scholarly journals The Influence of the Presence of Borax and NaCl on Water Absorption Pattern during Sturgeon Caviar (Acipenser transmontanus) Storage

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (24) ◽  
pp. 7174
Author(s):  
Massimo Brambilla ◽  
Marina Buccheri ◽  
Maurizio Grassi ◽  
Annamaria Stellari ◽  
Mario Pazzaglia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Acipenser Transmontanus ◽  
Infrared Spectrometry ◽  
Breeding Cycle ◽  
Range Data ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Sensory Analyses ◽  
Analytical System

Sturgeon caviar quality relies not only on the perfect dosage of the ingredients but also on the long sturgeon breeding cycle (about 12–15 years) and the exact timing of the egg extraction. For the improvement and the promotion of Italian caviar, the development of an analytical system dedicated to fish products, and caviar, in particular, is fundamental. The use of near-infrared spectrometry (NIRS) technology is auspicious. The aquaphotomics approach proved to be an adequate analytical tool to highlight, in real-time, the differences in caviar quality stored with, or without, borax as a preservative. Seventy-five sturgeon caviar (Acipenser transmontanus) samples underwent spectral NIR characterization using a microNIR1700 in the 900–1700 nm range. Data processing was carried out according to the literature. Tenderometric and sensory analyses were also carried out in parallel. The results suggest that a process line under strict control and monitoring can result in high-quality caviar without any other preservative than salt. The challenge of producing caviar without any potentially-toxic preservatives could now be a reality. NIR spectroscopy and aquaphotomics can be, in the future, non-invasive methods to monitor the whole production chain.

scholarly journals Monitoring of CO2 Absorption Solvent in Natural Gas Process Using Fourier Transform Near-Infrared Spectrometry

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Mohd Yusop Nurida ◽  
Dolmat Norfadilah ◽  
Mohd Rozaiddin Siti Aishah ◽  
Chan Zhe Phak ◽  
Syafiqa M. Saleh
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Infrared Spectrometry ◽  
Calibration Model ◽  
Co2 Absorption ◽  
Processing Unit

The analytical methods for the determination of the amine solvent properties do not provide input data for real-time process control and optimization and are labor-intensive, time-consuming, and impractical for studies of dynamic changes in a process. In this study, the potential of nondestructive determination of amine concentration, CO2 loading, and water content in CO2 absorption solvent in the gas processing unit was investigated through Fourier transform near-infrared (FT-NIR) spectroscopy that has the ability to readily carry out multicomponent analysis in association with multivariate analysis methods. The FT-NIR spectra for the solvent were captured and interpreted by using suitable spectra wavenumber regions through multivariate statistical techniques such as partial least square (PLS). The calibration model developed for amine determination had the highest coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.9955 and RMSECV of 0.75%. CO2 calibration model achieved R2 of 0.9902 with RMSECV of 0.25% whereas the water calibration model had R2 of 0.9915 with RMSECV of 1.02%. The statistical evaluation of the validation samples also confirmed that the difference between the actual value and the predicted value from the calibration model was not significantly different and acceptable. Therefore, the amine, CO2, and water models have given a satisfactory result for the concentration determination using the FT-NIR technique. The results of this study indicated that FT-NIR spectroscopy with chemometrics and multivariate technique can be used for the CO2 solvent monitoring to replace the time-consuming and labor-intensive conventional methods.

scholarly journals Historical Evolution and Food Control Achievements of Near Infrared Spectroscopy, Electronic Nose, and Electronic Tongue—Critical Overview

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (19) ◽  
pp. 5479
Author(s):  
Balkis Aouadi ◽  
John-Lewis Zinia Zaukuu ◽  
Flora Vitális ◽  
Zsanett Bodor ◽  
Orsolya Fehér ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Nose ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Electronic Tongue ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Food Control ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Wide Range

Amid today’s stringent regulations and rising consumer awareness, failing to meet quality standards often results in health and financial compromises. In the lookout for solutions, the food industry has seen a surge in high-performing systems all along the production chain. By virtue of their wide-range designs, speed, and real-time data processing, the electronic tongue (E-tongue), electronic nose (E-nose), and near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy have been at the forefront of quality control technologies. The instruments have been used to fingerprint food properties and to control food production from farm-to-fork. Coupled with advanced chemometric tools, these high-throughput yet cost-effective tools have shifted the focus away from lengthy and laborious conventional methods. This special issue paper focuses on the historical overview of the instruments and their role in food quality measurements based on defined food matrices from the Codex General Standards. The instruments have been used to detect, classify, and predict adulteration of dairy products, sweeteners, beverages, fruits and vegetables, meat, and fish products. Multiple physico-chemical and sensory parameters of these foods have also been predicted with the instruments in combination with chemometrics. Their inherent potential for speedy, affordable, and reliable measurements makes them a perfect choice for food control. The high sensitivity of the instruments can sometimes be generally challenging due to the influence of environmental conditions, but mathematical correction techniques exist to combat these challenges.

Clinical Chemistry and near Infrared Spectroscopy: Technology for Non-Invasive Glucose Monitoring

1998 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 349-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.M. Heise ◽  
A. Bittner ◽  
R. Marbach
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Diffuse Reflectance ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Clinical Chemistry ◽  
Infrared Spectrometry ◽  
Full Spectrum ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Calibration Models ◽  
Spectrum Evaluation

Non-invasive assays for blood glucose can be based on near infrared spectrometry of skin tissue using the diffuse reflectance technique. Using a straightforward spectral variable selection based on choices from the optimum partial least-squares (PLS) regression vector yields better results than using PLS calibration models with full spectrum evaluation previously reported. The pairs of variables are selected from the maxima and minima of the regression weights, respectively, in decreasing order. Substantial improvements in the prediction performance of such calibration models, compared to previous calibrations based on full spectrum evaluation, are obtained. Another aspect is the reduced number of spectral variables needed for robust calibration modeling. In addition, evidence is provided for the physical effect, as manifested by the spectral glucose absorptivities, underlying the individual single-person calibration models. Their regression vector structure shows very similar features as calculated for a glucose calibration experiment based on random human plasma samples. Novel techniques are presented for probing the intravascular fluid space using time-resolved near infrared spectroscopy of oral mucosa. The pulsatile blood spectrum can be derived from these diffuse reflectance lip spectra by Fourier analysis. Future applications and prospects for non-invasive blood analysis are discussed.

PRETREATMENT METHOD RESEARCH OF NEAR-INFRARED SPECTRA IN BLOOD COMPONENT NON-INVASIVE MEASUREMENT

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (07) ◽  
pp. 925-937 ◽  
Author(s):  
LI NA LI ◽  
GUANG JUN ZHANG ◽  
QING BO LI
Keyword(s):  
Wavelet Transform ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Blood Component ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Pretreatment Method ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Near Infrared Spectra ◽  
Target Analyte ◽  
Invasive Measurement

Blood component non-invasive measurement based on near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy has become a favorite topic in the field of biomedicine. However, the various noises from instrument measurement and the varying background from absorption of other components (except target analyte) in blood are the main causes, which influenced the prediction accuracy of multivariable calibration. Thinking of backgrounds and noises are always found in high-scale approximation and low-scale detail coefficients. It is possible to identify them by wavelet transform (WT), which has multi-resolution trait and can break spectral signals into different frequency components retaining the same resolution as the original signal. Meanwhile, associating with a criterion of uninformative variable elimination (UVE), it is better to eliminate backgrounds and noises simultaneously and visually. Basic principle and application technology of this pretreatment method, wavelet transform with UVE criterion, were presented in this paper. Three experimental near-infrared spectra data sets, including aqueous solution with four components data sets, plasma data sets, body oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) data sets, which, including glucose (the target analyte in this study), have all been used in this paper as examples to explain this pretreatment method. The effect of selected wavelength bands in the pretreatment process were discussed, and then the adaptability of different pretreatment method for the uncertainty complex NIR spectra model in blood component non-invasive measurements were also analyzed. This research indicates that the pretreatment methods of wavelet transform with UVE criterion can be used to eliminate varying backgrounds and noises for experimental NIR spectra data directly. Under the spectra area of 1100 to 1700 nm, utilizing this pretreatment method is helpful for us to get a more simple and higher precision multivariable calibration for blood glucose non-invasive measurement. Furthermore, by comparing with some other pretreatment methods, the results imply that the method applied in this study has more adaptability for the complex NIR spectra model. This study gives us another path for improving the blood component non-invasive measurement technique based on NIR spectroscopy.

NEAR INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY (NIRS) APPLICATIONS IN MEDICAL: NON-INVASIVE AND INVASIVE LEUKEMIA SCREENING

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (7-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruhaizan Ismail ◽  
Herlina Abdul Rahim ◽  
Intan Maisarah Abd Rahim ◽  
Rashidah Ghazali
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Medical Application ◽  
Analytical Tool ◽  
High Potential ◽  
Biological Molecules ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Diagnosis Tool

Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) has been applied as analytical tool in numerous field of study due to its ability in non-invasive application. NIRS with the ability in providing the information on biological molecules shows a high potential as a diagnosis tool in medical as diseased related to biochemistry changes of the cell and tissue. This paper reviewed the application of NIR spectroscopy in leukemia screening and in other medical application. General comparison between invasive and non-invasive NIR spectroscopy method is provided. The author also proposed a new non-invasive NIRS method in leukemia screening and compared it with the previous invasive NIRS method.

scholarly journals Instrumental Procedures for the Evaluation of Juiciness in Peach and Nectarine Cultivars for Fresh Consumption

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Baltazar ◽  
Eva Cristina Correa ◽  
Belén Diezma
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Stone Fruits ◽  
Confined Compression ◽  
Decision Tools ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Mechanical Procedure

There is growing interest within the peach and nectarine markets in obtaining and selling ready-to-eat fruits. For this, pre-ripening protocols are being applied, which do not always result in sufficiently juicy fruits. Therefore, the aim of this study is the development of objective instrumental procedures for quantification of the juiciness attributes of these fruits. In this work, we evaluated the juiciness of more than 2000 fruits belonging to 20 of the varieties of greatest interest in the southeast of Spain. An instrumental mechanical procedure based on the confined compression of a pulp specimen of known volume was designed and optimized. Instrumental juiciness was defined as the wet area (cm2) on an absorbent paper located under the compression probe. This test allowed for the defining of objective thresholds for the identification of juicy fruits; 90% of the fruits with areas higher than 5.4 cm2 were considered to be juicy. Complementarily, non-invasive supervision by near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, based on pulp structural changes during ripening, allowed for estimation of the instrumental juiciness with coefficients of correlation above 0.83. The results of these instrumental procedures contribute to supporting decision tools in the logistics chain of stone fruits.

scholarly journals Fraud Detection in Batches of Sweet Almonds by Portable Near-Infrared Spectral Devices

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1221
Author(s):  
Irina Torres ◽  
María-Teresa Sánchez ◽  
Miguel Vega-Castellote ◽  
Dolores Pérez-Marín
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Training Set ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Infrared Spectral ◽  
Portable Instruments ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Sweet Almond

One of the key challenges for the almond industry is how to detect the presence of bitter almonds in commercial batches of sweet almonds. The main aim of this research is to assess the potential of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) by means of using portable instruments in the industry to detect batches of sweet almonds which have been adulterated with bitter almonds. To achieve this, sweet almonds and non-sweet almonds (bitter almonds and mixtures of sweet almonds with different percentages (from 5% to 20%) of bitter almonds) were analysed using a new generation of portable spectrophotometers. Three strategies (only bitter almonds, bitter almonds and mixtures, and only mixtures) were used to optimise the construction of the non-sweet almond training set. Models developed using partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) correctly classified 86–100% of samples, depending on the instrument used and the strategy followed for constructing the non-sweet almond training set. These results confirm that NIR spectroscopy provides a reliable, accurate method for detecting the presence of bitter almonds in batches of sweet almonds, with up to 5% adulteration levels (lower levels should be tested in future studies), and that this technology can be readily used at the main steps of the production chain.

scholarly journals Non-invasive blood glucose measurement by near infrared spectroscopy: Machine drift, time drift and physiological effect

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 629-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon C. H. Lam ◽  
Joanne W. Y. Chung ◽  
K. L. Fan ◽  
Thomas K. S. Wong
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Drift Time ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Physiological Effect ◽  
Blood Glucose Measurement ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Glucose Measurement ◽  
Non Invasive

The aim of this paper is to evaluate development of the non-invasive blood glucose measurement of near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. The results showed that NIR spectroscopy might obtain glucose concentration of up to 200% difference under a same environmental condition with two months apart due to time and machine drifts. These effects can restrict the development of the non-invasive blood glucose measurement. Partial least square (PLS) regression was used, which showed advantage over using simple absorbance for glucose concentration. Non-invasive blood glucose measurement of health subjects (non-diabetics) was also investigated. The results showed that R correlation coefficient of prediction (Rp) was 0.48 and root mean square of prediction (rmsep) was 1.34 mmol/l. The error was mainly due to the physiological effect of different subjects.

scholarly journals Designing and Implementation of Non Invasive Blood Glucose and Hemoglobin Detection using NIR

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 229-232
Keyword(s):  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Optical Signals ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Sugar Levels

our project describes the tactic of measurement of the glucose concentration and simultaneously hemoglobin within the human blood non-invasively using the painless near infrared-based optical technique. In recent practice, the concentration of glucose and hemoglobin in blood is measured using invasive techniques which generally involve pricking finger (commercial Glucometer and samples using spectroscopy). The frequent finger pricking causes damages on the skin and also increases the danger of spreading infectious diseases. So, the development of non-invasive blood sugar and hemoglobin measurement system are going to be a boon to diabetic patients. The designed system uses Near Infrared (NIR) spectroscopy to work out blood sugar levels supported transmittance spectroscopy emitting signals of 940nm wavelength. These optical signals are sent through the fingertip and reflected signals are detected by phototransistor placed beside. The glucose concentration and therefore the hemoglobin within the blood are determined by analyzing the variation within the intensity of the received signal obtained after reflection. The described system is majorly useful for diabetic patients. In our project, we used Ardunio Uno for the acquisition and processing of the signals. The developed low-cost device could avoid complicated procedures and provides continuous monitoring of glucose and hemoglobin concentration.

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