scholarly journals A Hybrid Visual Tracking Algorithm Based on SOM Network and Correlation Filter

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 2864
Author(s):  
Yuanping Zhang ◽  
Xiumei Huang ◽  
Ming Yang
Keyword(s):  
Target Tracking ◽  
Visual Tracking ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Tracking Algorithm ◽  
Correlation Filter ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Correlation Filters ◽  
Changing Scale

To meet the challenge of video target tracking, based on a self-organization mapping network (SOM) and correlation filter, a long-term visual tracking algorithm is proposed. Objects in different videos or images often have completely different appearance, therefore, the self-organization mapping neural network with the characteristics of signal processing mechanism of human brain neurons is used to perform adaptive and unsupervised features learning. A reliable method of robust target tracking is proposed, based on multiple adaptive correlation filters with a memory function of target appearance at the same time. Filters in our method have different updating strategies and can carry out long-term tracking cooperatively. The first is the displacement filter, a kernelized correlation filter that combines contextual characteristics to precisely locate and track targets. Secondly, the scale filters are used to predict the changing scale of a target. Finally, the memory filter is used to maintain the appearance of the target in long-term memory and judge whether the target has failed to track. If the tracking fails, the incremental learning detector is used to recover the target tracking in the way of sliding window. Several experiments show that our method can effectively solve the tracking problems such as severe occlusion, target loss and scale change, and is superior to the state-of-the-art methods in the aspects of efficiency, accuracy and robustness.

scholarly journals Long-term target tracking combined with re-detection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZengShun Zhao ◽  
Juanjuan Wang ◽  
HaoRan Yang ◽  
Ning Xu ◽  
Chengqin Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Tracking ◽  
Correlation Energy ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Tracking Algorithm ◽  
Correlation Filters ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Tracking Method ◽  
Svm Model ◽  
Confidence Degree

Abstract The long-term visual tracking undergoes more challenges and is closer to realistic applications than short-term tracking. However, most existing methods have not been done and their performances have also been limited. In this work, we present a reliable yet simple long-term tracking method, which extends the state-of-the-art Discriminative Correlation Filters (DCF) tracking algorithm with a re-detection component based on the SVM model. The DCF tracking algorithm localizes the target in each frame and the re-detector is able to efficiently re-detect the target in the whole image when the tracking fails. We further introduce a robust confidence degree evaluation criterion that combines the maximum response criterion and the average peak-to correlation energy (APCE) to judge the confidence level of the predicted target. When the confidence degree is generally high, the SVM is updated accordingly. If the confidence drops sharply, the SVM re-detects the target. We perform extensive experiments on the OTB-2015 dataset, the experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our algorithm in long-term tracking.

Abstract P783: Alpha 7 -Acetylcholine Receptor Signaling Reduces Neuronal Apoptosis After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Stroke ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ari Dienel ◽  
Remya A Veettil ◽  
Kanako Matsumura ◽  
Peeyush Kumar T. ◽  
Spiros Blackburn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Acetylcholine Receptor ◽  
Neuronal Apoptosis ◽  
Neuronal Survival ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Memory Deficits ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Receptor Knockout Mouse

Subarachnoid hemorrhage induces neuronal apoptosis which causes acute and long-term memory deficits. Ourhypothesis is that agonism of α7-acetylcholine receptors attenuates neuronal apoptosis and improves memorydeficits in SAH mice. Mice were randomly assigned into the experimental groups. One cohort was euthanizedone day after SAH to assess neuronal apoptosis and signaling pathways. A second cohort survived for 30 dayspost-SAH to test long-term memory function. Inhibitors and an α7-acetylcholine receptor knockout mouse wereused. Neurobehavioral performance was assessed on days 1-3, 5, 7, and 23-28. All outcomes were performedand all data was analyzed by a blinded investigator. The α7-acetylcholine receptor agonist prevented neuronalapoptosis and improved acute memory deficits caused by SAH via activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway in neurons.Agonism of the α7-acetylcholine receptor was beneficial in both male and female mice, although the protectionin females was significantly better than in male mice. α7-acetylcholine receptor agonism did not provide anybenefit in α7-acetylcholine receptor knockout mice subjected to SAH. Treatment with the α7-acetylcholinereceptor agonist for 3 days after SAH led to improved working memory one month after SAH suggesting thatacutely improving neuronal survival can have long-lasting benefits. The α7-acetylcholine receptor may be atherapeutic target for SAH which can promote neuronal survival acutely after SAH, but also confer long-lastingmemory benefits. The findings of this study support the α7-acetylcholine receptor as a treatment target whichmay attenuate the long-term memory deficits which SAH patients suffer from.

scholarly journals Long-term target tracking combined with re-detection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juanjuan Wang ◽  
HaoRan Yang ◽  
Ning Xu ◽  
Chengqin Wu ◽  
ZengShun Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Energy ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Tracking Algorithm ◽  
Correlation Filters ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Tracking Method ◽  
Tracking Tasks ◽  
Svm Model ◽  
Confidence Degree

Abstract The long-term visual tracking undergoes more challenges and is closer to realistic applications than short-term tracking. However, the performances of most existing methods have been limited in the long-term tracking tasks. In this work, we present a reliable yet simple long-term tracking method, which extends the state-of-the-art Learning Adaptive Discriminative Correlation Filters (LADCF) tracking algorithm with a re-detection component based on the SVM model. The LADCF tracking algorithm localizes the target in each frame and the re-detector is able to efficiently re-detect the target in the whole image when the tracking fails. We further introduce a robust confidence degree evaluation criterion that combines the maximum response criterion and the average peak-to correlation energy (APCE) to judge the confidence level of the predicted target. When the confidence degree is generally high, the SVM is updated accordingly. If the confidence drops sharply, the SVM re-detects the target. We perform extensive experiments on the OTB-2015 and UAV123 datasets. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our algorithm in long-term tracking.

Acute Exercise and Sustained Attention on Memory Function

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 326-332
Author(s):  
Audreaiona Waters ◽  
Liye Zou ◽  
Myungjin Jung ◽  
Qian Yu ◽  
Jingyuan Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Sustained Attention ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Attention Task ◽  
Term Memory

Objective: Sustained attention is critical for various activities of daily living, including engaging in health-enhancing behaviors and inhibition of health compromising behaviors. Sustained attention activates neural networks involved in episodic memory function, a critical cognition for healthy living. Acute exercise has been shown to activate these same neural networks. Thus, it is plausible that engaging in a sustained attention task and engaging in a bout of acute exercise may have an additive effect in enhancing memory function, which was the purpose of this experiment. Methods: 23 young adults (Mage = 20.7 years) completed 2 visits, with each visit occurring approximately 24 hours apart, in a counterbalanced order, including: (1) acute exercise with sustained attention, and (2) sustained attention only. Memory was assessed using a word-list paradigm and included a short- and long-term memory assessment. Sustained attention was induced via a sustained attention to response task (SART). Acute exercise involved a 15-minute bout of moderate-intensity exercise. Results: Short-term memory performance was significantly greater than long-term memory, Mdiff = 1.86, p < .001, and short-term memory for Exercise with Sustained Attention was significantly greater than short-term memory for Sustained Attention Only, Mdiff = 1.50, p = .01. Conclusion: Engaging in an acute bout of exercise before a sustained attention task additively influenced short-term memory function.

Progesterone to improve neurocognitive outcomes following cranial irradiation.

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 128-128
Author(s):  
Derick Okwan-Duodu ◽  
Fahim Atif ◽  
David S. Yu ◽  
Seema Yousuf ◽  
Deborah Bruner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Cranial Irradiation ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Group Effect ◽  
Significant Group Effect ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Short And Long Term

128 Background: Neurocognitive functional decline is a common sequalae of cranial irradiation (CI) that significantly impacts quality of life. Preclinical studies and randomized clinical trials show that following traumatic brain injury and cerebrovascular accidents, premenopausal women demonstrate decreased mortality and improved neurocognitive function, with these benefits presumed to be derived from progesterone. We hypothesized that progesterone may serve similar role in neuroprotection following cranial irradiation. Methods: Adult non-tumor bearing wild type C57BL/6 male mice were treated with two separate fractionated radiation therapy regimen (9 Gy and 15 Gy) to the brain. Cohorts of these mice were administered progesterone (16mg/kg daily) as a pretreatment for 3 days and concurrent with the radiotherapy for a total of 14 days with tapering during the last two days. The animals were then tested using different behavioral measures for cognitive function including morris water maze (MWM) for assessing spatial and related forms of learning and memory, elevated plus maze (EPM), , and spontaneous locomotor activity (SLA) tests. Mice were tested for cognitive function on day 10 and after 30 days of treatment for short and long-term effects of (CI) on memory function. Results: All irradiated mice showed statistically significant decline in MWM, EPM, and SLA measures. There were no significant differences in the 9 Gy versus 15 Gy cohorts. Progesterone administration produced a statistically significant group effect (F (4, 25) = 8.553; P<0.001) in the improvement of long-term memory function over 5 days of learning process. Progesterone administration also demonstrated a significant group effect (F (4, 25) = 8.613; P<0.001) in the probe trial, and a significant beneficial effect (F (4, 25)= 7.993; P<0.001) in short-term memory functional latency to reach the platform. Conclusions: The preclinical data show that progesterone improves radiation-induced deficits in short-and long-term memory functions in adult mice. Further work is required to show if progesterone may show similar clinical benefit in neuroprotection for adults undergoing prophylactic CI or definitive CI for brain metastases or benign intracranial processes such as AVM.

scholarly journals The effects of acute exercise on short- and long-term memory: Considerations for the timing of exercise and phases of memory

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-103
Author(s):  
Paul D. Loprinzi ◽  
Sierra Day ◽  
Rebecca Hendry ◽  
Sara Hoffman ◽  
Alexis Love ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Word List ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Heart Rate Reserve ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Short And Long Term

The specific questions addressed from this research include: (1) Does high-intensity acute exercise improve memory?, (2) If so, do the mechanisms occur via encoding, consolidation, or retrieval? and (3) If acute exercise occurs in multiple phases of memory (e.g., before encoding and during consolidation), does this have an additive effect on memory? Three experimental, within-subject, counterbalanced studies were conducted among young adults. High-intensity exercise involved a 20-minutes bout of exercise at 75% of heart rate reserve. Memory was evaluated from a word-list task, including multiple evaluations out to 24-hours post-encoding. The timing of the exercise and memory assessments were carefully positioned to evaluate whether any improvements in memory were driven by mechanisms related to encoding, consolidation, and/or retrieval. We demonstrated that high-intensity acute exercise enhanced memory. This effect was robust (repeatable) and occurred through encoding, consolidation and retrieval-based mechanisms. Further, incorporating acute exercise into multiple phases of memory additively enhanced memory function.

Long-term visual tracking based on adaptive correlation filters

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (05) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongmin Wang ◽  
Futao Zhang ◽  
Yanping Chen ◽  
Sugang Ma
Keyword(s):  
Visual Tracking ◽  
Correlation Filters

scholarly journals Within-session verbal learning slope is predictive of lifespan delayed recall, hippocampal volume, and memory training benefit, and is heritable

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristine B. Walhovd ◽  
Anne Cecilie Sjøli Bråthen ◽  
Matthew S. Panizzon ◽  
Athanasia M. Mowinckel ◽  
Øystein Sørensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Memory Performance ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
Memory Training ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Human Lifespan ◽  
Significant Heritability ◽  
Mri Scans

AbstractMemory performance results from plasticity, the ability to change with experience. We show that benefit from practice over a few trials, learning slope, is predictive of long-term recall and hippocampal volume across a broad age range and a long period of time, relates to memory training benefit, and is heritable. First, in a healthy lifespan sample (n = 1825, age 4–93 years), comprising 3483 occasions of combined magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans and memory tests over a period of up to 11 years, learning slope across 5 trials was uniquely related to performance on a delayed free recall test, as well as hippocampal volume, independent from first trial memory or total memory performance across the five learning trials. Second, learning slope was predictive of benefit from memory training across ten weeks in an experimental subsample of adults (n = 155). Finally, in an independent sample of male twins (n = 1240, age 51–50 years), learning slope showed significant heritability. Within-session learning slope may be a useful marker beyond performance per se, being heritable and having unique predictive value for long-term memory function, hippocampal volume and training benefit across the human lifespan.

scholarly journals Scale Adaptive Kernel Correlation Filter Tracking Algorithm Combined with Learning Rate Adjustment

2018 ◽  
Vol 232 ◽  
pp. 03016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Di Wu ◽  
Li Peng
Keyword(s):  
Target Tracking ◽  
Initial Position ◽  
Learning Rate ◽  
Tracking Algorithm ◽  
Correlation Filter ◽  
Average Difference ◽  
Scale Change ◽  
Rate Adjustment ◽  
Adaptive Kernel ◽  
Kernel Correlation

Aiming at the problem that the traditional correlation filter tracking algorithm is prone to tracking failure under the target’s scale change and occlusion environment, we propose a scale-adaptive Kernel Correlation Filter (KCF) target tracking algorithm combined with the learning rate adjustment. Firstly, we use the KCF to obtain the initial position of the target, and then adopt a low-complexity scale estimation scheme to get the target's scale, which improves the ability of the proposed algorithm to adapt to the change of the target's scale, and the tracking speed is also ensured. Finally, we use the average difference between two adjacent images to analyze the change of the image, and adjust the learning rate of the target model in segments according to the average difference to solve the tracking failure problem when the target is severely obstructed. Compared the proposed algorithm with other five classic target tracking algorithms, the experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is well adapted to the complex environment such as target’s scale change, severe occlusion and background interference. At the same time, it has a real-time tracking speed of 231 frame/s.

scholarly journals Real-Time Visual Tracking with Variational Structure Attention Network

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (22) ◽  
pp. 4904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeongbin Kim ◽  
Joongchol Shin ◽  
Hasil Park ◽  
Joonki Paik
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Visual Tracking ◽  
Boundary Effect ◽  
Online Training ◽  
Correlation Filter ◽  
Shape Distortion ◽  
Correlation Filters ◽  
Attention Network ◽  
Real Time Processing ◽  
Variational Structure

Online training framework based on discriminative correlation filters for visual tracking has recently shown significant improvement in both accuracy and speed. However, correlation filter-base discriminative approaches have a common problem of tracking performance degradation when the local structure of a target is distorted by the boundary effect problem. The shape distortion of the target is mainly caused by the circulant structure in the Fourier domain processing, and it makes the correlation filter learn distorted training samples. In this paper, we present a structure–attention network to preserve the target structure from the structure distortion caused by the boundary effect. More specifically, we adopt a variational auto-encoder as a structure–attention network to make various and representative target structures. We also proposed two denoising criteria using a novel reconstruction loss for variational auto-encoding framework to capture more robust structures even under the boundary condition. Through the proposed structure–attention framework, discriminative correlation filters can learn robust structure information of targets during online training with an enhanced discriminating performance and adaptability. Experimental results on major visual tracking benchmark datasets show that the proposed method produces a better or comparable performance compared with the state-of-the-art tracking methods with a real-time processing speed of more than 80 frames per second.

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