scholarly journals Multimodal Sensing Capabilities for the Detection of Shunt Failure

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1747
Author(s):  
Milenka Gamero ◽  
Woo Seok Kim ◽  
Sungcheol Hong ◽  
Daniel Vorobiev ◽  
Clinton D. Morgan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Primary Therapy ◽  
Shunt System ◽  
Multimodal Sensing ◽  
Abnormal Accumulation ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Adult Congenital ◽  
Wireless Device ◽  
Hydrocephalus Treatment

Hydrocephalus is a medical condition characterized by the abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) within the cavities of the brain called ventricles. It frequently follows pediatric and adult congenital malformations, stroke, meningitis, aneurysmal rupture, brain tumors, and traumatic brain injury. CSF diversion devices, or shunts, have become the primary therapy for hydrocephalus treatment for nearly 60 years. However, routine treatment complications associated with a shunt device are infection, obstruction, and over drainage. Although some (regrettably, the minority) patients with shunts can go for years without complications, even those lucky few may potentially experience one shunt malfunction; a shunt complication can require emergency intervention. Here, we present a soft, wireless device that monitors distal terminal fluid flow and transmits measurements to a smartphone via a low-power Bluetooth communication when requested. The proposed multimodal sensing device enabled by flow sensors, for measurements of flow rate and electrodes for measurements of resistance in a fluidic chamber, allows precision measurement of CSF flow rate over a long time and under any circumstances caused by unexpected or abnormal events. A universal design compatible with any modern commercial spinal fluid shunt system would enable the widespread use of this technology.

scholarly journals Albian drilling's and its hydropower potential in Algeria: Study and exploitation

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-15
Author(s):  
Salim Etsouri ◽  
Ferhat Kaci ◽  
Mohamed Bouaziz
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
High Flow ◽  
Aquifer System ◽  
Output Pressure ◽  
Turbo Generator ◽  
Hydropower Potential ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Very High

The Continental intercalary groundwater is highly sought for its water as resources hugely mobilized in Northern Sahara. A very high flow rate and output pressure characterizes this underground water. It amounts from 50 to 400 l.s-1 for the flow, and from 5 to 40 bar for pressure. A survey of the Northern Sahara Aquifer System was essential to prove the existence of this potential. This energy appears into the artesian form, which remains very considerable for a very long time in most drilling. We have realised that this energy is immense, as well as the expanded volume of the groundwater, and the importance of its use in agriculture. Unfortunately, this potential remains untapped to this day and the energy of this water is completely neglected. Several turbo generator and/or inverted pump (PATs) integration tests were undergone. The new concept of reflection with respect to the environment and sustainable development has led us to structure our work towards the extension of this potential in order to extract the exploitable energy.

scholarly journals Autonomous Power Supply System for Light Sensor of Illumination Measurement Test Bench

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olegs Tetervenoks ◽  
Ilya Galkin ◽  
Jelena Armas
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Test Bench ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Wireless Devices ◽  
Light Sensor ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Wireless Device ◽  
Illumination Measurement ◽  
High Energy Consumption

Abstract Usually wireless devices require autonomous power supply. They are equipped with radio frequency transceiver modules with relatively high energy consumption especially in data transmission mode. This also means that autonomous power supply of wireless device requires relatively large energy storage. Rechargeable battery in this case is a good solution, but the charging process of a battery takes a long time. In this paper the use of supercapacitor as energy storage for autonomous power supply of wireless node is further elaborated on the example of light sensor for illumination measurement test bench.

scholarly journals Investigation of internal flow of Cryogenic injection

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Claus Franz Wehmann ◽  
Marcello Reis ◽  
Meng Lou ◽  
Oskar Josef Haidn
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Strong Dependence ◽  
Internal Flow ◽  
Fluid Temperature ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Cryogenic Flow ◽  
Jet Injectors ◽  
Cryogenic Propellants

As part of an effort to understand the conditions for the ignition of cryogenic propellants in the low pressure environment, we conducted a research of internal flow of cryogenic jet. In this paper, the experimental investigation was exerted focusing on the qualitative morphology study of the cryogenic flow inside the jet injectors. The test facilities were carefully designed and allow for visualization and characterization of the flow. The results show a strong dependence of mass flow rate on the fluid temperature. The two-phase flow was observed even for a long time chilling down of the injector. The Jacob number is proved to be a good indicator for the flow regimes, and the bubbles are present in the flow every time. The injector geometry has an influence on the flow rate, with the tapered injector demonstrating a higher flow rate than the sharp one.

Effects of gas adsorbed on solid surface during gas breakdown in electron cyclotron resonance discharge

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng Hui Fu ◽  
Zhen- Feng Ding
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Electron Cyclotron Resonance ◽  
Vertical Component ◽  
Plasma Source ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Short Time Interval ◽  
Gas Flow Rate ◽  
Ecr Plasma ◽  
Long Time

Abstract The microwave breakdown power (Pwb) in an ECR plasma source was not merely determined by pressure (gas flow rate), but found to vary with the time interval between two successive breakdowns. The measured Pwb dropped rapidly from a high value at a short time interval to a low level at a long time interval. The obtained dependence of Pwb on pressure (gas flow rate) exhibited distinct features: the normal monotonicity and abnormal non-monotonicity at the short and long time intervals, respectively. The effective zone in the antenna’s surface bombarded by hot electrons heated in the ECR layer was validated by (1) masking the antenna with a film having a variable radius; (2) calculating the distribution of the vertical component of the microwave electric field with respect to the static magnetic field; (3) imaging glows of transient breakdown discharges with a fast camera. The reduction in Pwb was mainly attributed to the enhanced emission of δ-electrons from the gas-adsorbed antenna under the bombardment of energetic electrons coming from the ECR layer.. The correlation between the dynamic gas coverage and the coefficient emission of δ-electrons was established to understand the abnormal ECR breakdown features.

A flow-regulating device to control differential pressure in CSF shunt systems

1982 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 570-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Yamada
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Csf Shunt ◽  
Csf Flow ◽  
Csf Shunts ◽  
Shunt System ◽  
Distal Catheter ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Teflon Tube ◽  
Fine Print

✓ A method of regulating flow rate through cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunts with the addition of a flow-regulating device (FRD) is reported. The FRD consists of a small-caliber (0.4 mm) Teflon tube placed in the usual connector. This device has the advantage of converting the original shunt valves to valves for higher-resistance flow without replacing the entire distal catheter. An experimental study revealed that this device reduced the CSF flow rate in the shunt system by approximately 30%. The author has found it reliable in 32 patients, without causing CSF obstruction. The device is easily installed and removed.

scholarly journals Spinal arthroplasty

2002 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent C. Traynelis
Keyword(s):  
Medical Condition ◽  
Clinical Results ◽  
Primary Therapy ◽  
Spinal Disease ◽  
Current Group ◽  
Spinal Motion ◽  
Improved Outcomes ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Spinal Arthroplasty ◽  
Degenerative Spinal Disease

Symptomatic degenerative spinal disease is a serious medical condition that affects many individuals. Modern neuroimaging modalities, the development of new medications, and advances in operative and nonoperative treatments have all contributed to improved outcomes. Unfortunately, there remain a significant number of patients in whom primary therapy either fails or new or recurrent symptoms develop over time. The last decade has witnessed the invention of devices designed to reconstruct the spinal motion segment. These devices can be divided into those that primarily function to replace a nucleus pulposus and those that completely replace the disc complex. In this article the author reviews the background leading to the development of the current group of disc replacements. The design and preliminary clinical results obtained using major lumbar and cervical devices are also reviewed.

scholarly journals Emotion Recognition Based on Skin Potential Signals with a Portable Wireless Device

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 1018
Author(s):  
Shuhao Chen ◽  
Ke Jiang ◽  
Haoji Hu ◽  
Haoze Kuang ◽  
Jianyi Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Recognition ◽  
Middle Finger ◽  
Physiological Signals ◽  
Gradient Boosting ◽  
Systematic Research ◽  
Skin Potential ◽  
Left Wrist ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Induction Experiment ◽  
Wireless Device

Emotion recognition is of great importance for artificial intelligence, robots, and medicine etc. Although many techniques have been developed for emotion recognition, with certain successes, they rely heavily on complicated and expensive equipment. Skin potential (SP) has been recognized to be correlated with human emotions for a long time, but has been largely ignored due to the lack of systematic research. In this paper, we propose a single SP-signal-based method for emotion recognition. Firstly, we developed a portable wireless device to measure the SP signal between the middle finger and left wrist. Then, a video induction experiment was designed to stimulate four kinds of typical emotion (happiness, sadness, anger, fear) in 26 subjects. Based on the device and video induction, we obtained a dataset consisting of 397 emotion samples. We extracted 29 features from each of the emotion samples and used eight well-established algorithms to classify the four emotions based on these features. Experimental results show that the gradient-boosting decision tree (GBDT), logistic regression (LR) and random forest (RF) algorithms achieved the highest accuracy of 75%. The obtained accuracy is similar to, or even better than, that of other methods using multiple physiological signals. Our research demonstrates the feasibility of the SP signal’s integration into existing physiological signals for emotion recognition.

Supporting Oral Feeding Skills Through Bottle Selection

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin Ross ◽  
Lauren Fuhrman
Keyword(s):  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Oral Feeding ◽  
Primary Therapy ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Feeding Difficulties ◽  
Optimal Flow ◽  
Young Infants ◽  
Feeding Skills ◽  
Major Consideration

Infants who have feeding difficulties often struggle with coordinating sucking, swallowing, and breathing, and have difficulty eating sufficient quantities for adequate growth. Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) need advanced expertise across a number of areas (e.g., development, medical, swallowing) to work effectively with these young infants, and they use a variety of strategies when treating this population. Therapists working with infants who have feeding difficulties use bottles as a primary therapy tool; how the infant tolerates the flow rate from the bottle/nipple is a major consideration. Caregivers must understand the influence of bottle/nipple flow rates on eating skills, so they can support the emerging oral skill development for these fragile infants, and help parents decide what bottle system to use in their home. Both infant and equipment factors influence bottle/nipple flow rates. This article discusses the influencing factors that need to be considered when determining the optimal flow rate for an individual infant.

A New Shunt System with Non-Invasive Flow Rate Regulation and Pressure Measurement

Hydrocephalus ◽  
1991 ◽  
pp. 422-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takuo Hashimoto ◽  
Norio Nakamura ◽  
Toshinori Kanki ◽  
Hideaki Shimazu ◽  
Ken-ichi Yamakoshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Pressure Measurement ◽  
Shunt System ◽  
Rate Regulation ◽  
Non Invasive

The Effect of Water Flow Rate on Zooplankton and Its Role in Phosphorus Cycling in Small Impoundments

1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 35-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Ejsmont-Karabin ◽  
T. Weglenska ◽  
R. J. Wisniewski
Keyword(s):  
Water Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Water Exchange ◽  
Water Flow Rate ◽  
Turnover Time ◽  
Running Waters ◽  
Effect Of Water ◽  
Phosphorus Regeneration ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Zooplankton Communities

The attempt was made to determine the effect of water flow rate on Zooplankton density, trophic structure and the role of phosphorus regeneration by Zooplankton in phosphorus sedimentation in four impoundments with a water exchange from less than 10 hours to 8-12 days. Formation of stagnant environments together with the increasing time of water exchange in impoundments created good conditions for development of Zooplankton communities. As a result, the rate of phosphorus regeneration was higher and the turnover time of the total and seston phosphorus was shorter in impoundments than in streams above impoundments. A hypothesis that the stations with a long time of water exchange could be a kind of a trap for nutrients excluded from cycling in running waters is validated.

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