scholarly journals Transrectal Ultrasound and Photoacoustic Imaging Probe for Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1217
Author(s):  
Jihun Jang ◽  
Jinwoo Kim ◽  
Hak Jong Lee ◽  
Jin Ho Chang
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Printed Circuit Board ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Photoacoustic Imaging ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Transrectal Ultrasound ◽  
Circuit Board ◽  
Optical Lens ◽  
Imaging Probe

A combined transrectal ultrasound and photoacoustic (TRUS–PA) imaging probe was developed for the clear visualization of morphological changes and microvasculature distribution in the prostate, as this is required for accurate diagnosis and biopsy. The probe consisted of a miniaturized 128-element 7 MHz convex array transducer with 134.5° field-of-view (FOV), a bifurcated optical fiber bundle, and two optical lenses. The design goal was to make the size of the TRUS–PA probe similar to that of general TRUS probes (i.e., about 20 mm), for the convenience of the patients. New flexible printed circuit board (FPCB), acoustic structure, and optical lens were developed to meet the requirement of the probe size, as well as to realize a high-performance TRUS–PA probe. In visual assessment, the PA signals obtained with the optical lens were 2.98 times higher than those without the lens. Moreover, the in vivo experiment with the xenograft BALB/c (Albino, Immunodeficient Inbred Strain) mouse model showed that TRUS–PA probe was able to acquire the entire PA image of the mouse tight behind the porcine intestine about 25 mm depth. From the ex vivo and in vivo experimental results, it can be concluded that the developed TRUS–PA probe is capable of improving PA image quality, even though the TRUS–PA probe has a cross-section size and an FOV comparable to those of general TRUS probes.

scholarly journals A Self-Powered Nanogenerator for the Electrical Protection of Integrated Circuits from Trace Amounts of Liquid

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhuang Hui ◽  
Ming Xiao ◽  
Daozhi Shen ◽  
Jiayun Feng ◽  
Peng Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Printed Circuit Board ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Circuit Board ◽  
Self Powered

Abstract With the increase in the use of electronic devices in many different environments, a need has arisen for an easily implemented method for the rapid, sensitive detection of liquids in the vicinity of electronic components. In this work, a high-performance power generator that combines carbon nanoparticles and TiO2 nanowires has been fabricated by sequential electrophoretic deposition (EPD). The open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current of a single generator are found to exceed 0.7 V and 100 μA when 6 μL of water was applied. The generator is also found to have a stable and reproducible response to other liquids. An output voltage of 0.3 V was obtained after 244, 876, 931, and 184 μs, on exposure of the generator to 6 μL of water, ethanol, acetone, and methanol, respectively. The fast response time and high sensitivity to liquids show that the device has great potential for the detection of small quantities of liquid. In addition, the simple easily implemented sequential EPD method ensures the high mechanical strength of the device. This compact, reliable device provides a new method for the sensitive, rapid detection of extraneous liquids before they can impact the performance of electronic circuits, particularly those on printed circuit board.

scholarly journals Rationally Designing Simple Rod-Like Amphiphilic NIR-Emissive AIE Probes for Precise In-Vivo Detection of Aβ Fibrils/Plaques at A Super-Early Stage

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yipu Wang ◽  
Dong Mei ◽  
Xinyi Zhang ◽  
Da-Hui Qu ◽  
Ju Mei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
High Signal ◽  
In Vivo Detection ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Aβ Fibrils

With increase of social aging, Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been one of the serious diseases threatening human health. The occurrence of A<i>β </i>fibrils<i> </i>or plaques is recognized as the hallmark of AD.<i> </i>Currently, optical imaging has stood out to be a promising technique for the imaging of A<i>β</i> fibrils/plaques and the diagnosis of AD. However, restricted by their poor blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetrability, short-wavelength excitation and emission, and aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) effect, the clinically used gold-standard optical probes such as <a>thioflavin</a> T (ThT) and thioflavin S (ThS), are not effective enough in the early diagnosis of AD <i>in vivo</i>. Herein, we put forward an “all-in-one” design principle and demonstrate its feasibility in developing high-performance fluorescent probes which are specific to A<i>β</i> fibrils/plaques and promising for super-early <i>in</i>-<i>vivo</i> diagnosis of AD. As a proof of concept, a simple rod-like amphiphilic NIR fluorescent AIEgen, i.e., AIE-CNPy-AD, is developed by taking the specificity, BBB penetration ability, deep-tissue penetration capacity, high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) into consideration. AIE-CNPy-AD is constituted by connecting the electron-donating and accepting moieties through single bonds and tagging with a propanesulfonate tail, giving rise to the NIR fluorescence, aggregation-induced emission (AIE) effect, amphiphilicity, and rod-like structure, which in turn result in high binding-affinity and excellent specificity to A<i>β</i> fibrils/plaques, satisfactory ability to penetrate BBB and deep tissues, ultrahigh SNR and sensitivity, and high-fidelity imaging capability. <i>In-vitro, ex-vivo,</i> and <i>in-vivo</i> <a>identifying of A<i>β</i> fibrils/plaques</a> in different strains of mice indicate that AIE-CNPy-AD holds the universality to the detection of A<i>β</i> fibrils/plaques. It is noteworthy that AIE-CNPy-AD is even able to trace the small and sparsely distributed A<i>β</i> fibrils/plaques in very young AD model mice such as 4-month-old APP/PS1 mice which are reported to be the youngest mice to have A<i>β</i> deposits in brains, suggesting its great potential in diagnosis and intervention of AD at a super-early stage.

scholarly journals Efficient Photoacoustic Imaging With Biomimetic Mesoporous Silica-Based Nanoparticles

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuangjia Huang ◽  
Xiaoling Guan ◽  
Hui Lin ◽  
Lu Liang ◽  
Yingling Miao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mesoporous Silica ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Photoacoustic Imaging ◽  
Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles ◽  
Good Biocompatibility ◽  
Targeting Ability ◽  
Body Clearance

Indocyanine green (ICG), a near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent dye approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), has been extensively used as a photoacoustic (PA) probe for PA imaging. However, its practical application is limited by poor photostability in water, rapid body clearance, and non-specificity. Herein, we fabricated a novel biomimetic nanoprobe by coating ICG-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles with the cancer cell membrane (namely, CMI) for PA imaging. This probe exhibited good dispersion, large loading efficiency, good biocompatibility, and homologous targeting ability to Hela cells in vitro. Furthermore, the in vivo and ex vivo PA imaging on Hela tumor-bearing nude mice demonstrated that CMI could accumulate in tumor tissue and display a superior PA imaging efficacy compared with free ICG. All these results demonstrated that CMI might be a promising contrast agent for PA imaging of cervical carcinoma.

scholarly journals Towards Clinical Translation of LED-Based Photoacoustic Imaging: A Review

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 2484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunhao Zhu ◽  
Ting Feng ◽  
Qian Cheng ◽  
Xueding Wang ◽  
Sidan Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Photoacoustic Imaging ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Clinical Translation ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Pilot Studies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Molecular Components ◽  
Clinical Potential

Photoacoustic imaging, with the capability to provide simultaneous structural, functional, and molecular information, is one of the fastest growing biomedical imaging modalities of recent times. As a hybrid modality, it not only provides greater penetration depth than the purely optical imaging techniques, but also provides optical contrast of molecular components in the living tissue. Conventionally, photoacoustic imaging systems utilize bulky and expensive class IV lasers, which is one of the key factors hindering the clinical translation of this promising modality. Use of LEDs which are portable and affordable offers a unique opportunity to accelerate the clinical translation of photoacoustics. In this paper, we first review the development history of LED as an illumination source in biomedical photoacoustic imaging. Key developments in this area, from point-source measurements to development of high-power LED arrays, are briefly discussed. Finally, we thoroughly review multiple phantom, ex-vivo, animal in-vivo, human in-vivo, and clinical pilot studies and demonstrate the unprecedented preclinical and clinical potential of LED-based photoacoustic imaging.

Practical Applications of in Vivo and ex Vivo MRI in Toxicologic Pathology Using a Novel High-performance Compact MRI System

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 633-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Tempel-Brami ◽  
Yael S. Schiffenbauer ◽  
Abraham Nyska ◽  
Nati Ezov ◽  
Itai Spector ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Practical Applications

scholarly journals A feasibility study of photoacoustic imaging of ex vivo endoscopic mucosal resection tissues from Barrett’s esophagus patients

2017 ◽  
Vol 05 (08) ◽  
pp. E775-E783 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Lim ◽  
Catherine Streutker ◽  
Norman Marcon ◽  
Maria Cirocco ◽  
Alexandra Lao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Barrett’S Esophagus ◽  
Endoscopic Mucosal Resection ◽  
Feasibility Study ◽  
Barrett's Esophagus ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Photoacoustic Imaging ◽  
Esophageal Mucosa ◽  
Mucosal Resection ◽  
Total Hemoglobin

Abstract Background and study aims Accurate endoscopic detection of dysplasia in patients with Barrett’s esophagus (BE) remains a major clinical challenge. The current standard is to take multiple biopsies under endoscopic image guidance, but this leaves the majority of the tissue unsampled, leading to significant risk of missing dysplasia. Furthermore, determining whether there is submucosal invasion is essential for proper staging. Hence, there is a clinical need for a rapid in vivo wide-field imaging method to identify dysplasia in BE, with the capability of imaging beyond the mucosal layer. We conducted an ex vivo feasibility study using photoacoustic imaging (PAI) in patients undergoing endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) for known dysplasia. The objective was to characterize the esophageal microvascular pattern, with the long-term goal of performing in vivo endoscopic PAI for dysplasia detection and therapeutic guidance. Materials and methods EMR tissues were mounted luminal side up. The tissues were scanned over a field of view of 14 mm (width) by 15 mm (depth) at 680, 750, and 850 nm (40 MHz acoustic central frequency). Ultrasound and photoacoustic images were simultaneously acquired. Tissues were then sliced and fixed in formalin for histopathology with hematoxylin and eosin staining. A total of 13 EMR specimens from eight patients were included in the analysis, which consisted of co-registration of the photoacoustic images with corresponding pathologist-classified histological images. We conducted mean difference test of the total hemoglobin distribution between tissue classes. Results Dysplastic and nondysplastic BE can be distinguished from squamous tissue in 84 % of region-of-interest comparisons (42/50). However, the ability of intrinsic PAI to distinguish dysplasia from NDBE, which is the clinically important challenge, was only about 33 % (10/30). Conclusion We demonstrated the technical feasibility of this approach. Based on our ex vivo data, changes in total hemoglobin content from intrinsic PAI (i. e. without exogenous contrast) can differentiate BE from squamous esophageal mucosa. However, most likely intrinsic PAI is unable to differentiate dysplastic from nondysplastic BE with adequate sensitivity for clinical translation.

scholarly journals HIGH-PERFORMANCE FLEXIBLE FORCE AND TEMPERATURE SENSING ARRAY WITH A ROBUST STRUCTURE

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 1360014
Author(s):  
MIN-SEOK KIM ◽  
HAN-WOOK SONG ◽  
YON-KYU PARK
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Sensor Array ◽  
Printed Circuit Board ◽  
High Spatial Resolution ◽  
Tactile Sensor ◽  
Circuit Board ◽  
Micro Fabrication ◽  
Printed Circuit ◽  
Flexible Printed Circuit ◽  
Physical Quantities

We have developed a flexible tactile sensor array capable of sensing physical quantities, e.g. force and temperature with high-performances and high spatial resolution. The fabricated tactile sensor consists of 8 × 8 force measuring array with 1 mm spacing and a thin metal (copper) temperature sensor. The flexible force sensing array consists of sub-millimetre-size bar-shaped semi-conductor strain gage array attached to a thin and flexible printed circuit board covered by stretchable elastomeric material on both sides. This design incorporates benefits of both materials; the semi-conductor's high performance and the polymer's mechanical flexibility and robustness, while overcoming their drawbacks of those two materials. Special fabrication processes, so called “dry-transfer technique” have been used to fabricate the tactile sensor along with standard micro-fabrication processes.

scholarly journals In vivo imaging of swimming micromotors using hybrid high-frequency ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azaam Aziz ◽  
Joost Holthof ◽  
Sandra Meyer ◽  
Oliver G. Schmidt ◽  
Mariana Medina-Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Photoacoustic Imaging ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
High Frequency Ultrasound ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
And Function ◽  
Frequency Ultrasound

AbstractThe fast evolution of medical micro- and nanorobots in the endeavor to perform non-invasive medical operations in living organisms boosted the use of diverse medical imaging techniques in the last years. Among those techniques, photoacoustic (PA) tomography has shown to be promising for the imaging of microrobots in deep-tissue (ex vivo and in vivo), as it possesses the molecular specificity of optical techniques and the penetration depth of ultrasound imaging. However, the precise maneuvering and function control of microrobots, in particular in living organisms, demand the combination of both anatomical and functional imaging methods. Therefore, herein, we report the use of a hybrid High-Frequency Ultrasound (HFUS) and PA imaging system for the real-time tracking of magnetically driven micromotors (single and swarms) in phantoms, ex vivo, and in vivo (in mice bladder and uterus), envisioning their application for targeted drug-delivery.

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