scholarly journals Analysis and Validation of Ultrasonic Probes in Liquid Level Monitoring Systems

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1320
Author(s):  
Wanjia Gao ◽  
Wenyi Liu ◽  
Fei Li ◽  
Yanjun Hu
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Level ◽  
Wave Excitation ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Average Deviation ◽  
Ultrasonic Probe ◽  
Reflection And Transmission ◽  
Excitation Signal ◽  
Parameters Selection ◽  
Simulation And Experiment ◽  
Level Monitoring

Selecting and designing the optimum ultrasonic probe is vital for ultrasonic measurements and experiments. The amplitude of the emitted ultrasonic wave excitation signal as well as the diameter and the natural frequency of the probe seriously affect the validity of the probe results. In this paper, we analyze the significance of the key parameters of the ultrasonic probe theoretically. Further, an external fixed-point liquid level monitoring system was assembled according to the principle of ultrasonic reflection and transmission. On this experimental platform, we study the key parameters of the ultrasonic probe that affect the system evaluation through a simulation and experiment, and select the optimal sensor parameters for this experiment. The evaluations show that under the experimental conditions where the tested container is made of aluminum alloy and its wall thickness is 3 mm, the best results are obtained when the diameter of the ultrasonic sensor is 15 mm, the amplitude of the emitted excitation signal is ±15 V, and the frequency is 1 MHz. The results’ average deviation is less than ±0.22 V. The evaluations are consistent with the simulation results. This research can effectively monitor the liquid in the closed, ultra-thin-walled container, and can realize non-contact measurement. It provides an effective basis for the parameters selection and design of the ultrasonic probe in the ultrasonic-based experiments and tests.

scholarly journals Study of Ultrasonic Near-Field Region in Ultrasonic Liquid-Level Monitoring System

Micromachines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 763
Author(s):  
Wanjia Gao ◽  
Wenyi Liu ◽  
Yanjun Hu ◽  
Jun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Near Field ◽  
Liquid Level ◽  
Minimum Length ◽  
Ultrasonic Probe ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Probe Diameter ◽  
Blind Area ◽  
Near Field Effect ◽  
Level Monitoring ◽  
Buffer Block

In the method of monitoring the liquid level based on ultrasonic impedance, the near-field effect can seriously affect the validity of the results. In this paper, we explore the factors affecting the length of the ultrasonic near field. Based on that, we propose the optimal length and the minimum length of the buffer block to avoid the near field. The evaluations show that when the parameters of the ultrasonic probe are 15 mm in diameter, 1 MHz in frequency, and ±15 V in emitted ultrasonic wave amplitude, the best results are obtained when the length of the buffer block is 22 mm. When the probe diameter is 10 mm, the buffer block length should be ≥5 mm to ensure the validity of the measured results. The evaluation precision is 1 mm. This research can effectively avoid the blind area of emitted waves when using ultrasonic to measure the liquid level. It provides an effective basis for the selection and design of ultrasonic probes.

Design of a Sensor System Using Fiber Bragg Grating for Liquid Level and Liquid Density Measurement

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 889-893
Author(s):  
Kalyan Biswas
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Bragg Grating ◽  
Density Measurement ◽  
Sensor System ◽  
Liquid Level ◽  
Bragg Grating ◽  
Liquid Density ◽  
Bragg Wavelength ◽  
Sensing System ◽  
System A ◽  
Level Monitoring

In this work, a simple but versatile sensing system for very accurate sensing of liquid level and liquid density is presented. The sensor works based on basic strain sensitivity of Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) and principle of liquid obeying Archimedes’ law of buoyancy. In this system, a cylindrical shaped mass suspended from a Fiber Bragg Grating and partially immersed in the liquid to be sensed. If the liquid level in the container or liquid density varies, that change the up thrust on the suspended mass and load on the Fiber will be changed accordingly. The change in the load on Fiber changes strain on the FBG and the reflected Bragg wavelength also changes. The proposed device with proper calibration should be able to carry out real time and nonstop liquid level and liquid density measurements. A mathematical analysis of the system considering liquid properties and geometrical structure of the suspended mass is presented here. Sensitivity of the system for liquid level monitoring is also reported. Achieved results shows the path for the utilization of the proposed sensor system for precise liquid density measurement and liquid level sensing in very large storage tanks used for commercial/residential applications.

Studies on Effect of Corrosion for the Selection of Material of Self-Compensated Capacitive Type Liquid Level Sensor

2019 ◽  
Vol 895 ◽  
pp. 230-236
Author(s):  
C.S. Suresh Babu ◽  
Premila Manohar
Keyword(s):  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Threshold Level ◽  
Liquid Level ◽  
Corrosive Environment ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Suitable Material ◽  
Level Sensor ◽  
Liquid Level Sensor ◽  
Level Monitoring ◽  
Selection Of

This work deals with the design of fringe capacitance based non-contact type liquid level sensor employing self-compensation feature. The existing capacitive type sensors require additional compensation to overcome the problem of various stray capacitances, specifically due to atmospheric corrosion. This paper emphasizes on the selection of suitable material to accomplish the self-compensation feature in corrosive environment. Rate of attack of corrosion is studied on Copper (Cu) and Aluminium (Al) samples under drizzling environment. Visual Analysis of SEM images of samples exposed for different durations reveal that Al protects itself from the corrosion. Further, performance evaluation of two sensor units with Cu and Al electrodes under the same drizzling environment beside the respective samples indicate that sensor with Al electrodes facilitates the feature of self-compensation in corrosive environment. Further, the sensor is interfaced with Siemens PLC-S200 for liquid threshold level monitoring.

Low-Cost and High-Performance Optical Fiber-Based Sensor for Liquid Level Monitoring

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (13) ◽  
pp. 4882-4888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joana Martins ◽  
Camilo A. R. Diaz ◽  
M. Fatima Domingues ◽  
Rute A. S. Ferreira ◽  
Paulo Antunes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fiber ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Liquid Level ◽  
Level Monitoring

scholarly journals Disturbance Observer-Based Integral Backstepping Control for a Two-Tank Liquid Level System Subject to External Disturbances

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangxiang Meng ◽  
Haisheng Yu ◽  
Herong Wu ◽  
Tao Xu
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategy ◽  
Disturbance Observer ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Sliding Mode ◽  
Mass Conservation ◽  
Backstepping Control ◽  
Liquid Level ◽  
Level System ◽  
External Disturbances ◽  
Simulation And Experiment

A novel method of disturbance observer-based integral backstepping control is proposed for the two-tank liquid level system with external disturbances. The problem of external disturbances can be settled in this paper. Firstly, the mathematical model of the two-tank liquid level system is established based on fluid mechanics and principle of mass conservation. Secondly, an integral backstepping control strategy is designed in order to ensure liquid level tracking performance by making the tracking errors converge to zero in finite time. Thirdly, a disturbance observer is designed for the two-tank liquid level system with external disturbances. Finally, the validity of the proposed method is verified by simulation and experiment. By doing so, the simulation and experimental results prove that the scheme of disturbance observer-based integral backstepping control strategy can suppress external disturbances more effective than the disturbance observer-based sliding mode control method and has better dynamic and steady performance of the two-tank liquid level system.

The liquid level monitoring with sub-millimeter resolution by discrete wavelength sampling method

2018 ◽  
Vol 282 ◽  
pp. 237-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heng Yi ◽  
Jun Xu ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
Ying Wu ◽  
Ke Li
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Method ◽  
Liquid Level ◽  
Level Monitoring

A novel FBG sensor for accurate and real time liquid level monitoring

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Consales ◽  
S. Principe ◽  
A. Iele ◽  
M. Leone ◽  
H. Zaraket ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Liquid Level ◽  
Fbg Sensor ◽  
Level Monitoring

Liquid level monitoring

1991 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 1482-1482 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Telford
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Level ◽  
Level Monitoring
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