scholarly journals Predicting the Coping Skills of Older Drivers in the Face of Unexpected Situation

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 2099
Author(s):  
Yusuke Kajiwara ◽  
Haruhiko Kimura
Keyword(s):  
Angular Velocity ◽  
Tilt Angle ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Coping Skills ◽  
Older Drivers ◽  
Coping Skill ◽  
Older Driver ◽  
The Face ◽  
Two Phases

In recent years, when an older driver who cannot immediately recognize, judge, and operate properly faces an unexpected situation, they often panic, which may cause a traffic accident. However, there has not yet been enough discussion about the coping skills of older drivers in the face of this unexpected situation. Therefore, this study discusses the coping skills of older drivers in the face of unexpected situations. Moreover, we propose a coping skills prediction system (CP system). The CP system predicts coping skills from the tilt angle and angular velocity of the left foot when an older driver is driving or preparing to start a car. The experiment carried out two phases, a phase of driving a car and a phase of preparing to start the car. In the driving phase, the young and older driver drive the car in a driving simulator. The average age of the young driver group was ± standard deviation = 20.6 ± 0.7 years, and the age of the older driver group was 78.5 ± 5.1 years. The driving route included 15 cases in which collision accidents are likely to occur. We analyzed the experimental results of the driving phase and clarified the predictors of coping skills. Moreover, we analyzed the correlation between the left foot movement in driving and the left foot movement during preparing to start the car. As a result of the experiment, there was a 0.84 correlation between the tilt angle of the left foot of the older driver in driving and the tilt angle of the left foot of the older driver in preparing to start the car. The result shows that the coping skills can be predicted from the tilt angle of the left foot of the older driver during preparing to start the car. We showed that the coping skill can be predicted with an accuracy of 92% or 94% on average from the tilt angle and the angular velocity of the left foot while driving or preparing to start the car. Moreover, we clarified that the tilt angle of the left foot of a driver without coping skills is perpendicular to the ground compared to a driver with coping skills. This study is expected to contribute to the prevention of traffic accidents that occur in the face of an unexpected situation.

Measuring the Applicability of Intersection-Based Older Driver Training Programs

2020 ◽  
Vol 2674 (9) ◽  
pp. 878-886
Author(s):  
Craig A. Schneider ◽  
Foroogh Hajiseyedjavadi ◽  
Francis Tainter ◽  
Michael Knodler ◽  
Jingyi Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Older Drivers ◽  
Dropout Rates ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Primary Reason ◽  
Simulator Sickness ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Driver Training ◽  
Older Driver

Older drivers remain overrepresented in intersection crashes. Previous evidence suggests that the primary reason for this lies with their lack of scanning for potential threat vehicles while entering stop-controlled intersections. More so, secondary glances prove critical when the conditions obscure potential threat vehicles while approaching the intersection. Currently, simulator-based older driver training programs have proven effective in increasing the frequency of secondary glances taken by older drivers up to 2 years following the training. However, both the need for a full-scale driving simulator and participant dropout rates because of simulator sickness within training programs continue to limit the applicability of these alternatives. This study used a series of micro-scenarios to train older drivers in secondary glances, thus reducing the potential for participant dropouts resulting from simulator sickness. In addition, driver immersion levels varied across multiple training platforms, ranging from low to medium. A total of 91 participants between 67 and 86 years old were assigned to one of five groups. Three groups were provided active, secondary glance training on a driving simulator (one on a low immersion simulator and two on medium immersion simulators), a fourth group was provided passive training using a PowerPoint presentation, and the last group was a control with no training. Following training, all participants were evaluated in their personal vehicles while wearing head-mounted cameras. The medium immersion group resulted in the highest percentage of secondary glances (82%), whereas the control group resulted in the lowest percentage (42%). The results provide evidence to suggest that the training programs using micro-scenarios in medium and low immersion simulators can increase the frequency of secondary glances without having high dropout rates caused by simulator sickness.

Skull and Face Injuries and Associated Factors in Pedestrian Victims of Traffic Accidents: A Single Trauma Center Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-59
Author(s):  
Josimara A. de Araújo Varela ◽  
Tatiana F.T. Palitot ◽  
Smyrna L.X. de Souza ◽  
Alidianne F.C. Cavalcanti ◽  
Alessandro L. Cavalcanti
Keyword(s):  
Medical Records ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
The Face ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The City

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the presence of lesions in the skull and face and the associated factors in pedestrian victims of traffic accidents. Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive-analytical study carried out through the analysis of medical records of pedestrian victims of traffic accidents in an emergency service in the city of Campina Grande, Brazil, during the year of 2016. Information was collected regarding gender, age group, day of the week, time of the accident, type of vehicle involved, presence of trauma to the skull and face, and outcomes. The Chi-square and Fisher's Exact tests were used, with a significance level of 5%. Results: A total of 1,884 medical records were evaluated, out of which 7.1% (n = 133) involved pedestrians. Men were the most frequent victims (68.4%), and victims of age 60 years old or over (30.5%) predominated. Almost one-third of the cases were recorded during the weekends (30.5%), and the most prevalent time was at night (52.7%). Regarding the type of vehicle involved, motorcycles predominated (47.4%). Head trauma was present in 37.6% of victims, while facial injuries corresponded to 8.2%. In 12% of cases, the victims died. The variables of gender, age group, occurrence on weekends, and trauma to the face showed a statistically significant association with the occurrence of traffic accidents (Chi-square test; p<0.05). Conclusion: Among pedestrian victims of traffic accidents, there is a predominance of men aged 65 years or over. Accidents are frequent at night, and motorcycles are the main vehicles involved. The presence of trauma to the skull and face regions is high.

scholarly journals Review of Studies on Older Drivers’ Behavior and Stress—Methods, Results, and Outlook

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 3503
Author(s):  
Yanning Zhao ◽  
Toshiyuki Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Older Drivers ◽  
Driving Simulators ◽  
Driving Experience ◽  
Older Driver ◽  
Vehicle Data ◽  
Vehicle Systems ◽  
Questionnaire Surveys ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Short Time

This paper presents a review on relevant studies and reports related to older drivers’ behavior and stress. Questionnaires, simulators, and on-road/in-vehicle systems are used to collect driving data in most studies. In addition, research either directly compares older drivers and the other drivers or considers participants according to various age groups. Nevertheless, the definition of ‘older driver’ varies not only across studies but also across different government reports. Although questionnaire surveys are widely used to affordably obtain massive data in a short time, they lack objectivity. In contrast, biomedical information can increase the reliability of a driving stress assessment when collected in environments such as driving simulators and on-road experiments. Various studies determined that driving behavior and stress remain stable regardless of age, whereas others reported degradation of driving abilities and increased driving stress among older drivers. Instead of age, many researchers recommended considering other influencing factors, such as gender, living area, and driving experience. To mitigate bias in findings, this literature review suggests a hybrid method by applying surveys and collecting on-road/in-vehicle data.

scholarly journals Generational Portrait of Spanish Society in the Face of Climate Change. A Question to Consider for the Green Economy under the Well-Being Approach

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 807
Author(s):  
María-José Foncubierta-Rodríguez ◽  
Rafael Ravina-Ripoll ◽  
José Antonio López-Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Human Action ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
Green Economy ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Spanish Society ◽  
The Face ◽  
Two Phases

Climate change is emerging as an issue of progressive attention, and therefore awareness, in societies. In this work, the problem is addressed from a generational perspective in Spanish society and is carried out from the approaches of awareness, human action, and self-responsibility. All this from the search of the subjective well-being and the citizens’ happiness, as one of the bases of sustainable development initiatives. With data from the European Social Survey R8, from EUROSTAT, we work in two phases: (1) descriptive and inferential on possible associations of the items with the variable Age, and (2) calculation of probabilities between groups through logistic regression. The results confirm a general awareness, but with apparent statistical differences between age groups. In general, the youngest are the most aware, blame human activity most intensely, are the most concerned, and are the most willing to act. And it is the older people who are less aware of all these issues. Based on this finding, and from the approach mentioned above, it is recommended that leaders, both in the macroeconomic and microeconomic sectors, develop initiatives that sensitize and encourage older age groups.

Traffic accident and emission reduction through intermittent release measures for heavy fog weather

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (25) ◽  
pp. 1550148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Shi ◽  
Jin-Hua Tan
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Emission Characteristics ◽  
Driving Behaviors ◽  
Ca Model ◽  
Reduce Emissions

Heavy fog weather can increase traffic accidents and lead to freeway closures which result in delays. This paper aims at exploring traffic accident and emission characteristics in heavy fog, as well as freeway intermittent release measures for heavy fog weather. A driving simulator experiment is conducted for obtaining driving behaviors in heavy fog. By proposing a multi-cell cellular automaton (CA) model based on the experimental data, the role of intermittent release measures on the reduction of traffic accidents and CO emissions is studied. The results show that, affected by heavy fog, when cellular occupancy [Formula: see text], the probability of traffic accidents is much higher; and CO emissions increase significantly when [Formula: see text]. After an intermittent release measure is applied, the probability of traffic accidents and level of CO emissions become reasonable. Obviously, the measure can enhance traffic safety and reduce emissions.

Kinematics of rotation in place during defense turning in the crayfish Procambarus clarkii

2001 ◽  
Vol 204 (3) ◽  
pp. 471-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Copp ◽  
M. Jamon
Keyword(s):  
Angular Velocity ◽  
Procambarus Clarkii ◽  
Angular Acceleration ◽  
The Body ◽  
Simple Variation ◽  
Freely Behaving ◽  
Leg Motion ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Final Orientation

The kinematic patterns of defense turning behavior in freely behaving specimens of the crayfish Procambarus clarkii were investigated with the aid of a video-analysis system. Movements of the body and all pereiopods, except the chelipeds, were analyzed. Because this behavior approximates to a rotation in place, this analysis extends previous studies on straight and curve walking in crustaceans. Specimens of P. clarkii responded to a tactile stimulus on a walking leg by turning accurately to face the source of the stimulation. Angular velocity profiles of the movement of the animal's carapace suggest that defense turn responses are executed in two phases: an initial stereotyped phase, in which the body twists on its legs and undergoes a rapid angular acceleration, followed by a more erratic phase of generally decreasing angular velocity that leads to the final orientation. Comparisons of contralateral members of each pair of legs reveal that defense turns are affected by changes in step geometry, rather than by changes in the timing parameters of leg motion, although inner legs 3 and 4 tend to take more steps than their outer counterparts during the course of a response. During the initial phase, outer legs 3 and 4 exhibit larger stance amplitudes than their inner partners, and all the outer legs produce larger stance amplitudes than their inner counterparts during the second stage of the response. Also, the net vectors of the initial stances, particularly, are angled with respect to the body, with the power strokes of the inner legs produced during promotion and those of the outer legs produced during remotion. Unlike straight and curve walking in the crayfish, there is no discernible pattern of contralateral leg coordination during defense turns. Similarities and differences between defense turns and curve walking are discussed. It is apparent that rotation in place, as in defense turns, is not a simple variation on straight or curve walking but a distinct locomotor pattern.

scholarly journals Assessment of Knowledge about Lefort I Fracture Among Dental Students

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL3) ◽  
pp. 736-739
Author(s):  
Pravinya ◽  
Dhanraj Ganapathy ◽  
Subhashree Rohinikumar
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak ◽  
Dental Students ◽  
The Body ◽  
Intermaxillary Fixation ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
Maxillofacial Fractures ◽  
The Face ◽  
Facial Area

Fractures of the middle third of the face have increased in number over the past two decades. Trauma to the facial area results in injuries not only to dental structures but also maxillomandibular fractures. In addition, these injuries frequently occur in combination with injuries of other parts of the body. The etiology of these fractures have various causes, such as traffic accidents, falls, assaults, sports, and others. The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge and awareness about LeFort I fracture among undergraduate dental students. A custom made questionnaire comprising of 10 questions to assess the knowledge about LeFort I fracture was formulated and circulated among 100 undergraduate dental students. The responses were then subjected to statistical analysis. Among 100 undergraduate dental students, 52% of them were aware of the types of maxillofacial fractures, and LeFort I fracture is a maxillary fracture, 34% of them have reported that Le Fort I fracture causes disruption of the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone,35% of them reported that LeFort I fracture might be associated with cerebrospinal fluid leak and 25% of them were still unaware that floating palate is the typical clinical presentation of LeFort I fracture. Also, only 30% were aware that intermaxillary fixation is the management of LeFort I fracture. The present study suggests that among undergraduate dental students, the knowledge about the clinical presentation and the management of LeFort I fracture is inadequate.

scholarly journals Lockdown 1.0 mishaps in Bangalore: an observational study on head and neck injuries

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 1100
Author(s):  
Smitha S. G. ◽  
Suhasini Hanumaiah ◽  
Arunima Sheeja
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Neck Injuries ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Government

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The government of India imposed a nationwide lockdown from 24 March to 14 April 2020, to contain the highly contagious corona virus. The aim of the study was to reflect upon the psychosocial impact of lockdown 1.0 on the population in terms of assaults, self-inflicted injuries and road traffic accidents during the 21 days of lockdown.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This was a prospective observational study done in KIMS hospital and research centre during nation-wide lockdown 1.0 i.e. from 24 March to 14 April 2020. Patients who visited emergency medicine department with history of assault, self-inflicted injuries, road traffic accidents sustaining injuries to ear, nose, neck and other regions of the face were included in the study.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> A total of 32 patients who sustained injuries in the head and neck region during the 21-day lockdown period and came to our institution were included. Out of the 32 injuries, 6 injuries were to the ear, 12 to nose,5 to the neck region and 9 to other facial regions. There were 18 assault cases causing head and neck injuries,3 were self-inflicted wounds and rest were injuries due to road traffic accidents.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Several problems emerged following the forced quarantine to combat COVID-19. These inexorable circumstances which are beyond normal experience, lead to stress, anxiety and a feeling of helplessness in all. There is a need to ameliorate people’s access to mental health support services geared towards providing measures for developing healthy coping mechanisms during such crisis.</p>

scholarly journals Using the Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Inference Systems to Compare the Impact of Speed and Space Perception on the Occurrence of Road Traffic Accidents

Mathematics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1548
Author(s):  
Marjana Čubranić-Dobrodolac ◽  
Libor Švadlenka ◽  
Svetlana Čičević ◽  
Aleksandar Trifunović ◽  
Momčilo Dobrodolac
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Fuzzy Inference ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Space Perception ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Inference System ◽  
Interval Type ◽  
The Impact

A constantly increasing number of deaths on roads forces analysts to search for models that predict the driver’s propensity for road traffic accidents (RTAs). This paper aims to examine a relationship between the speed and space assessment capabilities of drivers in terms of their association with the occurrence of RTAs. The method used for this purpose is based on the implementation of the interval Type-2 Fuzzy Inference System (T2FIS). The inputs to the first T2FIS relate to the speed assessment capabilities of drivers. These capabilities were measured in the experiment with 178 young drivers, with test speeds of 30, 50, and 70 km/h. The participants assessed the aforementioned speed values from four different observation positions in the driving simulator. On the other hand, the inputs of the second T2FIS are space assessment capabilities. The same group of drivers took two types of space assessment tests—2D and 3D. The third considered T2FIS sublimates of all previously mentioned inputs in one model. The output in all three T2FIS structures is the number of RTAs experienced by a driver. By testing three proposed T2FISs on the empirical data, the result of the research indicates that the space assessment characteristics better explain participation in RTAs compared to the speed assessment capabilities. The results obtained are further confirmed by implementing a multiple regression analysis.

scholarly journals Impact of Age-Related Vision Changes on Driving

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (20) ◽  
pp. 7416
Author(s):  
Sonia Ortiz-Peregrina ◽  
Carolina Ortiz ◽  
Miriam Casares-López ◽  
José J. Castro-Torres ◽  
Luis Jiménez del Barco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Visual Function ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Model ◽  
Driving Performance ◽  
Older Drivers ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Simulated Driving ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Intraocular Straylight

Aging leads to impaired visual function, which can affect driving—a very visually demanding task—and has a direct impact on an individual’s quality of life if their license is withdrawn. This study examined the associations between age-related vision changes and simulated driving performance. To this end, we attempted to determine the most significant visual parameters in terms of evaluating elderly drivers’ eyesight. Twenty-one younger drivers (aged 25–40) were compared to 21 older drivers (aged 56–71). Study participants were assessed for visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, halos, and intraocular straylight, which causes veiling luminance on the retina and degrades vision. Driving performance was evaluated using a driving simulator. The relationships between simulated driving performance and the visual parameters tested were examined with correlation analyses and linear regression models. Older drivers presented impairment in most visual parameters (p < 0.05), with straylight being the most significantly affected (we also measured the associated effect size). Older drivers performed significantly worse (p < 0.05) in the simulator test, with a markedly lower performance in lane stability. The results of the multiple linear regression model evidenced that intraocular straylight is the best visual parameter for predicting simulated driving performance (R2 = 0.513). Older drivers have shown significantly poorer results in several aspects of visual function, as well as difficulties in driving simulator performance. Our results suggest that the non-standardized straylight evaluation could be significant in driver assessments, especially at the onset of age-related vision changes.

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