scholarly journals A Prosthetic Socket with Active Volume Compensation for Amputated Lower Limb

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 407
Author(s):  
Ji-Hyeon Seo ◽  
Hyuk-Jin Lee ◽  
Dong-Wook Seo ◽  
Dong-Kyu Lee ◽  
Oh-Won Kwon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gait Cycle ◽  
Control Device ◽  
Residual Limb ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Active Volume ◽  
Pneumatic Valve ◽  
Prosthetic Socket ◽  
Actual Volume ◽  
Type 3 ◽  
Hysteresis Control

Typically, the actual volume of the residual limb changes over time. This causes the prosthesis to not fit, and then pain and skin disease. In this study, a prosthetic socket was developed to compensate for the volume change of the residual limb. Using an inflatable air bladder, the proposed socket monitors the pressure in the socket and keeps the pressure distribution uniform and constant while walking. The socket has three air bladders on anterior and posterior tibia areas, a latching type 3-way pneumatic valve and a portable control device. In the paper, the mechanical properties of the air bladder were investigated, and the electromagnetic analysis was performed to design the pneumatic valve. The controller is based on a hysteresis control algorithm with a closed loop, which keeps the pressure in the socket close to the initial set point over a long period of time. In experiments, the proposed prosthesis was tested through the gait simulator that can imitate a human’s gait cycle. The active volume compensation of the socket was successfully verified during repetitive gait cycle using the weight loads of 50, 70, and 90 kg and the residual limb model with a variety of volumes. It was confirmed that the pressure of the residual limb recovered to the initial state through the active control. The pressure inside the socket had a steady state error of less than 0.75% even if the volume of the residual limb was changed from −7% to +7%.

scholarly journals Interface Pressure System to Compare the Functional Performance of Prosthetic Sockets during the Gait in People with Trans-Tibial Amputation

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (24) ◽  
pp. 7043
Author(s):  
Salvador Ibarra Aguila ◽  
Gisel J. Sánchez ◽  
Eric E. Sauvain ◽  
B. Alemon ◽  
Rita Q. Fuentes-Aguilar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gait Cycle ◽  
Peak Pressure ◽  
Functional Performance ◽  
Physical Therapists ◽  
Residual Limb ◽  
Interface Pressure ◽  
Pressure System ◽  
Prosthetic Socket ◽  
Critical Regions ◽  
Socket Interface

The interface pressure between the residual limb and prosthetic socket has a significant effect on the amputee’s mobility and level of comfort with their prosthesis. This paper presents a socket interface pressure (SIFP) system to compare the interface pressure differences during gait between two different types of prosthetic sockets for a transtibial amputee. The system evaluates the interface pressure in six critical regions of interest (CROI) of the lower limb amputee and identifies the peak pressures during certain moments of the gait cycle. The six sensors were attached to the residual limb in the CROIs before the participant with transtibial amputation donned a prosthetic socket. The interface pressure was monitored and recorded while the participant walked on a treadmill for 10 min at 1.4 m/s. The results show peak pressure differences of almost 0.22 kgf/cm2 between the sockets. It was observed that the peak pressure occurred at 50% of the stance phase of the gait cycle. This SIFP system may be used by prosthetists, physical therapists, amputation care centers, and researchers, as well as government and private regulators requiring comparison and evaluation of prosthetic components, components under development, and testing.

scholarly journals Within-subjects Effects of Standardized Prosthetic Socket Modifications on Physical Function and Patient-Reported Outcomes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Anderst ◽  
Goeran Fiedler ◽  
Kentaro Onishi ◽  
Gina McKernan ◽  
Tom Gale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Function ◽  
Patient Reported Outcomes ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
Residual Limb ◽  
Prosthetic Socket ◽  
Large Patient ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
And Function

Abstract • Background: Among the challenges of living with lower limb loss is the increased risk of long-term health problems that can be either attributed directly to the amputation surgery and/or prosthetic rehabilitation or indirectly to a disability-induced sedentary lifestyle. These problems are exacerbated by poorly fit prosthetic sockets. There is a knowledge gap regarding how the socket design affects in-socket mechanics, and how in-socket mechanics affect patient-reported comfort and function. The objectives of this study are: 1) to gain a better understanding of how in-socket mechanics of the residual limb in transfemoral amputees are related to patient-reported comfort and function, 2) to identify clinical tests that can streamline the socket design process, and 3) to evaluate the efficacy and cost of a novel, quantitatively informed socket optimization process.• Methods: Users of transfemoral prostheses will be asked to walk on a treadmill wearing their current socket plus 8 different check sockets with designed changes in different structural measurements that are likely to induce changes in residual limb motion, skin strain, and pressure distribution within the socket. Dynamic biplane radiography and pressure sensors will be used to measure in-socket residual limb mechanics. Patient-reported outcomes will also be collected after wearing each socket. The effects of in-socket mechanics on both physical function and patient-reported outcomes (aim 1) will be assessed using a generalized linear model. Partial correlation analysis will be used to examine the association between research grade measurements and readily available clinical measurements (aim 2). In order to compare the new quantitative design method to the Standard of Care, patient reported outcomes and cost will be compared between the two methods, utilizing the Wilcoxon Mann-Whitney non-parametric test (aim 3).• Discussion: Knowledge on how prosthetic socket modifications affect residual bone and skin biomechanics itself can be applied to devise future socket designs, and the methodology can be used to investigate and improve such designs, past and present. Apart from saving time and costs, this may result in better prosthetic socket fit for a large patient population, thus increasing their mobility, participation, and overall health-related quality of life. • Trial registration: clinicaltrials.gov: NCT05041998

Three-dimensional printing in prosthetics: Method for managing rapid limb volume change

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 355-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Nickel ◽  
Kyle Barrons ◽  
Barry Hand ◽  
Alana Cataldo ◽  
Andrew Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Service Life ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Residual Limb ◽  
Volume Loss ◽  
Limb Volume ◽  
Three Dimensional Printing ◽  
Body Mass Change ◽  
Prosthetic Socket ◽  
Test Distance ◽  
Gain Loss

Background and Aim: During post-amputation recovery or rapid body mass change, residual limb volume can change quickly, requiring frequent adjustments or replacement of the socket to maintain fit. The aim of this pilot test was to evaluate the feasibility of using a three-dimensional-printed insert to extend the service life of a prosthetic socket after substantial residual limb volume loss. Technique: One research subject with a well-fitting transtibial prosthetic socket had an oversized socket fabricated to simulate substantial limb volume loss. The digital shapes of the oversized and well-fitting sockets were used to create a three-dimensional-printed insert to restore fit. Discussion: Two-minute walk test distance decreased when using the oversized socket without the insert, but not when using the socket with the insert. Socket comfort score was 8+ under all conditions. These results suggest that three-dimensional-printed inserts may be an effective method of extending the service life of prosthetic sockets when rapid limb volume loss occurs. Clinical relevance Three-dimensional (3D) printing gives prosthetists a new tool to manage large volume changes without refabricating entire sockets. Sockets can be fabricated in anticipation of volume gain/loss, using replaceable 3D-printed inserts to maintain fit and comfort.

scholarly journals Accuracy Verification of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Technology for Lower-Limb Prosthetic Research: Utilising Animal Soft Tissue Specimen and Common Socket Casting Materials

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Reza Safari ◽  
Philip Rowe ◽  
Arjan Buis
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Residual Limb ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prosthetic Socket ◽  
Semiautomatic Segmentation ◽  
Segmented Images ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Volume Measurements

Lower limb prosthetic socket shape and volume consistency can be quantified using MRI technology. Additionally, MRI images of the residual limb could be used as an input data for CAD-CAM technology and finite element studies. However, the accuracy of MRI when socket casting materials are used has to be defined. A number of six, 46 mm thick, cross-sections of an animal leg were used. Three specimens were wrapped with Plaster of Paris (POP) and the other three with commercially available silicone interface liner. Data was obtained by utilising MRI technology and then the segmented images compared to corresponding calliper measurement, photographic imaging, and water suspension techniques. The MRI measurement results were strongly correlated with actual diameter, surface area, and volume measurements. The results show that the selected scanning parameters and the semiautomatic segmentation method are adequate enough, considering the limit of clinical meaningful shape and volume fluctuation, for residual limb volume and the cross-sectional surface area measurements.

Measurement of Motion Between the Residual Limb and the Prosthetic Socket During Cycling

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Lee Childers ◽  
Karen L. Perell-Gerson ◽  
Robert J. Gregor
Keyword(s):  
Residual Limb ◽  
Prosthetic Socket

Fluctuating residual limb volume accommodated with an adjustable, modular socket design: A novel case report

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 527-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kay Mitton ◽  
Jai Kulkarni ◽  
Kenneth William Dunn ◽  
Anthony Hoang Ung
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome ◽  
Patellofemoral Instability ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Successful Outcome ◽  
Residual Limb ◽  
Case Description ◽  
Limb Volume ◽  
Prosthetic Socket ◽  
Volume Fluctuations

Background: This novel case report describes the problems of prescribing a prosthetic socket in a left transfemoral amputee secondary to chronic patellofemoral instability compounded by complex regional pain syndrome. Case Description and Methods: Following the amputation, complex regional pain syndrome symptoms recurred in the residual limb, presenting mainly with oedema. Due to extreme daily volume fluctuations of the residual limb, a conventional, laminated thermoplastic socket fitting was not feasible. Findings and Outcomes: An adjustable, modular socket design was trialled. The residual limb volume fluctuations were accommodated within the socket. Amputee rehabilitation could be continued, and the rehabilitation goals were achieved. The patient was able to wear the prosthesis for 8 h daily and to walk unaided indoors and outdoors. Conclusion: An adjustable, modular socket design accommodated the daily residual limb volume fluctuations and provided a successful outcome in this case. It demonstrates the complexities of socket fitting and design with volume fluctuations. Clinical relevance Ongoing complex regional pain syndrome symptoms within the residual limb can lead to fitting difficulties in a conventional, laminated thermoplastic socket due to volume fluctuations. An adjustable, modular socket design can accommodate this and provide a successful outcome.

A Control Strategy for an Active Alignment Transtibial Prosthesis

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew LaPrè ◽  
Frank Sup
Keyword(s):  
Gait Cycle ◽  
Mechanical Design ◽  
Adaptive Controller ◽  
Residual Limb ◽  
Control Approach ◽  
Prosthetic Foot ◽  
Transtibial Prosthesis ◽  
Finite State ◽  
New Type ◽  
Walking Speeds

This paper presents a control approach for an experimental transtibial prosthesis that can actively realign the residual limb in relation to prosthetic foot during the stance phase of gait. The realignment objective is to inject positive power into the gait cycle while actively reducing the magnitude of the sagittal moment transferred to the residual limb. The altered gait dynamics of this new type of prosthesis require a control approach that coordinates its function with a user’s gait cycle. This paper overviews the mechanical design of the prosthesis development, the proposed finite-state adaptive controller, and presents experimental results for constant cadence walking and adaptation while changing walking speeds.

scholarly journals Selecting Appropriate 3D Scanning Technologies for Prosthetic Socket Design and Transtibial Residual Limb Shape Characterization

2020 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander S. Dickinson ◽  
Maggie K. Donovan-Hall ◽  
Sisary Kheng ◽  
Ky Bou ◽  
Auntouch Tech ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Scanning ◽  
Residual Limb ◽  
Prosthetic Socket ◽  
Shape Characterization
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