scholarly journals A New Perspective on Low-Cost MEMS-Based AHRS Determination

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1383
Author(s):  
Neda Navidi ◽  
Rene Landry
Keyword(s):  
Reference System ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Navigation Systems ◽  
Adaptive Kalman Filter ◽  
Initial Attitude ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
And Control ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

Attitude and heading reference system (AHRS) is the term used to describe a rigid body’s angular orientation in three-dimensional space. This paper describes an AHRS determination and control system developed for navigation systems by integrating gyroscopes, accelerometers, and magnetometers signals from low-cost MEMS-based sensors in a complementary adaptive Kalman filter. AHRS estimation based on the iterative Kalman filtering process is required to be initialized first. A new method for AHRS initialization is proposed to improve the accuracy of the initial attitude estimates. Attitude estimates derived from the initialization and iterative adaptive filtering processes are compared with the orientation obtained from a high-end reference system. The improvement in the accuracy of the initial orientation as significant as 45% is obtained from the proposed method as compared with other selected techniques. Additionally, the computational process is reduced by 96%.

scholarly journals TINJAUAN VISUAL PADA PERMAINAN DIGITAL INDONESIA BERJUDUL “DREADOUT”

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadya Nadya ◽  
Hadi Saputra
Keyword(s):  
User Interface ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Game Development ◽  
Visual Research ◽  
Digital Era ◽  
3D Game ◽  
Local Companies ◽  
And Control ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

<p><em>Game development is growing rapidly in this digital era. The graphic is also increasing more and more, especially in Three Dimensional space (3D). 3D game development is spreading around Indonesia. Now there are more local companies which making 3D games. Indonesia is one of the countries in Southeast Asia that have good enough game revenue to be the biggest one. One of the popular genre in Indonesia is survival horror. That’s because horror Indonesian stories is still have many unsolved mysterious things which can attract either domestic or foreign society. This study is including research about visualization such as 3D object from the environments and character designs. Furthermore, game also getting influenced with its system which is played by user, and its storytelling as well. The game’s layout (user interface) will categorized as a good one if it match with its theme and being consistent in visual and control. Good game must paying attention with all of those points. The conclusion of this research is to prove if 3D survival horror game visualization in Indonesia can be rated good enough in creative game industries.</em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords:</em></strong></p><p><em>Game, Survival Horror, Visual Research</em></p>

Research on Mass Partition Coefficient for a Whole Car under Vertical and Lateral Road Excitations

2010 ◽  
Vol 29-32 ◽  
pp. 177-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Long Wu
Keyword(s):  
Partition Coefficient ◽  
Physical Model ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Force Analysis ◽  
Analytical Results ◽  
Dynamical Coupling ◽  
And Control ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

Consider the imperfectness of mass partition coefficient for a whole car in automotive theories, a vehicle physical model with fourteen degree of freedoms under vertical and lateral road excitations is adopted as research background in this paper. With the help of force analysis of sprung mass in three dimensional space and investigations on vertical, lateral, pitch, roll and yaw motions, the ration relations of dynamical coupling between a whole suspension and four quarter suspensions are deduced and achieved. The analytical results obtained in this paper develop the theoretical content of mass partition coefficient. It will be utilized to analyze, test and control among different car suspensions in the fields of vibration, handling and steering systems in future.

scholarly journals Mental Rotation in Human Infants

2008 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 1063-1066 ◽  
Author(s):  
David S. Moore ◽  
Scott P. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Mental Rotation ◽  
Sex Difference ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Familiar Object ◽  
Mirror Image ◽  
Human Infants ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

A sex difference on mental-rotation tasks has been demonstrated repeatedly, but not in children less than 4 years of age. To demonstrate mental rotation in human infants, we habituated 5-month-old infants to an object revolving through a 240° angle. In successive test trials, infants saw the habituation object or its mirror image revolving through a previously unseen 120° angle. Only the male infants appeared to recognize the familiar object from the new perspective, a feat requiring mental rotation. These data provide evidence for a sex difference in mental rotation of an object through three-dimensional space, consistently seen in adult populations.

scholarly journals Design and Implementation of a 3-Dimensional Attitudes Estimator Device using Low Cost Accelerometer & Gyroscope with Microcontroller IDE

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-161
Author(s):  
M. RAJA ◽  
Ugur GUVEN ◽  
Kartikay SINGH
Keyword(s):  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Aerospace Applications ◽  
Vector Quantity ◽  
Measurement Units ◽  
Fixed Axis ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

Navigation and guidance systems for most automobile as well as aerospace applications require a coupled chip setup known as Inertial Measurement Units (IMU) which, depending on the degree of freedoms, contains a Gyroscope (for maintaining orientation and angular velocity), Accelerometers (to determine acceleration in the respective direction) and a Magnetometer (to determine the respective magnetic fields). In the three-dimensional space, any required rotation analysis is limited to the coordinate systems and all subtended angles in either direction must be defined by a fixed axis to effectively estimate the stability and to define all the attitude estimates needed to compile different rotations and orientations. The Quaternions are mathematical notations used for defining rotations and orientation in three-dimensional space. The simplest terms Quaternions are impossible to visualize in a three-dimensional space; the first three terms will be identical to the coordinate system, but through Quaternions another vector quantity is added into the equations, which may in fact underline how we can account for all rotational quantities. The fundamental analysis of these components different applications for various fields is proposed.

Estimating the accuracy of geodetic controlling bridge cranes’ tracks complex method

2019 ◽  
Vol 944 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
G.A. Shekhovtsov
Keyword(s):  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Radius Vector ◽  
Complex Method ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Track Width ◽  
Total Station ◽  
And Control ◽  
Mean Square Errors ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

The method of using the electronic total station for a complex method of geodetic controlling tracks of bridge cranes is explained. This technique provides for the direct determining the x, y, z coordinates of the crane rails axial points in the controlled section of the track from one point of the total station. The values of x and y can calculate the track width and control the straightness of the rails, and the values of z to find the excess between the rail points in the row and span. Estimating the accuracy of such control’s results by obtaining the covariance matrix of coordinate errors is shown. It is noted that this form of accuracy representation is not clear enough, depends on the orientation of the coordinate axes and is not informative. The article proposes a simple method of assessing the accuracy of survey points in the directions oriented relative to crane tracks. This technique is based on the geometric interpreting the error of the defined points’ position using the circles of mean square errors, which can be constructed in any plane of three-dimensional space. By the radius-vector of these circles the MSE point defined can be judged in any given direction. On the example of estimating the accuracy of the track crane’s track width the iconic modeling is made, which confirmed the simplicity, reliability, accessibility and meaningfulness of the proposed methodology.

Modeling of Looping Behavior in a Flexible Instrument Using a Bélzier Curve

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shobhit Singhal ◽  
Jitendra P. Khatait
Keyword(s):  
Strain Energy ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Plane Deformation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Flexible Instrument ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Minimum Strain Energy ◽  
And Control ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

Abstract Flexible medical instruments undergo looping during insertion and navigation inside the human body. It makes the control of the distal end difficult and raises safety concerns. This paper proposes the minimum strain energy concept to get the deformed shape of a flexible instrument in three-dimensional space. A B\'{e}zier curve is used to define the trajectory of the deformed shape under different loading conditions and constraints. Looping behavior is studied for different end shortening conditions. The effect of end twist on looping behavior is studied. It is observed that end twist leads to early onset of out of plane deformation leading to looping. The strain energy plot gives an insight into the behavior of these instruments with respect to end shortening and twist. The strain energy plot shows the minimum value for $2\pi$ end twist. Therefore, the instrument tends to go for looping if the end twist is present. Force and torque characteristics are obtained which will lead to the design and control of these instruments. Force and torque plots show negative stiffness when the instrument is going for looping. The un-looping phenomenon is also discussed and a strategy is proposed to mitigate looping. The proposed modeling approach can be utilized to address the complex behavior of a flexible instrument in medical as well as in other industrial applications. The insight developed will help in designing and developing control for safe and reliable usage of flexible instruments in various domains.

scholarly journals TIMESTAMP OFFSET DETERMINATION BETWEEN AN ACTUATED LASER SCANNER AND ITS CORRESPONDING MOTOR

2017 ◽  
Vol IV-1/W1 ◽  
pp. 99-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Voges ◽  
C. S. Wieghardt ◽  
B. Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Data Acquisition ◽  
Point Cloud ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
3D Data ◽  
Laser Scanners ◽  
Slam Algorithm ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

Motor actuated 2D laser scanners are key sensors for many robotics applications that need wide ranging but low cost 3D data. There exist many approaches on how to build a 3D laser scanner using this technique, but they often lack proper synchronization for the timestamps of the actuator and the laser scanner. However, to transform the measurement points into three-dimensional space an appropriate synchronization is mandatory. Thus, we propose two different approaches to accomplish the goal of calculating timestamp offsets between laser scanner and motor prior to and after data acquisition. Both approaches use parts of a SLAM algorithm but apply different criteria to find an appropriate solution. While the approach for offset calculation prior to data acquisition exploits the fact that the SLAM algorithm should not register motion for a stationary system, the approach for offset calculation after data acquisition evaluates the perceived clarity of a point cloud created by the SLAM algorithm. Our experiments show that both approaches yield the same results although operating independently on different data, which demonstrates that the results reflect reality with a high probability. Furthermore, our experiments exhibit the significance of a proper synchronization between laser scanner and actuator.

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