scholarly journals Smart Wearables for Cardiac Autonomic Monitoring in Isolated, Confined and Extreme Environments: A Perspective from Field Research in Antarctica

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1303
Author(s):  
Michele M. Moraes ◽  
Thiago T. Mendes ◽  
Rosa M. E. Arantes
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Extreme Environment ◽  
Energy Restriction ◽  
Summer Camps ◽  
Cardiac Monitoring ◽  
Health Tracking ◽  
Snow Water ◽  
The Antarctic

Antarctica is a space-analog ICE (isolated, cold, and extreme) environment. Cardiovascular and heart autonomic adjustments are key-adaptive physiological responses to Antarctica, both in summer camps and in research stations winter-over. Research fieldwork in ICE environments imposes limitations such as energy restriction, the need for portable and easy-to-handle resources, and resistance of materials to cold and snow/water. Herein, we present the methods we use for cardiac monitoring in the Antarctic field, the limitations of the equipment currently available, and the specific demands for smart wearables to physiological and health tracking in ICE environments, including the increased remote monitoring demand due to COVID-19 restrictions.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTIPROLIFERATIVE ACTIVITIES OF ACTINOBACTERIA ISOLATED FROM THE SALINE LAGOONS OF NORTHWEST PERU

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rene Flores Clavo ◽  
Nataly Ruiz Quiñones ◽  
Álvaro Tasca Hernandez ◽  
Ana Lucia Tasca Gois Ruiz ◽  
Lucia Elaine de Oliveira Braga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Antiproliferative Activity ◽  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Extreme Environment ◽  
Small Cells ◽  
E Coli ◽  
The North ◽  
Salt Flats ◽  
Multiple Drugs ◽  
Antiproliferative Activities

AbstractThe unexplored saline lagoons of the north of Peru harbor a rich microbiome, due to reported studies of different extreme environments around the world. In these regions, there are several ecosystems and microhabitats not yet explored, and little is known about the diversity of actinobacteria and other microorganisms. We suggest that the endemic bacteria present in this extreme environment could be source of active molecules with anticancer, antimicrobial, antiparasitic properties. Using phenotypic and genotypic characterization techniques including the 16S rRNA were identified into the genera Streptomyces 39 (78%), Pseudonocardia 3 (6%), Staphylococcus 4 (8%), Bacillus 2 (4%), and Pseudomonas 2 (4%). All isolated bacteria for the genotypic data were preliminarily identified. Actinobacteria strains were found dominantly in both sites (Lagoon1-3 = 16 isolates and lagoon 4 = 12 isolates). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 28 isolates were exclusively affiliated to eleven different clusters of Actinobacteria of the major genus Streptomyces. Three Streptomyces sp. strains M-92, B-146, and B-81, were tested for antibacterial and antiproliferative activities. The results showed antiproliferative activities against three tumor cell lines, U251 glioma; MCF7 breast; NCI-H460 lung non-small type of cells, and the antibacterial activity to Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, E. coli ATCC 10536, and Acinetobacter baumanni AC-972 which is resistant to multiple drugs. The promising results belong to Streptomyces sp. B-81 strain in the R2A medium using a doxorubicin with control positive, the best result was from the latter (TGI = 0,57 µg/mL) for glioma; NCI-H460 lung of type non-small cells (TGI = 0,61 µg/mL), and breast cancer (TGI =0,80 µg/mL), this strain was selected to be fractionated because it had better antiproliferative and antibacterial activity, and its fractions were evaluated concerning antiproliferative activity against nine types of tumor cells and one non-tumor. The methanolic fraction showed a better result in the antiproliferative activity and was able to inhibit U251 (glioma) (TGI = 38.3 µg/mL), OVCAR-03 (ovary) (TGI = 62.1 µg/mL), and K562 (leukemia) (TGI = 81.5 µg/mL). The methanol 50% - acetate 50% fraction (Fraction 4) inhibited U251 (glioma) (TGI = 73.5 µg/mL) and UACC-62 (melanoma) (TGI = 89.4 µg/mL). Moreover, the UHPLC-MS/MS data and molecular networking of Streptomyces sp. B-81 isolate extract revealed the production cholic acid, Lobophorin A, Lobophorin B, Lobophorin E, Lobophorin K and compound 6. Extremophilic environments such as the Mórrope and Bayovar Salt Flats are promising sources of new bacteria with promising pharmaceutical potential; These compounds could be useful to treat various infectious diseases or even some type of cancer.

Multiple System Configurations in a 32-bit Extreme Environment

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 (HITEC) ◽  
pp. 000301-000306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael C. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Error Detection ◽  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Extreme Environment ◽  
Silicon On Insulator ◽  
Cmos Process ◽  
System A ◽  
External Sources ◽  
System Configurations ◽  
Simple Systems ◽  
Computational Systems

Full computational systems are needed at extreme environments (to 300°C) to increase functionality and reduce cost in the ever advancing oil/gas, geothermal, aeronautic, and automotive industries. Commercially available electronic components are not available to build a reliable system. A single microcontroller device can be used in systems of varying complexity, from small, mid, large, and multiprocessor scale. The 32-bit microcontroller will use a low power silicon-on-insulator CMOS process to increase long term reliability. Communication ports are provided to allow for simple systems with a single processor to complex multiprocessor systems with multiple controlled devices and external memory. As no adequate non-volatile solution is available for extreme conditions, multiple boot options are available to load instructions from external sources. Fault tolerance should be provided by system error detection. Battery backup must be provided for program and data retention. The resulting microcontroller will allow a wide variety of extreme environment systems, from simple to complex.

Adaptive response of extreme epiphyte Tillandsia species (Bromeliaceae) is demonstrated by different sexual reproduction strategies in the Brazilian Chaco

2019 ◽  
Vol 192 (4) ◽  
pp. 840-854
Author(s):  
Aline C Gomes ◽  
Bruno H S Ferreira ◽  
Camila S Souza ◽  
Luan M M Arakaki ◽  
Camila Aoki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breeding System ◽  
Reproductive Strategies ◽  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Extreme Environment ◽  
Floral Biology ◽  
Reproduction Strategies ◽  
Pollen Vectors ◽  
Self Compatibility ◽  
Floral Visitors ◽  
Selection For

Abstract Some epiphytes are adapted to extreme environments with the ability to survive drought as a result of their morphological (xeromorphism), anatomical (foliar trichomes or scales) and physiological features. In contrast to vegetative features, they may have diverse sexual reproductive strategies. Here we compared the flowering morphology, floral biology, breeding system and pollinators of Tillandsia duratii, T. loliacea and T. recurvifolia (Bromeliaceae) adapted to an extreme environment, the Brazilian Chaco. Tillandsia duratii and T. recurvifolia flower for 5–6 months, whereas T. loliaceae flowers for 11 months, mainly in the dry season, with low to high flowering overlap between them. Although these species generally show similar flowering morphology, they differ in size, colour, odour and/or floral functionality, suggesting non-sharing of pollinators among them. Bimodal pollination occurs in T. duratii (bees, moths other than hawkmoths) and T. recurvifolia (butterflies, hummingbirds); in T. loliacea, we recorded no floral visitors. Tillandsia recurvifolia is self-incompatible, has flowers which approach herkogamy and protandry, and depends on pollen vectors for fruit set. The other two species show reverse herkogamy, autonomous self-pollination and self-compatibility (mixed breeding system); therefore, pollinators are not required. The disparity in reproductive strategies among the three species suggests the possibility of selection for diverse modes of reproduction.

Microbial Ecology of Extreme Environments: Automobile Air Conditioning Systems

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (S2) ◽  
pp. 658-659
Author(s):  
R.B. Simmons ◽  
L.J. Rose ◽  
S.A. Crow ◽  
D.G. Ahearn
Keyword(s):  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis ◽  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Sick Building Syndrome ◽  
Extreme Environment ◽  
The United States ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Sick Building ◽  
Air Conditioning Systems ◽  
Automobile Air Conditioning

Automobile air conditioning systems (ACS) might be considered an extreme environment for many microorganisms. Organisms surviving and proliferating in these systems may be presented with temperature changes ranging from subzero to over 140°F, water activity from saturation to dryness and a nutrient complexity including varying levels of hydrocarbons. Microbial communities develop in ACS and sometimes proliferate to the extent of massive colonization and production of objectionable odors.In a few instances microorganisms emanating from ACS have been associated with hypersensitivity pneumonitis and other allergic reactions. Previously we demonstrated that foam insulation and glues, in particular, on ACS insulations were colonized by fungi such as Aspergillus, Aureobasidium, Cladosporium, and Penicillium. Such fungi often are implicated in colonization of similar substrates in buildings categorized with the sick building syndrome.A total of 42 ACS from the United States, Europe and Central America have been examined by cabin air sampling culture swab, direct microscopy or a combination of these techniques.

The Extreme Environment of High Altitude Gas Ballooning

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 1409-1413
Author(s):  
Nathan J. McNeese ◽  
Nancy J. Cooke ◽  
Steven Shope ◽  
Ashley Knobloch
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Research Team ◽  
Multiple Stressors ◽  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Extreme Environment ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Specific Work ◽  
Team Cognition ◽  
World Records

Extreme environments often profoundly impact one’s cognition and subsequently the ability to make accurate and correct decisions. Although we are beginning to understand how these environments impact individual and team cognition, more specific work conducted in real extreme environments is needed to further understand this relationship. In this paper, we present data collected in the extreme environment of gas ballooning. Recently, the Two Eagles gas ballooning project set two absolute world records: longest duration in a gas balloon and longest distance in a gas balloon. During this project, our research team was able to collect cognitive abilities data and data on the effects of multiple stressors in the environment. We present the overall project along with some insights from the data. We also highlight lessons learned from attempting to collect data in an extreme environment.

scholarly journals SENSITIVITY OF THE ANTARCTIC FISH Notothenia neglecta EXPERIMENTALY INTOXICATED WITH THE NON POLUTANT ANTICHOLINESTERASE AGENT MALATHION [O, O-Dimethyl S-(1,2-dicarbethoxyethyl) phosphorodithioate]

1998 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
NEUZA MARIA FERRAZ DE MELLO GONÇALVES ◽  
WILMA P. BASTOS-RAMOS ◽  
METRY BACILA
Keyword(s):  
Cholinesterase Activity ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Antarctic Fish ◽  
Serum Cholinesterase ◽  
Behavior Changes ◽  
Fresh Water Fish ◽  
Body Color ◽  
Anticholinesterase Agent ◽  
Water Fish ◽  
The Antarctic

Foi levada a efeito um estudo sobre a sensibilidade do peixe antártico Notothenia neglecta ao agente anticolinesterásico não poluente Malathion [O-O-dimetil S-(1,2-dicarbetoxietil) fosforoditioato]. Especimens de N. neglecta foram injetados com Malathion em doses de 15 ou 30 mg/kg de peso corpóreo e observados durante dez dias. O experimento foi monitorado pela determinação da atividade anticolinesterásica sérica bem como pela observação da depressão respiratória, pelo comportamento catatônico dos animais, pela mudança da coloração corpórea e pelas respostas colinérgicas muscarínicas. Os resultados desse experimento mostraram que a N. neglecta é significantemente mais sensível ao Malathion do que o peixe de água doce Oreochomis niloticus. Ao final do experimento todo o material utilizado foi cuidadosamente embalado e transportado para nossos laboratórios no Brasil. Abstract A research has been carried out on the sensitivity of the Antarctic fish Notothenia neglecta towards the non-pollutant anticholinesterase agent Malathion [O,O-dimethyl S-(1,2-dicarbethoxyethyl) phosphorodithioate]. Specimens of N. neglecta were injected with Malathion in doses of 15 or 30 mg/kgbw and observed regarding their behavior, somatic and physiological responses during ten days. They were monitored by the assay of serum cholinesterase activity as well as by the observation of respiratory depression and by the catatonic behavior, changes of body color and cholinergic muscarinic responses. Results of this experiment showed that N. neglecta is significantly more sensitive to Malathion as compared to the fresh water fish Oreochomis niloticus. At the end of the experiment all waste material was packed up and carried to our laboratories back home.

Physiological reactions to cold of men in the Antarctic

1964 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 593-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. Wyndham ◽  
R. Plotkin ◽  
A. Munro
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Cold Adaptation ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Climatic Chamber ◽  
Thermoneutral Zone ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
Physiological Reactions ◽  
Average Skin ◽  
Skin Temperatures

The physiological reactions to cold of five members of the 1961–1962 South African expedition to the Antarctic were studied in a climatic chamber in Johannesburg, and again after 6 months and after 12 months in the Antarctic. Their results were compared with the results of a control group in Johannesburg. The predeparture results were within the 95% significance intervals of the control group. After 12 months in the Antarctic their results fell outside the 95% significance intervals of the control group when at 5 C air temperature, metabolism, average skin temperatures, rectal temperatures, and finger temperatures were all significantly lower. Toe temperatures, however, were higher. There appeared to be a gradual “adaptation” and general “toughening” to the cold, because the subjects shed their clothing progressively until they could run about naked in the snow. The values at the thermoneutral zone of 27 C did not change over the 12 months, however. It is therefore concluded that it is unlikely that the changes in physiological responses were of endocrine origin. cold adaptation in Antarctic; metabolic and body temperature reactions to cold Submitted on August 16, 1963

Finite Element Analysis of Guyed Offshore Monotower Subjected to Extreme Environment in Malaysian Water

2014 ◽  
Vol 711 ◽  
pp. 535-541
Author(s):  
Mohd Affiq Jamaluddin ◽  
Mohd Shahir Liew ◽  
Kurian V. John ◽  
Lee Hsiu Eik
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Wave Theory ◽  
Extreme Environment ◽  
Response Analysis ◽  
Environmental Load ◽  
Free Standing ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Wave Kinematics ◽  
Fifth Order

This paper presents the finite element structural sensitivity analysis of a cable guyed monotower known as the Tarpon Monopod when subjected to extreme environments in Malaysian waters. A hydrodynamic loading and static platform response analysis is performed in SACS v5.3 to gauge the structural robustness in extreme Malaysian metocean conditions. A Stokes Fifth Order Wave Theory was employed to obtain wave kinematics and dynamics for load computation. The Tarpon Monopod design is reviewed generically. An actual platform located in 60m water depth within Malaysian waters is modelled for analysis. Four different guying cable scenarios are considered which are the fully guyed condition (three guy cables pinned), two guy cables condition (one wire loss), one guy cable condition (two wire loss) and free standing condition (total loss of guy wires) are presented. The environmental load sets are simulated at different headings using 45 degree steps. The results suggest that the structural caisson contributes little to the lateral stiffness of the platform. The Tarpon Monopod has little structural redundancy and its integrity is highly dependent on guy wire condition and environmental load headings.

scholarly journals Adrenocortical stress responses influence an invasive vertebrate's fitness in an extreme environment

2013 ◽  
Vol 280 (1768) ◽  
pp. 20131444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim S. Jessop ◽  
Mike Letnic ◽  
Jonathan K. Webb ◽  
Tim Dempster
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Range Expansion ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Extreme Environment ◽  
Evaporative Water ◽  
Hot Dry Season ◽  
Adrenocortical Stress Response

Continued range expansion into physiologically challenging environments requires invasive species to maintain adaptive phenotypic performance. The adrenocortical stress response, governed in part by glucocorticoid hormones, influences physiological and behavioural responses of vertebrates to environmental stressors. However, any adaptive role of this response in invasive populations that are expanding into extreme environments is currently unclear. We experimentally manipulated the adrenocortical stress response of invasive cane toads ( Rhinella marina ) to investigate its effect on phenotypic performance and fitness at the species' range front in the Tanami Desert, Australia. Here, toads are vulnerable to overheating and dehydration during the annual hot–dry season and display elevated plasma corticosterone levels indicative of severe environmental stress. By comparing unmanipulated control toads with toads whose adrenocortical stress response was manipulated to increase acute physiological stress responsiveness, we found that control toads had significantly reduced daily evaporative water loss and higher survival relative to the experimental animals. The adrenocortical stress response hence appears essential in facilitating complex phenotypic performance and setting fitness trajectories of individuals from invasive species during range expansion.

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