scholarly journals Biomimicking Covert Communication by Time-Frequency Shift Modulation for Increasing Mimicking and BER Performances

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 2184
Author(s):  
Jongmin Ahn ◽  
Hojun Lee ◽  
Yongcheol Kim ◽  
Wanjin Kim ◽  
Jaehak Chung
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Shift ◽  
Bit Error Rate ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Covert Communication ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Covert Communications ◽  
Large Correlation ◽  
Communication Method ◽  
Shift Keying

Underwater acoustic (UWA) biomimicking communications have been developed for covert communications. For the UWA covert communications, it is difficult to achieve the bit error rate (BER) and the degree of mimic (DoM) performances at the same time. This paper proposes a biomimicking covert communication method to increase both BER and DoM (degree of mimic) performances based on the Time Frequency Shift Keying (TFSK). To increase DoM and BER performances, the orthogonality requirements of the time- and frequency-shifting units of the TFSK are theoretically derived, and the whistles are multiplied by the sequence with a large correlation. Two-step DoM assessments are also developed for the long-term whistle signals. Computer simulations and practical lake and ocean experiments demonstrate that the proposed method increases the DoM by 35% and attains a zero BER at −6 dB of Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR).

scholarly journals Machine Learning Based Biomimetic Underwater Covert Acoustic Communication Method Using Dolphin Whistle Contours

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (21) ◽  
pp. 6166
Author(s):  
Jongmin Ahn ◽  
Hojun Lee ◽  
Yongcheol Kim ◽  
Wanjin Kim ◽  
Jaehak Chung
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Bit Error Rate ◽  
Deep Neural Network ◽  
Covert Communication ◽  
Covert Communications ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
Communication Method ◽  
Link Information ◽  
Communication Methods ◽  
Ber Performance

For underwater acoustic covert communications, biomimetic covert communications have been developed using dolphin whistles. The conventional biomimetic covert communication methods transmit slightly different signal patterns from real dolphin whistles, which results in a low degree of mimic (DoM). In this paper, we propose a novel biomimetic communication method that preserves the large DoM with a low bit error rate (BER). For the transmission, the proposed method utilizes the various contours of real dolphin whistles with the link information among consecutive whistles, and the proposed receiver uses machine learning based whistle detectors with the aid of the link information. Computer simulations and practical ocean experiments were executed to demonstrate the better BER performance of the proposed method. Ocean experiments demonstrate that the BER of the proposed method was 0.002, while the BER of the conventional Deep Neural Network (DNN) based detector showed 0.36.

Blind channel estimation of space-time Frequency-Shift Keying

2006 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-281
Author(s):  
Yuanyuan Gao ◽  
Xiaoxin Yi ◽  
Zuping Qian ◽  
Xianbing Hu
Keyword(s):  
Channel Estimation ◽  
Frequency Shift ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Blind Channel Estimation ◽  
Frequency Shift Keying ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Blind Channel ◽  
Shift Keying

scholarly journals Evaluasi Modulasi MFSK untuk Transmisi Data Melalui Kanal Suara GSM

Jurnal INKOM ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Rika Sustika ◽  
Oka Mahendra
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Communication ◽  
Bit Error Rate ◽  
Error Rate ◽  
Gaussian Noise ◽  
Linear Prediction ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Additive White Gaussian Noise ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Global System ◽  
Shift Keying

Pada tulisan ini, dievaluasi performansi skema modulasi MFSK (M-ary Frequency Shift Keying) untuk aplikasi pengiriman data melalui kanal suara GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication). Parameter yang dievaluasi berupa kesalahan bit trasmisi yang dinyatakan dengan laju kesalahan bit atau bit error rate (BER). Evaluasi ini dilakukan untuk menentukan besarnya orde M yang akan dipilih pada aplikasi pengiriman data digital melalui kanal suara GSM. Pada proses simulasi, data digital dikodekan menjadi simbol-simbol lalu dimodulasi menggunakan modulator MFSK menjadi data menyerupai pembicaraan (suara). Suara yang dihasilkan dikodekan dengan algoritma CELP (Code Excited Linear Prediction), kemudian dikirimkan melalui udara yang dimodelkan sebagai kanal AWGN (Additive White Gaussian Noise). Di sisi penerima, sinyal terima yang menyerupai suara ini didemodulasi dan dikonversi kembali menjadi data digital. Dari simulasi menggunakan Eb/No (signal to noise ratio) sebesar 6 dB, diperoleh laju bit 2,5 kbps dengan BER 2,01 x 10-3 untuk M=4, 2,22 x 10-3 untuk M=8, dan 1,87 x 10-3 untuk M=16.

scholarly journals BIT ERROR RATE ANALYSIS IN DIFFERENT TERRAINS FOR LTE

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 331-339
Author(s):  
Dilshad Mahjabeen ◽  
Moshiur Rahman Tarafder ◽  
T Saikat Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Rural Area ◽  
Bit Error Rate ◽  
Error Rate ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Rate Analysis ◽  
Receiving Antenna ◽  
Noise Ratio ◽  
Clear Idea

Focus of this paper is mainly evaluating the performance of Long Term Evolution (LTE) system in different terrains such as urban, suburban and rural area. The performance parameters such as, Bit Error Rate (BER) and the Data Throughput are reported in terms of Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR). The system parameters taken into consideration are signal to noise ratio (SNR), number of receiving antenna (RxAn), reference channel and duplex mode. All of the simulations were performed in MATLAB, version 2014a simulink. The results are presented in table and graph which gives clear idea of the effect of environment on signal and receiver sensitivity. Also bit-error-rate, an important parameter in case of receiving signal, is analyzed with respect to SNR values. A comparative analysis of bit-error-rate is performed between three areas for same conditions which proves that LTE signal is well suited in a rural area than that of a suburban and urban area.

A Novel Covert Communication Method Based on WCDMA

2013 ◽  
Vol 336-338 ◽  
pp. 1611-1615
Author(s):  
He Yi Wu ◽  
Ai Qun Hu
Keyword(s):  
Bit Error Rate ◽  
Data Transmission ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Wireless Communication Systems ◽  
Covert Communication ◽  
Message Processing ◽  
Communication Method ◽  
Communication Scheme

Covert communication can effectively improve the security of communication content, which has been widely used in wireless communication systems. Most approaches for covert communication are based on the principle of text-embedded in upper layer of the OSI model. In this paper, a novel covert communication scheme is proposed. This method takes advantage of scramble codes and message processing rules of the WCDMA system. It uses a downlink scramble code in the normal WCDMA uplink signal, so that the covert messages will not be received by the base station (BS) and the user equipment (UE). Simulation result shows that the proposed covert communication method has a low bit error rate (BER) performance, and will only make the signals of different business to a slightly lower data transmission rate.

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