scholarly journals Study of the Efficiency of Fog Computing in an Optimized LoRaWAN Cloud Architecture

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 3159
Author(s):  
Jakub Jalowiczor ◽  
Jan Rozhon ◽  
Miroslav Voznak
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Communication Architecture ◽  
Computing Paradigm ◽  
Data Volume ◽  
Distance Communication ◽  
Iot Devices

The technologies of the Internet of Things (IoT) have an increasing influence on our daily lives. The expansion of the IoT is associated with the growing number of IoT devices that are connected to the Internet. As the number of connected devices grows, the demand for speed and data volume is also greater. While most IoT network technologies use cloud computing, this solution becomes inefficient for some use-cases. For example, suppose that a company that uses an IoT network with several sensors to collect data within a production hall. The company may require sharing only selected data to the public cloud and responding faster to specific events. In the case of a large amount of data, the off-loading techniques can be utilized to reach higher efficiency. Meeting these requirements is difficult or impossible for solutions adopting cloud computing. The fog computing paradigm addresses these cases by providing data processing closer to end devices. This paper proposes three possible network architectures that adopt fog computing for LoRaWAN because LoRaWAN is already deployed in many locations and offers long-distance communication with low-power consumption. The architecture proposals are further compared in simulations to select the optimal form in terms of total service time. The resulting optimal communication architecture could be deployed to the existing LoRaWAN with minimal cost and effort of the network operator.

Fog Computing Application Deployment and Management

2019 ◽  
pp. 68-83
Author(s):  
Ranjitha G. ◽  
Pankaj Lathar ◽  
G. M. Siddesh
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Access Points ◽  
Computing Paradigm ◽  
Application Deployment ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
The Internet Of Things

Fog computing enhances cloud computing to be closer to the processes that act on IOT devices. Fogging was introduced to overcome the cloud computing paradigm which was not able to address some services, applications, and other limitations of cloud computing such as security aspects, bandwidth, and latency. Fog computing provides the direct correlation with the internet of things. IBM and CISCO are linking their concepts of internet of things with the help of fog computing. Application services are hosted on the network edge. It improves the efficiency and reduces the amount of data that is transferred to the cloud for analysis, storage, and processing. Developers write the fog application and deploy it to the access points. Several applications like smart cities, healthcare domain, pre-processing, and caching applications have to be deployed and managed properly.

From Cloud Computing to Fog Computing

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjay P. Ahuja ◽  
Niharika Deval
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
End Users ◽  
Internet Technology ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Computing Paradigm ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Communication Control

This article describes how in recent years, Cloud Computing has emerged as a fundamental computing paradigm that has significantly changed the approach of enterprises as well as end users towards implementation of Internet technology. The key characteristics such as on-demand resource provision, scalability, rapid elasticity, higher flexibility, and significant cost savings have influenced enterprises of all sizes in the wide and successful adoption of Cloud Computing. Despite numerous advantages, Cloud Computing has its fair share of downsides as well. One of those major concerns is latency issues which has relevance to the Internet of Things (IoT). A new computing paradigm has been proposed by Cisco in early 2014 and termed 'Fog Computing'. Fog Computing otherwise known as Edge Computing is the integration of Cloud Computing and IoT. Being located in close proximity to the IoT devices, the Fog assists with latency requirements of IoT related applications. It also meets the data processing needs of IoT devices which are resource constrained by bringing computation, communication, control and storage closer to the end users. Clouds continue to offer support for data analytics. One can think of the IoT-Fog-Cloud as being part of a continuum. This article surveys the current literature on Fog Computing and provides a discussion on the background, details and architecture of Fog Computing, as well as the application areas of Fog Computing. The article concludes with some recommendations in the areas of future research.

From Cloud Computing to Fog Computing

2021 ◽  
pp. 999-1010
Author(s):  
Sanjay P. Ahuja ◽  
Niharika Deval
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
End Users ◽  
Internet Technology ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Computing Paradigm ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Communication Control

This article describes how in recent years, Cloud Computing has emerged as a fundamental computing paradigm that has significantly changed the approach of enterprises as well as end users towards implementation of Internet technology. The key characteristics such as on-demand resource provision, scalability, rapid elasticity, higher flexibility, and significant cost savings have influenced enterprises of all sizes in the wide and successful adoption of Cloud Computing. Despite numerous advantages, Cloud Computing has its fair share of downsides as well. One of those major concerns is latency issues which has relevance to the Internet of Things (IoT). A new computing paradigm has been proposed by Cisco in early 2014 and termed 'Fog Computing'. Fog Computing otherwise known as Edge Computing is the integration of Cloud Computing and IoT. Being located in close proximity to the IoT devices, the Fog assists with latency requirements of IoT related applications. It also meets the data processing needs of IoT devices which are resource constrained by bringing computation, communication, control and storage closer to the end users. Clouds continue to offer support for data analytics. One can think of the IoT-Fog-Cloud as being part of a continuum. This article surveys the current literature on Fog Computing and provides a discussion on the background, details and architecture of Fog Computing, as well as the application areas of Fog Computing. The article concludes with some recommendations in the areas of future research.

scholarly journals Efficient Resource Allocation for Time-Sensitive IoT Applications in Cloud and Fog Environments

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 2356-2363
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
Autonomous Driving ◽  
Computing System ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Iot Applications ◽  
Efficient Resource ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Simulation And Evaluation

Nowadays, with the quick development of internet and cloud technologies, a big number of physical objects are linked to the Internet and every day, more objects are connected to the Internet. It provides great benefits that lead to a significant improvement in the quality of our daily life. Examples include: Smart City, Smart Homes, Autonomous Driving Cars or Airplanes and Health Monitoring Systems. On the other hand, Cloud Computing provides to the IoT systems a series of services such as data computing, processing or storage, analysis and securing. It is estimated that by the year 2025, approximately trillion IoT devices will be used. As a result, a huge amount of data is going to be generated. In addition, in order to efficiently and accurately work, there are situations where IoT applications (such as Self Driving, Health Monitoring, etc.) require quick responses. In this context, the traditional Cloud Computing systems will have difficulties in handling and providing services. To balance this scenario and to overcome the drawbacks of cloud computing, a new computing model called fog computing has proposed. In this paper, a comparison between fog computing and cloud computing paradigms were performed. The scheduling task for an IoT application in a cloud-fog computing system was considered. For the simulation and evaluation purposes, the CloudAnalyst simulation toolkit was used. The obtained numerical results showed the fog computing achieves better performance and works more efficient than Cloud computing. It also reduced the response time, processing time ,and cost of transfer data to the cloud.

Integrated Fog and Cloud Computing Issues and Challenges

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 174-193
Author(s):  
Shivom Sharma ◽  
Mohammad Sajid
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
Low Latency ◽  
Traffic Lights ◽  
Computing Paradigm ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Smart Traffic ◽  
Smart Computing ◽  
Cloud Resources

Due to the exponential growth in the number of internet-of-things (IoT) devices like smartphones and smart traffic lights, the data generated by the devices and the service requirements are increasing. The biggest issue in accessing the cloud computing is that all processing is done on cloud resources. For cloud-based services, it is utmost required to send all data to cloud resources which leads to many issues and challenges. The important issues are large volume of data, low latency rate, low bandwidth. In order to resolve such issues, there is an essential need of a smart computing paradigm which works as a moderator between cloud computing and IoT devices to improve the performances of the services, maximizing utilization of computing resources, storage. This work presents an overview and description of fog computing in the context of cloud computing and internet of things (IoT) and also sheds light on the key differences between cloud computing and fog computing. This work also presents various issues and challenges in the context of fog computing with its various applications.

Fog Computing

Fog Computing ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 198-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chintan M. Bhatt ◽  
C. K. Bhensdadia
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Research Issues ◽  
Computing Paradigm ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
Edge Network ◽  
The Internet Of Things

The Internet of Things could be a recent computing paradigm, defined by networks of extremely connected things – sensors, actuators and good objects – communication across networks of homes, buildings, vehicles, and even individuals whereas cloud computing could be ready to keep up with current processing and machine demands. Fog computing provides architectural resolution to deal with some of these issues by providing a layer of intermediate nodes what's referred to as an edge network [26]. These edge nodes provide interoperability, real-time interaction, and if necessary, computational to the Cloud. This paper tries to analyse different fog computing functionalities, tools and technologies and research issues.

scholarly journals A Study on Data Security In Fog Computing

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.19) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
P S.Apirajitha
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Data Security ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Computing Power ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
The Cost

During the years, Cloud Computing is a popular paradigm which provide access to configurable resources on devices at any time,with on demand. Cloud Computing provides many benefits to enterprises by reducing the cost and allowing them to concentrate on their core business. Apart from this , the Development of Internet of Things came into existence, where the cloud divulge a long distance between users and its environment. Cloud Computing is also referred as heavy computing and dense form of computing power. In Spite of this  a new computing has been proposed called Fog Computing also known as Fogging, which overcomes the problem of cloud. Fog computing which majority supports the concepts of Internet of Things(IoT), where many  IoT devices are used by users on daily basis which are connected to each other. Fog Computing is also an extended version of cloud computing.  

Fog Computing and Its Challenges

2019 ◽  
pp. 36-52
Author(s):  
Vighnesh Srinivasa Balaji
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
Service Level ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Computing Paradigm ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Time Latency ◽  
Iot Devices

In recent times, the number of internet of things (IoT) devices/sensors increased tremendously. To support the computational demand of real-time latency-sensitive applications of largely geo-distributed IoT devices/sensors, a new computing paradigm named fog computing has been introduced. In this chapter, the authors will introduce fog computing, its difference in comparison to cloud computing, and issues related to fog. Among the three issues (i.e. service, structural, and security issues), this chapter scrutinizes and comprehensively discusses the service and structural issues also providing the service level objectives of the fog. They next provide various algorithms for computing in fog, the challenges faced, and future research directions. Among the various uses of fog, two scenarios are put to use.

scholarly journals A Study of Moving from Cloud Computing to Fog Computing

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-70
Author(s):  
Hindreen Rashid Abdulqadir ◽  
Subhi R. M. Zeebaree ◽  
Hanan M. Shukur ◽  
Mohammed Mohammed Sadeeq ◽  
Baraa Wasfi Salim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Cloud Storage ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Limited Capacity ◽  
Network Failure ◽  
Computing Paradigm ◽  
Processing And Storage ◽  
And Storage ◽  
The Internet Of Things

The exponential growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) technology poses various challenges to the classic centralized cloud computing paradigm, including high latency, limited capacity, and network failure. Cloud computing and Fog computing carry the cloud closer to IoT computers in order to overcome these problems. Cloud and Fog provide IoT processing and storage of IoT items locally instead of sending them to the cloud. Cloud and Fog provide quicker reactions and better efficiency in conjunction with the cloud. Cloud and fog computing should also be viewed as the safest approach to ensure that IoT delivers reliable and stable resources to multiple IoT customers. This article discusses the latest in cloud and Fog computing and their convergence with IoT by stressing deployment's advantages and complexities. It also concentrates on cloud and Fog design and new IoT technologies, enhanced by utilizing the cloud and Fog model. Finally, transparent topics are addressed, along with potential testing recommendations for cloud storage and Fog computing, and IoT.

scholarly journals Remote Pain Monitoring Using Fog Computing for e-Healthcare: An Efficient Architecture

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (22) ◽  
pp. 6574
Author(s):  
Syed Rizwan Hassan ◽  
Ishtiaq Ahmad ◽  
Shafiq Ahmad ◽  
Abdullah Alfaify ◽  
Muhammad Shafiq
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Healthcare Applications ◽  
Computing Architecture ◽  
Computing Paradigm ◽  
Smart Healthcare ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Iot Devices

The integration of medical signal processing capabilities and advanced sensors into Internet of Things (IoT) devices plays a key role in providing comfort and convenience to human lives. As the number of patients is increasing gradually, providing healthcare facilities to each patient, particularly to the patients located in remote regions, not only has become challenging but also results in several issues, such as: (i) increase in workload on paramedics, (ii) wastage of time, and (iii) accommodation of patients. Therefore, the design of smart healthcare systems has become an important area of research to overcome these above-mentioned issues. Several healthcare applications have been designed using wireless sensor networks (WSNs), cloud computing, and fog computing. Most of the e-healthcare applications are designed using the cloud computing paradigm. Cloud-based architecture introduces high latency while processing huge amounts of data, thus restricting the large-scale implementation of latency-sensitive e-healthcare applications. Fog computing architecture offers processing and storage resources near to the edge of the network, thus, designing e-healthcare applications using the fog computing paradigm is of interest to meet the low latency requirement of such applications. Patients that are minors or are in intensive care units (ICUs) are unable to self-report their pain conditions. The remote healthcare monitoring applications deploy IoT devices with bio-sensors capable of sensing surface electromyogram (sEMG) and electrocardiogram (ECG) signals to monitor the pain condition of such patients. In this article, fog computing architecture is proposed for deploying a remote pain monitoring system. The key motivation for adopting the fog paradigm in our proposed approach is to reduce latency and network consumption. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in minimizing delay and network utilization, simulations were carried out in iFogSim and the results were compared with the cloud-based systems. The results of the simulations carried out in this research indicate that a reduction in both latency and network consumption can be achieved by adopting the proposed approach for implementing a remote pain monitoring system.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document