scholarly journals Low-Cost Prototype to Automate the 3D Digitization of Pieces: An Application Example and Comparison

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 2580
Author(s):  
Ramón González-Merino ◽  
Elena Sánchez-López ◽  
Pablo E. Romero ◽  
Jesús Rodero ◽  
Rafael E. Hidalgo-Fernández
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
3D Models ◽  
3D Scanner ◽  
3D Design ◽  
Robotic Arms ◽  
Effective System ◽  
3D Printers ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
3D Digitization

This work is aimed at describing the design of a mechanical and programmable 3D capturing system to be used by either 3D scanner or DSLR camera through photogrammetry. Both methods are widely used in diverse areas, from engineering, architecture or archaeology, up to the field of medicine; but they also entail certain disadvantages, such as the high costs of certain equipment, such as scanners with some precision, and the need to resort to specialized operatives, among others. The purpose of this design is to create a robust, precise and cost-effective system that improves the limitations of the present equipment on the market, such as robotic arms or rotary tables. For this reason, a preliminary study has been conducted to analyse the needs of improvement, later, we have focused on the 3D design and prototyping. For its construction, there have been used the FDM additive technology and structural components that are easy to find in the market. With regards to electronic components, basic electronics and Arduino-based 3D printers firmware have been selected. For system testing, the capture equipment consists of a Spider Artec 3D Scanner and a Nikon 5100 SLR Camera. Finally, 3D models have been developed by comparing the 3D meshes obtained by the two methods, obtaining satisfactory results.

scholarly journals A VERSATILE MULTI-CAMERA SYSTEM FOR 3D ACQUISITION AND MODELING

2020 ◽  
Vol XLIII-B2-2020 ◽  
pp. 785-790
Author(s):  
O. Lanz ◽  
F. Sottsas ◽  
M. Conni ◽  
M. Boschetti ◽  
E. Nocerino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Image Acquisition ◽  
Processing System ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Surface Generation ◽  
Joint Work ◽  
Camera System ◽  
Reconstruction Process ◽  
Reconstruction Methods ◽  
3D Digitization

Abstract. Image-based 3D models generation typically involves three stages, namely: 2D image acquisition, data processing, and 3D surface generation and editing. The availability of different easy-to-use and low-cost image acquisition solutions, combined with open-source or commercial processing tools, has democratized the 3D reconstruction and digital twin generation. But high geometric and texture fidelity on small- to medium-scale objects as well as integrated commercial system for mass 3D digitization are not available. The paper presents our effort to build such a system, i.e. a market-ready multi-camera solution and a customized reconstruction process for mass 3D digitization of small to medium objects. The system is realized as a joint work between industrial and academic partners, in order to employ the latest technologies for the needs of the market. The proposed versatile image acquisition and processing system pushes to the limits the 3D digitization pipeline combining a rigid capturing system with photogrammetric reconstruction methods.

scholarly journals 3D Printing of Rapid, Low-Cost and Patient-Specific Models of Brain Vasculature for Use in Preoperative Planning in Clipping of Intracranial Aneurysms

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1201
Author(s):  
Maciej Błaszczyk ◽  
Redwan Jabbar ◽  
Bartosz Szmyd ◽  
Maciej Radek
Keyword(s):  
3D Visualization ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Urgent Care ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Stl File ◽  
3D Printed

We developed a practical and cost-effective method of production of a 3D-printed model of the arterial Circle of Willis of patients treated because of an intracranial aneurysm. We present and explain the steps necessary to produce a 3D model from medical image data, and express the significant value such models have in patient-specific pre-operative planning as well as education. A Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) viewer is used to create 3D visualization from a patient’s Computed Tomography Angiography (CTA) images. After generating the reconstruction, we manually remove the anatomical components that we wish to exclude from the print by utilizing tools provided with the imaging software. We then export this 3D reconstructions file into a Standard Triangulation Language (STL) file which is then run through a “Slicer” software to generate a G-code file for the printer. After the print is complete, the supports created during the printing process are removed manually. The 3D-printed models we created were of good accuracy and scale. The median production time used for the models described in this manuscript was 4.4 h (range: 3.9–4.5 h). Models were evaluated by neurosurgical teams at local hospital for quality and practicality for use in urgent and non-urgent care. We hope we have provided readers adequate insight into the equipment and software they would require to quickly produce their own accurate and cost-effective 3D models from CT angiography images. It has become quite clear to us that the cost-benefit ratio in the production of such a simplified model is worthwhile.

scholarly journals 3D scanner application in the function of digital foot antropometry (FootSABA 3D Foot Scanner)

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarajko Baksa ◽  
Ines Baksa ◽  
Budimir Mijović
Keyword(s):  
3D Models ◽  
Medical Evidence ◽  
3D Scanner ◽  
Traditional Methods ◽  
Modern Approach ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
3D Scanners ◽  
Digital Methods ◽  
Foot Morphology ◽  
3D Digitization

The personalization of footwear in terms of dimension and shape is of the utmost importance and is nowadays considered vitally important by interdisciplinary professions (medical, footwear, ergonomics ...), since inadequately manufactured footwear inevitably results in unwanted pathological conditions of the feet.The aim of this study is to scientifically determine the application of automated 3D digitization of spatial anthropometric foot measurement in relation to the frequency of incorrectly selected footwear based on traditional methods of measurement and selection.Among the examined individuals, both male and female, it was found that more than two thirds of people wear footwear that ergonomically does not fit the basic anthropometric footwear measurements, both in width and length of their feet.There is medical evidence that wearing inappropriate footwear is closely related to pain and wounds on the feet, and that prolonged wearing leads to pathological changes of the feet, such as foot and toe deformation.In the scope of taking measures, traditional methods of determining foot morphology are not sufficient to accurately define the shape and size, in contrast to the modern approach of using 3D scanners and digital methods of measuring virtual 3D models, which enable a very accurate and quick personalization of a large amount of anthropometric data concerning foot morphology.

Towards Modern Cost-Effective and Lightweight Augmented Reality Setups

2018 ◽  
pp. 396-423
Author(s):  
Luís Pádua ◽  
Telmo Adão ◽  
David Narciso ◽  
António Cunha ◽  
Luís Magalhães ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Laptop Computer ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Unit Performance ◽  
Medicine Education ◽  
Different Levels

Augmented Reality (AR) has been widely used in areas such as medicine, education, entertainment and cultural heritage to enhance activities that include (but are not limited to) teaching, training and amusement, through the completion of the real world with viewable and usually interactive virtual data (e.g. 3D models, geo-markers and labels). Despite the already confirmed AR benefits in the referred areas, many of the existing AR systems rely on heavy and obsolete hardware bundles composed of several devices and numerous cables that usually culminate in considerably expensive solutions. This issue is about to be tackled through the recent technological developments which currently enable the production of small-sized boards with remarkable capabilities – such as processing, visualization and storage – at relatively low prices. Following this line of reasoning, this paper proposes and compares five different multi-purpose AR mobile units, running Windows or Android operating systems, having in mind low-cost and lightweight requirements and different levels of immersion: a laptop computer, two tablets, a smartphone and smartglasses. A set of tests was carried out to evaluate the proposed unit performance. Moreover, a set of users' assessments was also conducted, highlighting an overall acceptance regarding the use of the proposed units in AR applications. This paper is an extension of a previous work (Pádua et al., 2015) in which a conceptual architecture for mobile units - complying with AR requirements (including visualization, processing, location and communication) for indoor or outdoor utilization - was presented, along with a shorter set of lightweight and cost-effective AR mobile units and respective performance tests.

Towards Modern Cost-effective and Lightweight Augmented Reality Setups

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luís Pádua ◽  
Telmo Adão ◽  
David Narciso ◽  
António Cunha ◽  
Luís Magalhães ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Laptop Computer ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Unit Performance ◽  
Medicine Education ◽  
Different Levels

Augmented Reality (AR) has been widely used in areas such as medicine, education, entertainment and cultural heritage to enhance activities that include (but are not limited to) teaching, training and amusement, through the completion of the real world with viewable and usually interactive virtual data (e.g. 3D models, geo-markers and labels). Despite the already confirmed AR benefits in the referred areas, many of the existing AR systems rely on heavy and obsolete hardware bundles composed of several devices and numerous cables that usually culminate in considerably expensive solutions. This issue is about to be tackled through the recent technological developments which currently enable the production of small-sized boards with remarkable capabilities – such as processing, visualization and storage – at relatively low prices. Following this line of reasoning, this paper proposes and compares five different multi-purpose AR mobile units, running Windows or Android operating systems, having in mind low-cost and lightweight requirements and different levels of immersion: a laptop computer, two tablets, a smartphone and smartglasses. A set of tests was carried out to evaluate the proposed unit performance. Moreover, a set of users' assessments was also conducted, highlighting an overall acceptance regarding the use of the proposed units in AR applications. This paper is an extension of a previous work (Pádua et al., 2015) in which a conceptual architecture for mobile units - complying with AR requirements (including visualization, processing, location and communication) for indoor or outdoor utilization - was presented, along with a shorter set of lightweight and cost-effective AR mobile units and respective performance tests.

scholarly journals Development and virtual validation of a novel digital workflow to rehabilitate palatal defects by using smartphone-integrated stereophotogrammetry (SPINS)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Taseef Hasan Farook ◽  
Nafij Bin Jamayet ◽  
Jawaad Ahmed Asif ◽  
Abdul Sattar Din ◽  
Muhammad Nasiruddin Mahyuddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Prosthetic Rehabilitation ◽  
3D Scanner ◽  
Physical Damage ◽  
Record Keeping ◽  
Medical Software ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Standard Laser

AbstractPalatal defects are rehabilitated by fabricating maxillofacial prostheses called obturators. The treatment incorporates taking deviously unpredictable impressions to facsimile the palatal defects into plaster casts for obturator fabrication in the dental laboratory. The casts are then digitally stored using expensive hardware to prevent physical damage or data loss and, when required, future obturators are digitally designed, and 3D printed. Our objective was to construct and validate an economic in-house smartphone-integrated stereophotogrammetry (SPINS) 3D scanner and to evaluate its accuracy in designing prosthetics using open source/free (OS/F) digital pipeline. Palatal defect models were scanned using SPINS and its accuracy was compared against the standard laser scanner for virtual area and volumetric parameters. SPINS derived 3D models were then used to design obturators by using (OS/F) software. The resultant obturators were virtually compared against standard medical software designs. There were no significant differences in any of the virtual parameters when evaluating the accuracy of both SPINS, as well as OS/F derived obturators. However, limitations in the design process resulted in minimal dissimilarities. With further improvements, SPINS based prosthetic rehabilitation could create a viable, low cost method for rural and developing health services to embrace maxillofacial record keeping and digitised prosthetic rehabilitation.

scholarly journals Building a Raspberry Pi School Magnetometer Network in the UK

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ciarán D. Beggan ◽  
Steve R. Marple
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Geomagnetic Storms ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Raspberry Pi ◽  
Data Logger ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Effective System ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Magnetic Field Variations

Abstract. As computing and geophysical sensor components have become increasingly affordable over the past decade, it is now possible to design and build a cost-effective system for monitoring the Earth's natural magnetic field variations, in particular for space weather events. Modern fluxgate magnetometers are sensitive down to the sub-nanotesla level, which far exceeds the level of accuracy required to detect very small variations of the external magnetic field. When the popular Raspberry Pi single-board computer is combined with a suitable digitiser it can be used as a low-cost data logger. We adapted off-the-shelf components to design a magnetometer system for schools and developed bespoke Python software to build a network of low-cost magnetometers across the UK. We describe the system and software and how it was deployed to schools around the UK. In addition, we show the results recorded by the systems from one of the largest geomagnetic storms of the current solar cycle.

scholarly journals Direct Measurement of Sweetpotato Surface Area and Volume Using a Low-cost 3D Scanner for Identification of Shape Features Related to Processing Product Recovery

HortScience ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 722-728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur Villordon ◽  
Jeffrey C. Gregorie ◽  
Don LaBonte
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Direct Measurement ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Product Recovery ◽  
Storage Root ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
3D Scanner ◽  
Processing Product

The growing demand for sweetpotato French fry and other processed products has increased the need for producing storage roots of desired shape profile (i.e., blocky and less tapered). Length-width ratio (LW) is the current de facto standard for characterizing sweetpotato shape. Although LW is sensitive and descriptive of some types of shape variability, this index may be inadequate to measure taper and other subtle shape variations. Prior work has shown that surface area (SA) and volume (VOL) are important shape descriptors but current direct measurement methods are tedious, inconsistent, and often destructive. A low-cost three-dimensional (3D) scanner was used to acquire digital 3D models of 210 U.S. No. 1 grade sweetpotato storage roots. The 3D models were imported into Meshmixer, a free software for cleaning and processing 3D files. Processing steps included gap filling and rendering the models water-tight to facilitate VOL measurements. The software includes a tool that enables automatic measurements of length (L), width (W), SA, and VOL. LW and SA-VOL ratio (SAVOL) were subsequently calculated. Separately, a digital caliper was used for manual measurements of L and W. The shrink-wrap method was used to measure SA, and water displacement was used to measure VOL. 3D scanner-based and manual L measurements showed high correlation, whereas VOL was lowest. Principal component analysis (PCA) of 3D scanner-based measurements showed that the first two principal components (PCs) accounted for 96.2% of the total shape variation in the data set, named Ib3D. The first PC accounted for 62.15% of the total variance, and captured variation in storage root shape through changes in VOL, SA, SAVOL, and W. The second PC accounted for 34.4% of the variance, and the main factors were LW and L. Most storage root samples that were classified as processing types were located in the fourth quadrant. The methods described in this work to nondestructively acquire 3D models of sweetpotato also can be adopted for analyzing shape in other horticultural produce like fruits, vegetables, tubers, and other storage roots that meet the specifications for 3D scanning. The data support the hypothesis that knowledge of variables that determine storage root L and W can lead to the development of methods and approaches for enhanced processing product recovery and size assortment for fresh market.

scholarly journals A FUSION-BASED WORKFLOW FOR TURNING SLAM POINT CLOUDS AND FISHEYE DATA INTO TEXTURE-ENHANCED 3D MODELS

2019 ◽  
Vol XLII-2/W17 ◽  
pp. 295-302
Author(s):  
G. Sammartano ◽  
A. Spanò ◽  
L. Teppati Losè
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Image Block ◽  
3D Data ◽  
Operating Environments ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Mutual Relations ◽  
3D Digitization

Abstract. Mobile mapping systems are increasingly developing ad hoc solution and integrated approaches for rapid and accurate 3D digitization in different operating environments belonging to built heritage assets. The use of emerging compact, portable and low-cost solution for imaging and ranging well fits in the purposes of mapping complex indoor spaces especially for narrow and underground ones (tunnels, mines, caves and ancient spaces), that are very challenging contexts in which to experiment integrated technological solutions and tailored workflows. In these cases, the main key issues are generally the difficulty in the seamless positioning and the complete and successful metric-radiometric content association in metric surface, due to the reduced manoeuvring space and complex lighting conditions. The prevalent goals for which the 3D digitization could be conceived are, beyond the accurate metric documentation, the analysis of mutual relations of volumes in complex structures, the virtual reconstruction and navigation of spaces with reduced accessibility for dissemination aims. The new SLAM-based positioning solutions implemented in some recent portable systems for indoor/outdoor mapping are increasingly developing and favoured by geometric features extraction algorithms even in traveling through complex and irregular environments. In parallel, the possibility to exploit the advances in digital photogrammetry algorithms for image matching and dense reconstruction using action-cam, compact and fisheye cameras allows to deploy investigation solutions even in complex environments at first sight impossible to map by photogrammetric approach. Here within the F.I.N.E. benchmark in the site of the San Vigilio Castle (Bergamo) and the “nottole” tunnels, a fusion-based workflow is proposed. It is focused on the purposes of providing radiometrically enriched 3D data from the possibility to colourized ZEB point cloud and a textured mesh surfaces with an oriented image block, taking care of the time processing steps optimization.

scholarly journals An Automated Cost-effective System for Real-time Slope Mapping in Commercial Wild Blueberry Fields

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 431-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qamar Uz Zaman ◽  
Arnold Walter Schumann ◽  
David Charles Percival
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Effective System ◽  
Wild Blueberry

The development of site-specific agriculture has increased the need for knowledge regarding within-field variability in factors such as soil/plant characteristics and topography that influence wild blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium) production. Surface soil properties are the first type of information most frequently used by blueberry producers in developing management plans. Topographic features are not yet routinely used to guide within-field management. The majority of blueberry fields in eastern Canada have gentle to severe topography. An automated slope measurement and mapping system (SMMS) consisting of low-cost accelerometers used as tilt sensors, differential global positioning system (DGPS), and laptop and custom software was developed. The SMMS was mounted on an all-terrain vehicle for real-time slope measurement and mapping. Six commercial wild blueberry fields were surveyed in central Nova Scotia to evaluate the performance of SMMS. The automatically sensed slopes (SS) were also compared with manually measured slopes (MS) at 20 randomly selected points in each field to examine the accuracy of SMMS. The SMMS measured slope reliably in the selected fields with root mean square error ranging from 0.12 to 0.56 degrees and correlations of SS with MS of R2 = 0.95 to 0.99. The selected fields had substantial variation in slope (ranging from 0.8 to 31.0 degrees). Therefore, the use of low-cost and reliable accelerometers with a DGPS is a better option than expensive real-time kinematic DGPS for developing cost-effective SMMS to quantify and map slopes (real-time) for planning site-specific management practices in commercial fields. The SS maps or real-time SMMS could also be used to adjust vehicle speed at particularly steep slopes.

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