scholarly journals Using Geiger Dosimetry EKO-C Device to Detect Ionizing Radiation Emissions from Building Materials

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 645
Author(s):  
Maciej Gliniak ◽  
Tomasz Dróżdż ◽  
Sławomir Kurpaska ◽  
Anna Lis
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Radiation Risk ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Ceramic Block ◽  
Total Radiation Dose ◽  
Dose Limits ◽  
Council Of Ministers

The purpose of the article is to check and assess what radiation is emitted by particular building materials with the passage of time. The analysis was performed with the EKO-C dosimetry device from Polon-Ekolab. The scope of the work included research on sixteen selected construction materials, divided into five groups. The analysis of the results showed that samples such as bricks (first group) and hollow blocks (second group) emit the highest radiation in the tested objects. When comparing these materials, the highest value was recorded when measuring the ceramic block of 15.76 mSv·yr−1. Taking into account the bricks, the highest value of radiation was shown by a full clinker brick, 11.3 mSv·yr−1. Insulation materials and finishing boards are two other groups of building materials that have been measured. They are characterised by a low level of radiation. In the case of materials for thermal insulation, the highest condition was demonstrated by graphite polystyrene of 4.463 mSv·yr−1, while among finishing boards, the highest value of radiation was recorded for the measurement of gypsum board of 3.76 mSv·yr−1. Comparing the obtained test results to the requirements of the Regulation of the Council of Ministers on ionizing radiation dose limits applicable in Poland, it can be noted that the samples examined individually do not pose a radiation risk to humans. When working with all types of samples, the radiation doses are added up. According to the guidelines of the regulation, the total radiation dose does not exceed 50 mSv·yr−1 and does not constitute a threat to human health.

The study of natural radionuclides and radon exhalation rate in ceramic materials containing fly ash developed in Israel

2004 ◽  
Vol 92 (4-6) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Lavi ◽  
Z. B. Alfassi
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Radon Exhalation Rate ◽  
Exhalation Rate ◽  
Radon Exhalation ◽  
Ceramic Blocks

AbstractThe ionizing radiation dose from building materials containing fly ash (FA) has been studied. Ceramic products, plates, bricks and blocks containing fly ash have been studied and compared to other construction materials for both natural radionuclides content (NORM), radon exhalation rate and gamma radiation dose .The total radiation dose due to walls built from ceramic blocks containing FA (45% fly ash), was found to be lower than radiation doses due to walls of other construction materials, Assuming two walls (the exterior ones) built of this ceramic material the doses are 0.09-0.13 mSv/y for ceramic materials densities of 800 and 1200 kg/m

scholarly journals Empirical NOx Removal Analysis of Photocatalytic Construction Materials at Real-Scale

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (19) ◽  
pp. 5717
Author(s):  
Miyeon Kim ◽  
Hyunggeun Kim ◽  
Jinchul Park
Keyword(s):  
Uv Irradiation ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Outdoor Environment ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Nox Removal ◽  
Modified Method ◽  
Outdoor Environments ◽  
Water Test ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor Environments

The NOx removal performance of photocatalytic construction materials is demonstrated using two experiments under indoor and outdoor environments: (1) A photoreactor test was conducted to assess the NO removal performance of construction materials (e.g., coatings, paints and shotcrete) using a modified ISO 22197-1 method; (2) A water washing test was conducted using two specimens enlarged to the size of actual building materials and artificially exposed to NOx in a laboratory to analyze NOx removal performance. For (1), the UV irradiation of the outdoor environment was analyzed and the experiment was conducted in an indoor laboratory under UV irradiation identical to that of the outdoor condition. Photoreactor tests were conducted on construction materials applied to actual buildings located in Seoul, South Korea. In (2), the enlarged specimen was used for a field experiment by applying a modified method from the ISO 22197-1 standard. On sunny days, the NOx removal performance (3.12–4.76 μmol/150 cm2·5 h) was twice as much as that of the ISO 22197-1 standard specification (2.03 μmol/150 cm2·5 h) in the real-world. The washing water test results indicated that general aqueous paint achieved a NOx removal of 3.88 μmol, whereas photocatalytic paint was superior to 14.13 μmol.

Estimation of Radiation Risk of the Initiation of Malignant Novelties in the Liquidators of the Consequences of the Accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant, Workers of the Nuclear Industry, with the Account of Doses of Various Types of Irradiation

2019 ◽  
pp. 54-57
Author(s):  
А. Туков ◽  
A. Tukov ◽  
И. Шафранский ◽  
I. Shafransky ◽  
А. Цовьянов ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Chernobyl Accident ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Radiation Risk ◽  
Malignant Neoplasm ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Nuclear Industry ◽  
Risk Indicators ◽  
Reliable Assessment ◽  
Total Radiation Dose

Purpose: Estimate of the excess relative risk of malignant neoplasm disease (MND) in nuclear industry workers, participants in the elimination of the consequences of the Chernobyl accident, taking into account the doses of various types of irradiation. Material and methods: An epidemiological experiment was conducted in which the personal data of the information base of the Industry Register of persons exposed to radiation as a result of the Chernobyl accident, the doses of occupational exposure, and tabular data on the dose of natural exposure, presented in the reports on the radiation situation in populated areas ESKID, No. 4-DOZ) were used. Results: It is shown that the risk assessment of the disease in the Chernobyl accident liquidators, obtained with the use of doses of different types of exposure, has different risk indicators (ERR at 1 Sv: the Chernobyl NPP radiation dose is 0.13, the ChNPP + professional dose is 1.13 and the ChNPP dose + professional + natural – 0.56). Conclusions: – Using any part of the total radiation dose of a person to calculate the risk of dose-induced diseases, we will get incorrect results is unknown how far from the truth. – For a reliable assessment of the risk of the disease, an overall dose is required from a person from all types of radiation, which is required by the radiation safety directives.

Ionizing Radiation Total Dose Detectors Using Oligomer Organic Semiconductor Material and Devices

2011 ◽  
Vol 1312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harshil N. Raval ◽  
V. Ramgopal Rao
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Total Dose ◽  
Field Effect ◽  
Electrical Measurement ◽  
Organic Electronic Devices ◽  
Total Radiation Dose ◽  
Γ Rays ◽  
Effect Transistor ◽  
Electrical Characterizations

ABSTRACTOrganic semiconducting oligomer – Pentacene, as a material and organic electronic devices based on it, are proposed here as total dose detectors for ionizing radiation. Pentacene, when exposed to ionizing radiation of γ – rays using Cobalt – 60 (60Co) radiation source, shows increase in the conductivity of the material which can be used as a sensing phenomenon for determining the dose of ionizing radiation. The change in material property was also verified using UV-visible (UV-VIS) spectrum for pentacene thin-films with rising absorption peaks at the oxidized positions in the wavelength. A pentacene resistor can be used as a detector, as the change in the conductivity of the pentacene film can be easily quantified by measuring the change in resistance of the pentacene resistor after different total radiation dose exposures. The experiments resulted in a sensitivity of 340 kΩ/Gy for a total 100 Gy radiation dose for the pentacene resistor. Furthermore, employing this simple electrical measurement technique for determining the dose of ionizing radiation and to improve the sensitivity of the sensor by transistor action, a pentacene based organic field effect transistor (OFET) was exposed to ionizing radiation. Change in OFF current (IOFF) of the OFET sensor with W/L = 19350 μm/100 μm, suggests a sensitivity of 21 nA/Gy for 100 Gy dose. Also, changes in various other parameters like threshold voltage, subthreshold swing, field effect mobility, number of interface states etc. can be extracted from the electrical characterizations which prove their usefulness as a detector for ionizing radiation.

Evidence for ‘bystander effects’ in vivo

2004 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antone L Brooks
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Radiation Risk ◽  
The Other ◽  
High Radiation ◽  
Bystander Effects ◽  
Dose Rates

The observation of bystander effects in vitro have raised some serious questions as to the appropriate target size for calculation radiation dose. This has implications on the risk from ionizing radiation since dose is often directly related to radiation risk. This paper demonstrates that bystander effects do occur in vivo. It demonstrates that at low dose rates the bystander effects and risk are limited to the organ where the radiation dose is delivered. On the other hand, exposure to high radiation dose rates produces clastogenic factors that are released into the blood. These factors have been demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo and may influence risk in organs not directly exposed to the radiation. Bystander effects suggest that organs respond as a unit and are not just a bag of individual cells acting independently. Dose and risk must consider this unit.

Radiopharmacology: Hazard or/and Benefit

1984 ◽  
Vol 23 (02) ◽  
pp. 87-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Flemming
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Late Effects ◽  
Radiation Risk ◽  
Dose Effect ◽  
Radiation Hazard ◽  
Radiation Doses ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Medical Radiology ◽  
Experimental Findings ◽  
In The Beginning

SummaryIn the beginning of medical radiology, only the benefit of ionizing radiation was obvious, and radiation was handled and applied generously. After late effects had become known, the radiation exposure was reduced to doses following which no such effects were found. Thus, it was assumed that one could obtain an optimal medical benefit without inducing any hazard. Later, due to experimental findings, hypotheses arose (linear dose-effect response, no time factor) which led to the opinion that even low and lowest radiation doses were relevant for the induction of late effects. A radiation fear grew, which was unintentionally strengthened by radiation protection decrees: even for low doses a radiation risk could be calculated. Therefore, it was believed that there could still exist a radiation hazard, and the radiation benefit remained in question. If, however, all presently known facts are considered, one must conclude that large radiation doses are hazardous and low doses are inefficient, whereas lowest doses have a biopositive effect. Ionizing radiation, therefore, may cause both, hazard as well as benefit. Which of the two effects prevails is determined by the level of dose.

EVALUATION OF OCCUPATIONAL RADIATION EXPOSURE IN A RADIO-DIAGNOSTIC FACILITY IN KATSINA- NIGERIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 722-729
Author(s):  
Usman Sani ◽  
Bashir Gide Muhammad ◽  
Dimas Skam Joseph ◽  
D. Z. Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Short Exposure ◽  
Skin Dose ◽  
Continuous Training ◽  
Short Exposure Time ◽  
Occupational Dose ◽  
Dose Limits ◽  
Radiation Workers ◽  
Occupational Radiation

Poor implementation of quality assurance programs in the radiation industry has been a major setback in our locality. Several studies revealed that occupational workers are exposed to many potential hazards of ionizing radiation during radio-diagnostic procedures, yet radiation workers are often not monitored. This study aims to evaluate the occupational exposure of the radiation workers in Federal Medical Centre Katsina, and to compare the exposure with recommended occupational radiation dose limits. The quarterly readings of 20 thermo-luminescent dosimeters (TLDs') used by the radiation workers from January to December, 2019 were collected from the facility's radiation monitoring archive, and subsequently assessed and analyzed. The results indicate that the average annual equivalent dose per occupational worker range from 0.74 to 1.20 mSv and 1.28 to 2.21 mSv for skin surface and deep skin dose, measured at 10 mm and 0.07 mm tissue depth respectively. The occupational dose was within the recommended national and international limits of 5 mSv per annum or an average of 20 mSv in 5 years. Therefore, there was no significant radiation exposure to all the occupational workers in the study area. Though, the occupational radiation dose is within recommended limit, this does not eliminate stochastic effect of radiation. The study recommended that the occupational workers should adhere and strictly comply with the principles of radiation protection which includes distance, short exposure time, shielding and proper monitoring of dose limits. Furthermore, continuous training of the radiation workers is advised.

Requesting physicians’ knowledge of X-radiation exposure from computed tomography scan examinations: A case study of two Nigerian tertiary hospitals

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 36-39
Author(s):  
Samson O. Paulinus ◽  
Benjamin E. Udoh ◽  
Bassey E. Archibong ◽  
Akpama E. Egong ◽  
Akwa E. Erim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Radiation Risk ◽  
Radiological Protection ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Tertiary Hospitals ◽  
Medical Exposure

Objective: Physicians who often request for computed tomography (CT) scan examinations are expected to have sound knowledge of radiation exposure (risks) to patients in line with the basic radiation protection principles according to the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP), the Protection of Persons Undergoing Medical Exposure or Treatment (POPUMET), and the Ionizing Radiation (Medical Exposure) Regulations (IR(ME)R). The aim is to assess the level of requesting physicians’ knowledge of ionizing radiation from CT scan examinations in two Nigerian tertiary hospitals. Materials and Methods: An 18-item-based questionnaire was distributed to 141 practicing medical doctors, excluding radiologists with work experience from 0 to >16 years in two major teaching hospitals in Nigeria with a return rate of 69%, using a voluntary sampling technique. Results: The results showed that 25% of the respondents identified CT thorax, abdomen, and pelvis examination as having the highest radiation risk, while 22% said that it was a conventional chest X-ray. Furthermore, 14% concluded that CT head had the highest risk while 9% gave their answer to be conventional abdominal X-ray. In addition, 17% inferred that magnetic resonance imaging had the highest radiation risk while 11% had no idea. Furthermore, 25.5% of the respondents have had training on ionizing radiation from CT scan examinations while 74.5% had no training. Majority (90%) of the respondents were not aware of the ICRP guidelines for requesting investigations with very little (<3%) or no knowledge (0%) on the POPUMET and the IR(ME)R respectively. Conclusion: There is low level of knowledge of ionizing radiation from CT scan examinations among requesting physicians in the study locations.

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