scholarly journals Trends and Challenges of Wearable Multimodal Technologies for Stroke Risk Prediction

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 460
Author(s):  
Yun-Hsuan Chen ◽  
Mohamad Sawan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Prediction ◽  
High Precision ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Stroke Risk ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Frequency Of Use ◽  
Data Continuity ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
The Internet Of Things

We review in this paper the wearable-based technologies intended for real-time monitoring of stroke-related physiological parameters. These measurements are undertaken to prevent death and disability due to stroke. We compare the various characteristics, such as weight, accessibility, frequency of use, data continuity, and response time of these wearables. It was found that the most user-friendly wearables can have limitations in reporting high-precision prediction outcomes. Therefore, we report also the trend of integrating these wearables into the internet of things (IoT) and combining electronic health records (EHRs) and machine learning (ML) algorithms to establish a stroke risk prediction system. Due to different characteristics, such as accessibility, time, and spatial resolution of various wearable-based technologies, strategies of applying different types of wearables to maximize the efficacy of stroke risk prediction are also reported. In addition, based on the various applications of multimodal electroencephalography–functional near-infrared spectroscopy (EEG–fNIRS) on stroke patients, the perspective of using this technique to improve the prediction performance is elaborated. Expected prediction has to be dynamically delivered with high-precision outcomes. There is a need for stroke risk stratification and management to reduce the resulting social and economic burden.

scholarly journals The Validation of a Portable Functional NIRS System for Assessing Mental Workload

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 3810
Author(s):  
Manob Jyoti Saikia ◽  
Walter G. Besio ◽  
Kunal Mankodiya
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Load ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Mental Workload ◽  
Brain Area ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Naturalistic Environment ◽  
The Right ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
The Brain

Portable functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) systems have the potential to image the brain in naturalistic settings. Experimental studies are essential to validate such fNIRS systems. Working memory (WM) is a short-term active memory that is associated with the temporary storage and manipulation of information. The prefrontal cortex (PFC) brain area is involved in the processing of WM. We assessed the PFC brain during n-back WM tasks in a group of 25 college students using our laboratory-developed portable fNIRS system, WearLight. We designed an experimental protocol with 32 n-back WM task blocks with four different pseudo-randomized task difficulty levels. The hemodynamic response of the brain was computed from the experimental data and the evaluated brain responses due to these tasks. We observed the incremental mean hemodynamic activation induced by the increasing WM load. The left-PFC area was more activated in the WM task compared to the right-PFC. The task performance was seen to be related to the hemodynamic responses. The experimental results proved the functioning of the WearLight system in cognitive load imaging. Since the portable fNIRS system was wearable and operated wirelessly, it was possible to measure the cognitive load in the naturalistic environment, which could also lead to the development of a user-friendly brain–computer interface system.

A Study of Frontal Signals in Brain Computer Interfaces: Interpretation of EEG & FNIRS

2020 ◽  
pp. 136-142
Author(s):  
S. Srilekha ◽  
B. Vanathi
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Healthy Subject ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Brain Computer Interfaces ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Computer Interfaces ◽  
Rehabilitation Devices

This paper focuses on electroencephalography (EEG) and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) comparison to help the rehabilitation patients. Both methods have unique techniques and placement of electrodes. Usage of signals are different in application based on the economic conditions. This study helps in choosing the signal for the betterment of analysis. Ten healthy subject datasets of EEG & FNIRS are taken and applied to plot topography separately. Accuracy, Sensitivity, peaks, integral areas, etc are compared and plotted. The main advantages of this study are to prompt their necessities in the analysis of rehabilitation devices to manage their life as a typical individual.

61-LB: Use of Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) to Assess Cognitive Effort in KATP-Related Neonatal Diabetes (KATP-NDM)

Diabetes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 61-LB
Author(s):  
LISA R. LETOURNEAU-FREIBERG ◽  
KIMBERLY L. MEIDENBAUER ◽  
ANNA M. DENSON ◽  
PERSEPHONE TIAN ◽  
KYOUNG WHAN CHOE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Neonatal Diabetes ◽  
Cognitive Effort ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy

Making social neuroscience less WEIRD: Using fNIRS to measure neural signatures of persuasive influence in a Middle East participant sample

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon Burns ◽  
Lianne N. Barnes ◽  
Ian A. McCulloh ◽  
Munqith M. Dagher ◽  
Emily B. Falk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Social Neuroscience ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Neuroscience Research ◽  
Neuropsychological Functions ◽  
Arabic Speaking

The large majority of social neuroscience research uses WEIRD populations – participants from Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic locations. This makes it difficult to claim whether neuropsychological functions are universal or culture specific. In this study, we demonstrate one approach to addressing the imbalance by using portable neuroscience equipment in a study of persuasion conducted in Jordan with an Arabic-speaking sample. Participants were shown persuasive videos on various health and safety topics while their brain activity was measured using functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Self-reported persuasiveness ratings for each video were then recorded. Consistent with previous research conducted with American subjects, this work found that activity in the dorsomedial and ventromedial prefrontal cortex predicted how persuasive participants found the videos and how much they intended to engage in the messages’ endorsed behaviors. Further, activity in the left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex was associated with persuasiveness ratings, but only in participants for whom the message was personally relevant. Implications for these results on the understanding of the brain basis of persuasion and on future directions for neuroimaging in diverse populations are discussed.

The Use of fNIRS for Unique Contributions to Social and Affective Neuroscience

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon Burns ◽  
Matthew D. Lieberman
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Affective Neuroscience ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Psychological Experience ◽  
The World ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Meaningful Interaction

Social and affective neuroscience studies the neurophysiological underpinnings of psychological experience and behavior as it relates to the world around us. Yet, most neuroimaging methods require the removal of participants from their rich environment and the restriction of meaningful interaction with stimuli. In this Tools of the Trade article, we explain functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) as a neuroimaging method that can address these concerns. First, we provide an overview of how fNIRS works and how it compares to other neuroimaging methods common in social and affective neuroscience. Next, we describe fNIRS research that highlights its usefulness to the field – when rich stimuli engagement or environment embedding is needed, studies of social interaction, and examples of how it can help the field become more diverse and generalizable across participant populations. Lastly, this article describes how to use fNIRS for neuroimaging research with points of advice that are particularly relevant to social and affective neuroscience studies.

scholarly journals Episodic Memory Encoding and Retrieval in Face-Name Paired Paradigm: An fNIRS Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 951
Author(s):  
Qian Yu ◽  
Boris Cheval ◽  
Benjamin Becker ◽  
Fabian Herold ◽  
Chetwyn C. H. Chan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Associate Learning ◽  
Brodmann Areas ◽  
Parietal Cortices ◽  
Increased Activity ◽  
Encoding And Retrieval

Background: Episodic memory (EM) is particularly sensitive to pathological conditions and aging. In a neurocognitive context, the paired-associate learning (PAL) paradigm, which requires participants to learn and recall associations between stimuli, has been used to measure EM. The present study aimed to explore whether functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) can be employed to determine cortical activity underlying encoding and retrieval. Moreover, we examined whether and how different aspects of task (i.e., novelty, difficulty) affects those cortical activities. Methods: Twenty-two male college students (age: M = 20.55, SD = 1.62) underwent a face-name PAL paradigm under 40-channel fNIRS covering fronto-parietal and middle occipital regions. Results: A decreased activity during encoding in a broad network encompassing the bilateral frontal cortex (Brodmann areas 9, 11, 45, and 46) was observed during the encoding, while an increased activity in the left orbitofrontal cortex (Brodmann area 11) was observed during the retrieval. Increased HbO concentration in the superior parietal cortices and decreased HbO concentration in the inferior parietal cortices were observed during encoding while dominant activation of left PFC was found during retrieval only. Higher task difficulty was associated with greater neural activity in the bilateral prefrontal cortex and higher task novelty was associated with greater activation in occipital regions. Conclusion: Combining the PAL paradigm with fNIRS provided the means to differentiate neural activity characterising encoding and retrieval. Therefore, the fNIRS may have the potential to complete EM assessments in clinical settings.

scholarly journals Changes in Sensorimotor Cortical Activation in Children Using Prostheses and Prosthetic Simulators

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 991
Author(s):  
Christopher Copeland ◽  
Mukul Mukherjee ◽  
Yingying Wang ◽  
Kaitlin Fraser ◽  
Jorge M. Zuniga
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Tactile Feedback ◽  
Cortical Activation ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Motor Tasks ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Limb Reduction ◽  
Motor Dexterity

This study aimed to examine the neural responses of children using prostheses and prosthetic simulators to better elucidate the emulation abilities of the simulators. We utilized functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to evaluate the neural response in five children with a congenital upper limb reduction (ULR) using a body-powered prosthesis to complete a 60 s gross motor dexterity task. The ULR group was matched with five typically developing children (TD) using their non-preferred hand and a prosthetic simulator on the same hand. The ULR group had lower activation within the primary motor cortex (M1) and supplementary motor area (SMA) compared to the TD group, but nonsignificant differences in the primary somatosensory area (S1). Compared to using their non-preferred hand, the TD group exhibited significantly higher action in S1 when using the simulator, but nonsignificant differences in M1 and SMA. The non-significant differences in S1 activation between groups and the increased activation evoked by the simulator’s use may suggest rapid changes in feedback prioritization during tool use. We suggest that prosthetic simulators may elicit increased reliance on proprioceptive and tactile feedback during motor tasks. This knowledge may help to develop future prosthesis rehabilitative training or the improvement of tool-based skills.

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