scholarly journals Vulnerability and Impact Analysis of the IEC 61850 GOOSE Protocol in the Smart Grid

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1554
Author(s):  
Haftu Tasew Reda ◽  
Biplob Ray ◽  
Pejman Peidaee ◽  
Adnan Anwar ◽  
Abdun Mahmood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Network Architecture ◽  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Security Vulnerabilities ◽  
Iec 61850 ◽  
Industry Standard ◽  
Time Simulation ◽  
Electrical Substation ◽  
Smart Grid Communication

IEC 61850 is one of the most prominent communication standards adopted by the smart grid community due to its high scalability, multi-vendor interoperability, and support for several input/output devices. Generic Object-Oriented Substation Events (GOOSE), which is a widely used communication protocol defined in IEC 61850, provides reliable and fast transmission of events for the electrical substation system. This paper investigates the security vulnerabilities of this protocol and analyzes the potential impact on the smart grid by rigorously analyzing the security of the GOOSE protocol using an automated process and identifying vulnerabilities in the context of smart grid communication. The vulnerabilities are tested using a real-time simulation and industry standard hardware-in-the-loop emulation. An in-depth experimental analysis is performed to demonstrate and verify the security weakness of the GOOSE publish-subscribe protocol towards the substation protection within the smart grid setup. It is observed that an adversary who might have familiarity with the substation network architecture can create falsified attack scenarios that can affect the physical operation of the power system. Extensive experiments using the real-time testbed validate the theoretical analysis, and the obtained experimental results prove that the GOOSE-based IEC 61850 compliant substation system is vulnerable to attacks from malicious intruders.

scholarly journals A Survey on Vulnerabilities and Countermeasures in the Communications of the Smart Grid

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (16) ◽  
pp. 1881
Author(s):  
Jesús Lázaro ◽  
Armando Astarloa ◽  
Mikel Rodríguez ◽  
Unai Bidarte ◽  
Jaime Jiménez
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Real Time ◽  
International Electrotechnical Commission ◽  
Communication Infrastructure ◽  
Iec 61850 ◽  
Best Effort ◽  
Electrical Grid ◽  
Informational Technology ◽  
Iec 62351 ◽  
Time Critical

Since the 1990s, the digitalization process has transformed the communication infrastructure within the electrical grid: proprietary infrastructures and protocols have been replaced by the IEC 61850 approach, which realizes interoperability among vendors. Furthermore, the latest networking solutions merge operational technologies (OTs) and informational technology (IT) traffics in the same media, such as time-sensitive networking (TSN)—standard, interoperable, deterministic, and Ethernet-based. It merges OT and IT worlds by defining three basic traffic types: scheduled, best-effort, and reserved traffic. However, TSN demands security against potential new cyberattacks, primarily, to protect real-time critical messages. Consequently, security in the smart grid has turned into a hot topic under regulation, standardization, and business. This survey collects vulnerabilities of the communication in the smart grid and reveals security mechanisms introduced by international electrotechnical commission (IEC) 62351-6 and how to apply them to time-sensitive networking.

Intelligent Design" Real-Time Simulation for Smart Grid Control and Communications Design

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Anderson ◽  
Chuanlin Zhao ◽  
C. Hauser ◽  
V. Venkatasubramanian ◽  
D. Bakken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Intelligent Design ◽  
Real Time Simulation ◽  
Time Simulation

scholarly journals Remote Laboratory Testing Demonstration

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 2283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigi Pellegrino ◽  
Carlo Sandroni ◽  
Enea Bionda ◽  
Daniele Pala ◽  
Dimitris T. Lagos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Voltage Controller ◽  
Time Simulation ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Load Tap Changer

The complexity of a smart grid with a high share of renewable energy resources introduces several issues in testing power equipment and controls. In this context, real-time simulation and Hardware in the Loop (HIL) techniques can tackle these problems that are typical for power system testing. However, implementing a convoluted HIL setup in a single infrastructure can be physically impossible or can increase the time required to test a smart grid application in detail. This paper introduces the Joint Test Facility for Smart Energy Networks with Distributed Energy Resources (JaNDER) that allows users to exchange data in real-time between two or more infrastructures. This tool enables the integration of infrastructures, exploiting the synergies between them, and creating a virtual infrastructure that can perform more experiments using a combination of the resources installed in each infrastructure. In particular, JaNDER can extend a HIL setup. In order to validate this new testing concept, a coordinated voltage controller has been tested in a Controller HIL setup where JaNDER was used to interact with an actual On Load Tap Changer (OLTC) controller located in a remote infrastructure. The results show that the latency introduced by JaNDER is not critical; hence, under certain circumstances, it can be used to expand the real-time testing without affecting the stability of the experiment.

scholarly journals Overview of Real-Time Simulation as a Supporting Effort to Smart-Grid Attainment

Energies ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Ibarra ◽  
Antonio Rosales ◽  
Pedro Ponce ◽  
Arturo Molina ◽  
Raja Ayyanar
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Simulation ◽  
Time Simulation

scholarly journals Smart Grid communication applications: measurement equipment and networks architecture for data and energy flow

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Tinton Dwi Atmaja ◽  
Dian Andriani ◽  
Rudi Darussalam
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Energy Flow ◽  
Network Architecture ◽  
Data Rate ◽  
Area Measurement ◽  
Wide Area ◽  
Measurement Unit ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Measurement Equipment ◽  
Smart Grid Communication

Smart Grid is an advanced two way data and energy flow capable of self-healing, adaptive, resilient, and sustainable with prediction capability of possible fault. This article aimed to disclose Smart Grid communication in a logical way to facilitate the understanding of each component function. The study was focused on the improvement, advantages, common used design, and possible feature of Smart Grid communication components. The results of the study divide the Smart Grid communication application into two main category i.e. measurement equipment and network architecture. Measurement equipment consists of Advance Metering Infrastructure, Phasor Measurement Unit, Intelligent Electronic Devices, and Wide Area Measurement System. The network architecture is divided based on three hierarchies; local area network for 1 to 100 m with 100 kbps data rate, neighbour area network for 100 m to 10 km with 100 Mbps data rate, and wide area network for up to 100 km with 1 Gbps data rate. More information is provided regarding the routing protocol for each network from various available protocols. The final section presents the energy and data flow architecture for Smart Grid implementation based on the measurement equipment and the network suitability. This article is expected to provide a comprehensive guide and comparison surrounding the technologies supporting Smart Grid implementation especially on communication applications.

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