scholarly journals Cellular and Virtualization Technologies for UAVs: An Experimental Perspective

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 3093
Author(s):  
Victor Sanchez-Aguero ◽  
Luis F. Gonzalez ◽  
Francisco Valera ◽  
Ivan Vidal ◽  
Rafael A. López da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Management ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Unmanned Aircraft ◽  
Communication Performance ◽  
Flight Operations ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Aircraft System ◽  
Professional Fields ◽  
Proper Operation

The Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) ecosystem is exponentially growing in both recreational and professional fields to provide novel services and applications to consumers from multiple engineering fields. However, this technology has only scraped the surface of its potential, especially in those cases that require fast reaction times. Accordingly, the UAS Traffic Management (UTM) project aims at efficiently managing the air traffic for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) operations, including those cases where UAVs might be remotely managed from a completely different geographical location. With these considerations in mind, this article presents a cellular-assisted UAVs testbed used to complete a mission managed beyond the radio line-of-sight (BRLoS), as well as introducing a virtualization platform for deploying services using containerization technology. In addition, the article conducts a communication performance evaluation in order to determine if the testbed equipment meets the requirements to carry out this BRLoS management. Finally, indoor flight operations are carried out to demonstrate the feasibility and proper operation of the testbed.

scholarly journals Airspace Geofencing and Flight Planning for Low-Altitude, Urban, Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 576
Author(s):  
Joseph Kim ◽  
Ella Atkins
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Path Planning ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Unmanned Aircraft ◽  
User Input ◽  
Flight Operations ◽  
Low Altitude ◽  
Aircraft System ◽  
Map Data

Airspace geofencing is a key capability for low-altitude Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) Traffic Management (UTM). Geofenced airspace volumes can be allocated to safely contain compatible UAS flight operations within a fly-zone (keep-in geofence) and ensure the avoidance of no-fly zones (keep-out geofences). This paper presents the application of three-dimensional flight volumization algorithms to support airspace geofence management for UTM. Layered polygon geofence volumes enclose user-input waypoint-based 3-D flight trajectories, and a family of flight trajectory solutions designed to avoid keep-out geofence volumes is proposed using computational geometry. Geofencing and path planning solutions are analyzed in an accurately mapped urban environment. Urban map data processing algorithms are presented. Monte Carlo simulations statistically validate our algorithms, and runtime statistics are tabulated. Benchmark evaluation results in a Manhattan, New York City low-altitude environment compare our geofenced dynamic path planning solutions against a fixed airway corridor design. A case study with UAS route deconfliction is presented, illustrating how the proposed geofencing pipeline supports multi-vehicle deconfliction. This paper contributes to the nascent theory and the practice of dynamic airspace geofencing in support of UTM.

scholarly journals Unmanned Free Balloon Flight’s Integration into Unmanned Aircraft System Traffic Management

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 321-334
Author(s):  
Norbert Hegyi ◽  
János Jósvai
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
Unmanned Aircraft ◽  
Unmanned Aircraft System ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Aircraft System

This paper describes and inspects unmanned aerial vehicle, unmanned aircraft system, unmanned aircraft system traffic management, light and medium unmanned free balloons. It presents future safety developments and goals of the European Union’s own airspace, but also the Hungarian free route airspace. The development and realization of Swiss U-Space is discussed. Hungarian flights statistics are analyzed. Based on statistics, realized and under development solutions there are recommendations in the paper for the integration of the flight tacking for the mentioned balloons. A real flight tracking test has been done and it is shown in this paper. Its properties are analyzed with conclusions for possible usage.

scholarly journals ADS-B Like UTM Surveillance Using APRS Infrastructure

Aerospace ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying-Hong Lin ◽  
Chin E. Lin ◽  
Hsu-Chan Chen
Keyword(s):  
System Integration ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
Unmanned Aircraft ◽  
Functional Capability ◽  
Flight Data ◽  
Position Data ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Specific Frequency ◽  
Aircraft System ◽  
Six Degree Of Freedom

Automatic packet reporting system (APRS) is selected as a candidate for automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast (ADS-B) like solution for unmanned aircraft system traffic management (UTM). The APRS on-board unit (OBU) at 0.5 W radio power and a proper ground transceiver station (GTS) deployment together makes up the infrastructure for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) surveillance. The airborne APRS OBU, designed and built using an available LightAPRS module, and the GTS to relay received data into the UTM Cloud is developed in this study. By system integration, the APRS OBU reports position data and flight data periodically to UTM Cloud. This paper presents the development of the ADS-B like operation for UTM using APRS. To avoid communication jamming by HAMs, the adopted APRS shifts its carrying frequency from 144.64 MHz to 144.61 MHz. In addition, the data period is tuned to around 10 s to test its functional capability. The APRS OBU downlinks 90 bytes of surveillance data onto the UTM cloud using the Internet, including position and flight data from Pixhawk flight controller (FC). A series of system performance verifications are conducted to examine APRS ADS-B like reliability and continuity with coverage limit. Through 19 flight tests, the GTS collected 1330 packets of data out of 1331 transmitted from the APRS OBU. Each data packet has the complete 90 bytes for surveillance with position and six degree-of-freedom (DoF) flight data on the UTM cloud. The APRS GTS deployment, with a low rate of missing data, covers a 40 km radius at the specific frequency of 144.61 MHz. The test results verify the functional capability of APRS to support an ADS-B like for UTM in Taiwan.

scholarly journals PID Control System on Brushless DC Motor for Quadcopter Balance

Jurnal INFORM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-114
Author(s):  
Mochamad Mobed Bachtiar ◽  
Fernando Ardilla ◽  
Muhammad Faiz Hasbi ◽  
Iwan Kurnianto Wibowo
Keyword(s):  
Pid Control ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Dc Motor ◽  
Unmanned Aircraft ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Brushless Dc Motor ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Brushless Dc ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Aircraft System

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) is an unmanned aircraft system that is no longer a special need but has become a general need for the community, and one example is used to capture everyday moments through photos or videos from the air. Among the models of UAV aircraft is the quadcopter, where there is a flight controller that functions to fly the quadcopter by adjusting the speed of each motor. The flight controller that is often used today is the Pixhawk manufacturer. The Pixhawk module is an integrated system that the factory has provided, so it cannot be modified in terms of control and I/O. This research focuses on making an independent flight controller that can be used to fly a quadcopter. The control method that is implanted is Proportional Integral Derivative or commonly known as PID. The flight controller uses the PID control method to adjust each Brushless DC Motor (BLDC) speed to maintain stability while flying. From the test results, the quadcopter can fly stably with KP parameters of 2.5, KI of 0.6, and KD of 1.0. The response time in processing feedback is 3s.

scholarly journals Risk Assessment for UAS Logistic Delivery under UAS Traffic Management Environment

Aerospace ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 140
Author(s):  
Pei-Chi Shao
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
Unmanned Aircraft ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Delivery Services ◽  
Technical Capability ◽  
Aircraft System ◽  
Capability Level

Resulting from a mature accomplishment of the unmanned aircraft system (UAS), it is feasible to be adopted into logistic delivery services. The supporting technologies should be identified and examined, accompanying with the risk assessment. This paper surveys the risk assessment studies for UAVs. The expected level of safety (ELS) analysis is a key factor to safety concerns. By introducing the UTM infrastructure, the UAS implementation can be monitored. From the NASA technical capability level (TCL), UAV in beyond visual line of sight (BVLOS) flights would need certain verifications. Two UAS logistic delivery case studies are tested to assert the UAS services. To examine the ELS to ground risk and air risk, the case studies result in acceptable data to support the UAS logistic delivery with adequate path planning in the remote and suburban areas in Taiwan.

scholarly journals Challenges Caused by the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle in the Air Traffic Management

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zsolt Sándor
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
Unmanned Vehicles ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
Operational Environment ◽  
Flight Operations ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Operational Issues

The increasing number of unmanned aerial vehicle poses new challenges in the aviation industry especially the air traffic control, which is responsible for the safe flight operations in the controlled airspaces. In order to protect the conventional aircraft a new operation environment has to be created, which guarantee the safe flying and the possibility of the fulfilment of the flight. In the article drone related safety and operational problems are highlighted. All issue connected to the coexistence of manned and unmanned aircrafts are critical, thus their management have significant importance.Spread and wide use of unmanned aerial vehicle traffic management systems (UTM) can manage the critical operational issues, but is has to be defined that what is the problem, what is the scope, what is the operational environment. Services and functions related to the operation of the UTM system are defined, which are necessary for the safe flying fulfilled by the unmanned vehicles.

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