can be used for the measurement of Kossel patterns in a reasonable time and with high resolution to recover structural information.

Room-temperature X-ray response of cadmium–zinc–telluride pixel detectors grown by the vertical Bridgman technique

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Abbene ◽  
Fabio Principato ◽  
Gaetano Gerardi ◽  
Antonino Buttacavoli ◽  
Donato Cascio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Cadmium Zinc Telluride ◽  
Photon Counting ◽  
Zinc Telluride ◽  
High Rate ◽  
High Flux ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Pixel Detectors ◽  
Vertical Bridgman ◽  
Cadmium Zinc

In this work, the spectroscopic performances of new cadmium–zinc–telluride (CZT) pixel detectors recently developed at IMEM-CNR of Parma (Italy) are presented. Sub-millimetre arrays with pixel pitch less than 500 µm, based on boron oxide encapsulated vertical Bridgman grown CZT crystals, were fabricated. Excellent room-temperature performance characterizes the detectors even at high-bias-voltage operation (9000 V cm−1), with energy resolutions (FWHM) of 4% (0.9 keV), 1.7% (1 keV) and 1.3% (1.6 keV) at 22.1, 59.5 and 122.1 keV, respectively. Charge-sharing investigations were performed with both uncollimated and collimated synchrotron X-ray beams with particular attention to the mitigation of the charge losses at the inter-pixel gap region. High-rate measurements demonstrated the absence of high-flux radiation-induced polarization phenomena up to 2 × 106 photons mm−2 s−1. These activities are in the framework of an international collaboration on the development of energy-resolved photon-counting systems for high-flux energy-resolved X-ray imaging.

scholarly journals Single photon counting X-ray imaging with Si and CdTe single chip pixel detectors and multichip pixel modules

2004 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 1717-1723 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Locker ◽  
P. Fischer ◽  
S. Krimmel ◽  
H. Kruger ◽  
M. Lindner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Counting ◽  
Single Chip ◽  
Single Photon Counting ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Pixel Detectors ◽  
X Ray Imaging

scholarly journals Pixel detectors for diffraction-limited storage rings

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1006-1010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Denes ◽  
Bernd Schmitt
Keyword(s):  
Synchrotron Radiation ◽  
Storage Ring ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Storage Rings ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Current State ◽  
Pixel Detectors ◽  
Radiation Sources

Dramatic advances in synchrotron radiation sources produce ever-brighter beams of X-rays, but those advances can only be used if there is a corresponding improvement in X-ray detectors. With the advent of storage ring sources capable of being diffraction-limited (down to a certain wavelength), advances in detector speed, dynamic range and functionality is required. While many of these improvements in detector capabilities are being pursued now, the orders-of-magnitude increases in brightness of diffraction-limited storage ring sources will require challenging non-incremental advances in detectors. This article summarizes the current state of the art, developments underway worldwide, and challenges that diffraction-limited storage ring sources present for detectors.

Photon counting x-ray imaging withK-edge filtered x-rays: A simulation study

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 1385-1400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haluk Atak ◽  
Polad M. Shikhaliev
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Study ◽  
Photon Counting ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Imaging

Detective quantum efficiency for photon-counting hybrid pixel detectors in the tender X-ray domain: application to Medipix3RX

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 206-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Rinkel ◽  
Debora Magalhães ◽  
Franz Wagner ◽  
Florian Meneau ◽  
Flavio Cesar Vicentin
Keyword(s):  
Energy Range ◽  
Quantum Efficiency ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Photon Counting ◽  
Absorption Efficiency ◽  
Detective Quantum Efficiency ◽  
Electronic Noise ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Pixel Detectors

Synchrotron-radiation-based X-ray imaging techniques using tender X-rays are facing a growing demand, in particular to probe theKabsorption edges of low-Zelements. Here, a mathematical model has been developed for estimating the detective quantum efficiency (DQE) at zero spatial frequency in the tender X-ray energy range for photon-counting detectors by taking into account the influence of electronic noise. The experiments were carried out with a Medipix3RX ASIC bump-bonded to a 300 µm silicon sensor at the Soft X-ray Spectroscopy beamline (D04A-SXS) of the Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS, Campinas, Brazil). The results show that Medipix3RX can be used to develop new imaging modalities in the tender X-ray range for energies down to 2 keV. The efficiency and optimal DQE depend on the energy and flux of the photons. The optimal DQE values were found in the 7.9–8.6 keV photon energy range. The DQE deterioration for higher energies due to the lower absorption efficiency of the sensor and for lower energies due to the electronic noise has been quantified. The DQE for 3 keV photons and 1 × 104 photons pixel−1s−1is similar to that obtained with 19 keV photons. Based on our model, the use of Medipix3RX could be extended down to 2 keV which is crucial for coming applications in imaging techniques at modern synchrotron sources.

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