scholarly journals Evaluation of Hygrothermal Behaviour in Heritage Buildings through Sensors, CFD Modelling and IRT

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 566
Author(s):  
Carlos Lerma ◽  
Júlia G. Borràs ◽  
Ángeles Mas ◽  
M. Eugenia Torner ◽  
Jose Vercher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Global Analysis ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Cfd Modelling ◽  
Cfd Simulations ◽  
Interior Space ◽  
Heritage Buildings ◽  
Heritage Building ◽  
Non Destructive

Architectural heritage, building materials and interior space are highly susceptible to temperature and relative humidity. A better knowledge of the hygrothermal dynamics inside buildings allows an adequate conservation of heritage. This work compares three non-destructive techniques (NDT), such as temperature and relative humidity sensors, finite element simulations (CFD) and thermographic pictures (IRT). The work has made it possible to carry out an assessment of the risk of condensation over a year and to identify affected periods and areas of the building. Sensors and IRT pictures provide real data to validate CFD simulations, facilitating a global analysis of the building. The results provided reflect a great concordance between the NDTs used.

X-ray micro-computed tomography for heritage building materials

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Analytical Methods Committee AMCTB No. 109
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Internal Structure ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Natural Stone ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Heritage Buildings ◽  
Heritage Building

X-ray micro-computed tomography can provide information about the composition and internal structure of materials commonly found in heritage buildings such as natural stone, mortar, brick, concrete and wood.

Resolving deterioration of heritage building elements using an expert system

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 721-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Marzouk ◽  
Maryam ElSharkawy ◽  
Pakinam Elsayed ◽  
Aya Eissa
Keyword(s):  
Expert System ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Historical Structures ◽  
Preservation Method ◽  
Heritage Buildings ◽  
Heritage Building ◽  
Special Expertise ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
Building Elements

PurposeThe maintenance of original building materials is crucial to extending their lifetime and avoiding their repeated replacement in heritage buildings. In order to maintain the identity of built heritage and resolve possible deterioration over the years, special expertise is required to avoid possible materials decay and to preserve building elements in a way that allows them to function efficiently as originally intended.Design/methodology/approachAn expert system is created to identify the most effective method of repair for each specific building material and to propose the appropriate conservation methods for resolving different types of damages. Artificial intelligence is used to provide a systematic problem-solving technique that saves time and provides the most efficient conservation and preservation method for heritage building elements.FindingsThose expert systems could be generalized on similar historical structures to be used as a systematic guide for examining material, evaluating deterioration state and objectively suggesting their related repair techniques. Further deteriorated materials in heritage buildings should be investigated, such as stone and timber staircases, to provide a guide for usage by restoration and conservation authorities.Originality/valueUsing a user-friendly method, with special considerations to three major problematic building elements in terms of decay and material dysfunction in heritage structures, timber doors, iron gates, and ceiling paintings are selected for diagnosis and repair in an Egyptian heritage building.

Regeneration of a historic city block: the example of the relocation of the historic Atelier building to the cloister area of the Congregation of the Resurrection in Krakow

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bogusław Podhalański ◽  
Anna Połtowicz
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Steel Structure ◽  
City Block ◽  
Raising Awareness ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Heritage Buildings ◽  
Heritage Building ◽  
Historic City ◽  
The City

Abstract The article discusses a project that features the relocation of the historic Atelier building, built by Krakow-based architect Wandalin Beringer (1839–1923) who was active in the early twentieth century, and the regeneration of a plot belonging to the Congregation of the Resurrection since 1885, which is located at 12 Łobzowska Street in Krakow. The method includes cutting the entire structure off at the foundation and then after reinforcing it with a steel structure transporting it in its entirety to the new location. The project included two possible variants of moving the building in a straight line, either by 21 or 59 metres and evaluates two projects of further regeneration, the adaptive reuse of the building as an exhibition and religious space as well as a proposal for the remodelling of the nearby plot that belongs to the Congregation into a space for meditation and as a recreational park. The aim of these measures is to prevent the demolition of this building, now over a century old, as a result of which a forgotten element of the cultural heritage of the city will be saved. This project was based on the results of analyses of the cultural and historical conditions of Krakow. The block of buildings in which the Atelier in question is located is a very attractive location, near to the very centre of Krakow, adjacent to residential, service and educational buildings. It is directly adjacent to the Monastery Complex of the Congregation of the Resurrection, listed as a heritage building under conservation protection (municipal registry of heritage buildings). In the second half of the twentieth century, the building was used as a workroom by artists such as Xawery Dunikowski and later by the sculptress Teodora Stasiak. The case of the Atelier may provide an inspiration for discussion as well as raising awareness among citizens and city authorities to avoid future situations in which cultural heritage may become forgotten or demolished.

scholarly journals Proposing 3D Thermal Technology for Heritage Building Energy Monitoring

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1537
Author(s):  
Antonio Adán ◽  
Víctor Pérez ◽  
José-Luis Vivancos ◽  
Carolina Aparicio-Fernández ◽  
Samuel A. Prieto
Keyword(s):  
Computer Vision ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Energy Monitoring ◽  
3D Computer Vision ◽  
Building Monitoring ◽  
Heritage Buildings ◽  
Heritage Building ◽  
Definition Of

The energy monitoring of heritage buildings has, to date, been governed by methodologies and standards that have been defined in terms of sensors that record scalar magnitudes and that are placed in specific positions in the scene, thus recording only some of the values sampled in that space. In this paper, however, we present an alternative to the aforementioned technologies in the form of new sensors based on 3D computer vision that are able to record dense thermal information in a three-dimensional space. These thermal computer vision-based technologies (3D-TCV) entail a revision and updating of the current building energy monitoring methodologies. This paper provides a detailed definition of the most significant aspects of this new extended methodology and presents a case study showing the potential of 3D-TCV techniques and how they may complement current techniques. The results obtained lead us to believe that 3D computer vision can provide the field of building monitoring with a decisive boost, particularly in the case of heritage buildings.

scholarly journals A Non-Destructive System Based on Electrical Tomography and Machine Learning to Analyze the Moisture of Buildings

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 2285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Rymarczyk ◽  
Grzegorz Kłosowski ◽  
Edward Kozłowski
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Supervised Machine Learning ◽  
Electrical Tomography ◽  
High Processing Speed ◽  
Image Pixels ◽  
Architectural Significance ◽  
Building Walls ◽  
Non Destructive

This article presents the results of research on a new method of spatial analysis of walls and buildings moisture. Due to the fact that destructive methods are not suitable for historical buildings of great architectural significance, a non-destructive method based on electrical tomography has been adopted. A hybrid tomograph with special sensors was developed for the measurements. This device enables the acquisition of data, which are then reconstructed by appropriately developed methods enabling spatial analysis of wet buildings. Special electrodes that ensure good contact with the surface of porous building materials such as bricks and cement were introduced. During the research, a group of algorithms enabling supervised machine learning was analyzed. They have been used in the process of converting input electrical values into conductance depicted by the output image pixels. The conductance values of individual pixels of the output vector made it possible to obtain images of the interior of building walls as both flat intersections (2D) and spatial (3D) images. The presented group of algorithms has a high application value. The main advantages of the new methods are: high accuracy of imaging, low costs, high processing speed, ease of application to walls of various thickness and irregular surface. By comparing the results of tomographic reconstructions, the most efficient algorithms were identified.

Assessment of Potential Damage Factor: A Case Study of St. Paul’s Cathedral, Kolkata

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-68
Author(s):  
Chiradeep Basu ◽  
Subarna Bhattacharyya ◽  
Anirban Chaudhuri ◽  
Shaheen Akhtar ◽  
Akash Chatterjee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Airborne Microorganisms ◽  
Air Movement ◽  
Fungal Load ◽  
Heritage Building ◽  
Central Pollution Control Board ◽  
Potential Damage

Damaging factors such as airborne microorganisms, relative humidity, ventilation, temperature and air pollutants are the major concerns of the tropical climate of Kolkata, India where our study site, 172-year-old St. Paul’s Cathedral is located. In this context, the aim was to develop an equation to assess the management priority and which factors would be more responsible for potentially damaging the heritage building. The temperature varied from 28°C to 31°C, relative humidity was recorded 72% over a period of 14 days in the prayer hall whereas almost constant temperature (27°C) and relative humidity (55%) were recorded in crypt. Air movement was recorded 0.5–3 m s−1 in both crypt and prayer hall. Sulphur dioxide and oxide of nitrogen concentration were lower than the standard mentioned by the Central Pollution Control Board, India. The fungal load was lower inside the crypt (237 CFU m−3) than in the prayer hall (793 CFU m−3). Calculated potential damage for prayer hall and crypt was found to be 48.75% and 37.08%, respectively. Results revealed that microbial load and relative humidity were the potent factors for damage to the building. Continuous air movement, that is, ventilation and building design here played significant roles. The Heritage Conservation Committee can use the data for better management.

Method of Non-Destructive Measurement of Natural Radionuclides Concentration in Building Materials

ANRI ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-44
Author(s):  
Aleksey Vasil'ev ◽  
Aleksey Ekidin ◽  
Mariya Pyshkina ◽  
Georgiy Malinovskiy ◽  
Aleksandra Onischenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Flux Density ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Gamma Spectrometer ◽  
Average Activity ◽  
Destructive Measurement ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Calculated Flux

A method for non-destructive monitoring of the content of natural radionuclides in building materials has been developed. Spectrum measurements of gamma radiation are carried out with a pre-calibrated field gamma spectrometer. The calculation of the average specific activity of natural radionuclides in building materials is carried out by comparing the calculated flux density of unscattered gamma quanta normalized to the specific activity, and the experimentally measured count rates in the photopeak. calculated for the geometry of the room under study and the location of the detector. Application of the developed method makes it possible to estimate the average activity of natural radionuclides in building materials without destruction.

Victorian Market Halls, Ornamental Iron and Civic Intent

2012 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 173-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Dobraszczyk
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Glass Structure ◽  
Department Stores ◽  
Urban Architecture ◽  
Interior Space ◽  
Wrought Iron ◽  
Pumping Stations ◽  
Victorian Period ◽  
Architectural Development ◽  
Privately Financed

This article focuses on the relationship between ornamental iron and the civic in British market halls, a subject which has been overlooked in the existing literature on their architectural development. Like many other forms of nineteenth-century retail architecture — shops, bazaars, arcades and department stores — market halls embraced the new architectural possibilities suggested by iron: increased floor-spans were made possible by wrought-iron joists, which could span greater distances than timber ones; the strength of cast-iron columns allowed larger openings in the external walls; and the increased availability and lower cost of glass meant that these openings could be glazed, allowing greater visibility of commodities. Yet, unlike much Victorian retail architecture, which was usually privately financed, market halls were explicitly articulated as public spaces. As such, there were problems in assimilating iron-and-glass structures into established notions of public architecture. In 1878, The Building News, in a discussion of London’s market buildings, argued that they should be ‘different from huge railway sheds and Crystal Palaces’ because their status as public buildings required some form of ‘artistic’ treatment. For many architects of market halls — in common with other new building types in the Victorian period, such as pumping stations, railway stations, exhibition halls and warehouses — the solution lay in a dual architectural identity: an exterior structure built in conventional building materials such as stone and brick, harmonizing with existing urban architecture; and an interior space supported by an independent iron-and-glass structure.

scholarly journals Conservation of cultural heritage buildings: Methodology and application to case studies

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. B. Lourenço
Keyword(s):  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Remedial Measures ◽  
Non Destructive Testing ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
Seismic Engineering ◽  
Structural Problems ◽  
Theological School ◽  
Heritage Buildings ◽  
Non Destructive

ABSTRACTModern societies understand built cultural heritage as a landmark of culture and diversity. Only during the last decades the idea that ancient buildings could be conserved and reused became appealing. Still, a large part of this heritage is affected by structural problems which menace the safety of buildings and people. The developments in the areas of inspection, non-destructive testing, monitoring and structural analysis of historical constructions, together with recent guidelines for reuse and conservation, allow for safer, economical and more adequate remedial measures. The paper addresses the issues of the methodology to adopt, of different cases studies and of present challenges. In particular, recent interventions in Portuguese cases studies (the Cathedral of Porto and a theological school in Braga) are analyzed in detail.Keywords: Cultural heritage buildings; Conservation and rehabilitation; Earthquakes and seismic engineering; Case studies.RESUMENLas sociedades modernas entienden su patrimonio cultural como un hito de cultura y diversidad. Sólo durante las últimas décadas la idea de que edificios antiguos podrían ser conservados y reutilizados se ha convertido en atractiva. Sin embargo, una gran parte de este patrimonio es afectado por problemas estructurales lo cual amenaza la seguridad de los edificios y personas. Los desarrollos en el área de inspección, ensayos no destructivos, seguimiento y análisis estructural de construcciones históricas, bien como recientes normas para reutilización y conservación, permiten medidas correctivas más seguras, económicas y adecuadas. El artículo aborda las metodologías adoptadas, en diferentes casos de estudio así como presentes desafíos. En particular, intervenciones recientes en casos de estudio en Portugal (Catedral de Porto y Seminario de Braga) son analizadas con detalle.Palabras Clave: Edificios de patrimonio cultural; Conservación y rehabilitación; Terremotos e ingeniería sísmica; Casos de estudio.

scholarly journals Improving Daylight Availability in Heritage Buildings: A Case Study of Below-grade Classrooms in Tehran

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-133
Author(s):  
Kamyar Soleimani ◽  
◽  
Nastaran Abdollahzadeh ◽  
Zahra Sadat Zomorodian ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Natural Light ◽  
Classroom Space ◽  
Educational Spaces ◽  
Visual Tasks ◽  
Heritage Buildings ◽  
Heritage Building ◽  
Daylight Performance

Refurbished heritage buildings usually lack in meeting the required standards defined for the new function especially when reused as educational buildings. Therefore, they are usually equipped with different post-occupancy retrofit strategies to achieve an acceptable level of environmental quality and energy demand. Daylight quality and the distribution of natural light is a critical issue in educational spaces, given that the low level of illuminance in classrooms can decrease students' performance and disrupt visual tasks. In this study, daylight performance of below-grade south-facing classrooms in a heritage building in Tehran, Iran is investigated by implementing 57 different daylighting retrofit strategies using climate-based daylight simulations, in relation to the metric Useful Daylight Illuminance 300-3000lux (UDI-Autonomous). The research proposes the use of reflectors on the interior ceiling and exterior side of the windows (on the ground) to achieve the highest result possible. Although, applying these two systems individually, can boost the spatial distribution of daylight to 75 % and 71%, respectively, the combination of them provide users with UDI-Autonomous in 99% of the classroom space for more than half of the occupancy time.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document